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Hamidi-zad Z, Moslehi A, Rastegarpanah M. Attenuating effects of allantoin on oxidative stress in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: role of SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:651-659. [PMID: 34760013 PMCID: PMC8562413 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.327511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a common and serious liver disease, which develops into cirrhosis, fibrosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress is identified as an important factor in the induction and promotion of NASH. Allantoin is a natural and safe compound and has notable effects on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the role of allantoin on the oxidative stress and SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway in a mouse model of NASH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57/BL6 male mice received saline and allantoin (saline as the control and allantoin as the positive control groups). NASH was induced by a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD). In the NASH-allantoin (NASH-Alla) group, allantoin was injected for 4 weeks in the mice feeding on an MCD diet. Afterward, histopathological, serum, oxidative stress, and western blot evaluations were performed. FINDINGS/RESULTS We found NASH provided hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased, lipid peroxidation increased, and the expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2 downregulated. However, allantoin-treatment decreased serum cholesterol, ALT, and AST. Liver steatosis and inflammation were improved. Protein expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2 were upregulated and SOD, CAT, and GSH levels increased and lipid peroxidation decreased. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS It seems that the antioxidant effects of allantoin might have resulted from the activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway and increase of cellular antioxidant power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hamidi-zad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
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Delibas B, Kuruoglu E, Bereket MC, Onger ME. Allantoin, a purine metabolite, enhances peripheral nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve injury in rats: A stereological and immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102002. [PMID: 34242746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Following peripheral nerve injury, in addition to axonal and myelin degeneration, a sharp increase is observed in cell numbers, especially Schwann cells, in the distal part of the injury. This study investigated the effect of allantoin, involved in purine catabolism, on the reactions occurring in the lesion area. MATERIAL AND METHOD An experimental sciatic nerve injury model was established with the application of pressure at 50 Newtons for 5 s to the right sciatic nerves of experimental animals following visualization with the help of pliers. Allantoin was administered to the test groups via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route (10 mg/kg), at the same time every day for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 30 days, following electromyography and Sciatic Function Index tests. Myelinated/unmyelinated axon numbers were evaluated stereologically. Myelin sheath thickness, axon diameter, mitotic activity, and functional improvement in muscles in this peripheral nerve degeneration model were investigated. The test results were then subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS Allantoin was observed to exhibit curative effects in terms of function, although stereological tests revealed no morphological differences. CONCLUSION The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a beneficial effect on nerve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Delibas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Enis Kuruoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cihan Bereket
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Onger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Martínez-Gutiérrez A, Fernández-Duran I, Marazuela-Duque A, Simonet NG, Yousef I, Martínez-Rovira I, Martínez-Hoyos J, Vaquero A. Shikimic acid protects skin cells from UV-induced senescence through activation of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12308-12333. [PMID: 33901008 PMCID: PMC8148468 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation is one of the main contributors to skin photoaging by promoting the accumulation of cellular senescence, which in turn induces a proinflammatory and tissue-degrading state that favors skin aging. The members of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent enzymes play an anti-senescence role and their activation suggests a promising approach for preventing UV-induced senescence in the treatment of skin aging. A two-step screening designed to identify compounds able to protect cells from UV-induced senescence through sirtuin activation identified shikimic acid (SA), a metabolic intermediate in many organisms, as a bona-fide candidate. The protective effects of SA against senescence were dependent on specific activation of SIRT1 as the effect was abrogated by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. Upon UV irradiation SA induced S-phase accumulation and a decrease in p16INK4A expression but did not protect against DNA damage or increased polyploidies. In contrast, SA reverted misfolded protein accumulation upon senescence, an effect that was abrogated by EX-527. Consistently, SA induced an increase in the levels of the chaperone BiP, resulting in a downregulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and UPR-dependent autophagy, avoiding their abnormal hyperactivation during senescence. SA did not directly activate SIRT1 in vitro, suggesting that SIRT1 is a downstream effector of SA signaling specifically in the response to cellular senescence. Our study not only uncovers a shikimic acid/SIRT1 signaling pathway that prevents cellular senescence, but also reinforces the role of sirtuins as key regulators of cell proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Badalona, Spain.,Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08908, Spain.,Mesostetic Pharma Group, Barcelona 08840, Viladecans, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Duran
