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Reumann MK, Braun BJ, Menger MM, Springer F, Jazewitsch J, Schwarz T, Nüssler A, Histing T, Rollmann MFR. [Artificial intelligence and novel approaches for treatment of non-union in bone : From established standard methods in medicine up to novel fields of research]. Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb) 2022; 125:611-618. [PMID: 35810261 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-022-01202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methods of artificial intelligence (AI) have found applications in many fields of medicine within the last few years. Some disciplines already use these methods regularly within their clinical routine. However, the fields of application are wide and there are still many opportunities to apply these new AI concepts. This review article gives an insight into the history of AI and defines the special terms and fields, such as machine learning (ML), neural networks and deep learning. The classical steps in developing AI models are demonstrated here, as well as the iteration of data rectification and preparation, the training of a model and subsequent validation before transfer into a clinical setting are explained. Currently, musculoskeletal disciplines implement methods of ML and also neural networks, e.g. for identification of fractures or for classifications. Also, predictive models based on risk factor analysis for prevention of complications are being initiated. As non-union in bone is a rare but very complex disease with dramatic socioeconomic impact for the healthcare system, many open questions arise which could be better understood by using methods of AI in the future. New fields of research applying AI models range from predictive models and cost analysis to personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Reumann
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
- Siegfried Weller Institut für Unfallmedizinische Forschung an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - Benedikt J Braun
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Springer
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Johann Jazewitsch
- Siegfried Weller Institut für Unfallmedizinische Forschung an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Siegfried Weller Institut für Unfallmedizinische Forschung an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Siegfried Weller Institut für Unfallmedizinische Forschung an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Tina Histing
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Mika F R Rollmann
- Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Klinik Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
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