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Marazuela-Duque
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Badalona, Spain.,Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Nicolás G Simonet
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Badalona, Spain.,Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Ibraheem Yousef
- MIRAS Beamline, ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Barcelona 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Immaculada Martínez-Rovira
- MIRAS Beamline, ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Barcelona 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Ionizing Radiation Research Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona 08916, Badalona, Spain.,Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08908, Spain
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Calvert S, Tacutu R, Sharifi S, Teixeira R, Ghosh P, de Magalhães JP. A network pharmacology approach reveals new candidate caloric restriction mimetics in C. elegans. Aging Cell 2016; 15:256-66. [PMID: 26676933 PMCID: PMC4783339 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, retards aging in several animal models from worms to mammals. Developing CR mimetics, compounds that reproduce the longevity benefits of CR without its side effects, is of widespread interest. Here, we employed the Connectivity Map to identify drugs with overlapping gene expression profiles with CR. Eleven statistically significant compounds were predicted as CR mimetics using this bioinformatics approach. We then tested rapamycin, allantoin, trichostatin A, LY‐294002 and geldanamycin in Caenorhabditis elegans. An increase in lifespan and healthspan was observed for all drugs except geldanamycin when fed to wild‐type worms, but no lifespan effects were observed in eat‐2 mutant worms, a genetic model of CR, suggesting that life‐extending effects may be acting via CR‐related mechanisms. We also treated daf‐16 worms with rapamycin, allantoin or trichostatin A, and a lifespan extension was observed, suggesting that these drugs act via DAF‐16‐independent mechanisms, as would be expected from CR mimetics. Supporting this idea, an analysis of predictive targets of the drugs extending lifespan indicates various genes within CR and longevity networks. We also assessed the transcriptional profile of worms treated with either rapamycin or allantoin and found that both drugs use several specific pathways that do not overlap, indicating different modes of action for each compound. The current work validates the capabilities of this bioinformatic drug repositioning method in the context of longevity and reveals new putative CR mimetics that warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Calvert
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - Robi Tacutu
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - Samim Sharifi
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - Rute Teixeira
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - Pratul Ghosh
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
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Amitani M, Cheng KC, Asakawa A, Amitani H, Kairupan TS, Sameshima N, Shimizu T, Hashiguchi T, Inui A. Allantoin ameliorates chemically-induced pancreatic β-cell damage through activation of the imidazoline I3 receptors. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1105. [PMID: 26290782 PMCID: PMC4540048 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Allantoin is the primary active compound in yams (Dioscorea spp.). Recently, allantoin has been demonstrated to activate imidazoline 3 (I3) receptors located in pancreatic tissues. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of allantoin in the effect to improve damage induced in pancreatic β-cells by streptozotocin (STZ) via the I3 receptors. Research Design and Methods. The effect of allantoin on STZ-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells was examined using the ApoTox-Glo triplex assay, live/dead cell double staining assay, flow cytometric analysis, and Western blottings. The potential mechanism was investigated using KU14R: an I3 receptor antagonist, and U73122: a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. The effects of allantoin on serum glucose and insulin secretion were measured in STZ-treated rats. Results. Allantoin attenuated apoptosis and cytotoxicity and increased the viability of STZ-induced β-cells in a dose-dependent manner; this effect was suppressed by KU14R and U73112. Allantoin decreased the level of caspase-3 and increased the level of phosphorylated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression detected by Western blotting. The improvement in β-cells viability was confirmed using flow cytometry analysis. Daily injection of allantoin for 8 days in STZ-treated rats significantly lowered plasma glucose and increased plasma insulin levels. This action was inhibited by treatment with KU14R. Conclusion. Allantoin ameliorates the damage of β-cells induced by STZ. The blockade by pharmacological inhibitors indicated that allantoin can activate the I3 receptors through a PLC-related pathway to decrease this damage. Therefore, allantoin and related analogs may be effective in the therapy for β-cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Timothy Sean Kairupan
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Nanami Sameshima
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Teruto Hashiguchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
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