1
|
Demiray Z, Akyol NH, Akyol G, Copty NK. Surfactant-enhanced in-situ oxidation of DNAPL source zone: Experiments and numerical modeling. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 258:104233. [PMID: 37625208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigate the synergetic effects of combining surfactant-enhanced dissolution with in-situ oxidation of a pool-dominated PCE DNAPL source zone entrapped in porous media. Flow cell flushing experiments packed with silica sand and natural calcareous soil were conducted with a surfactant (Tween 80) and permanganate (MnO4-) used as dissolution and oxidation agents, respectively. The resultant breakthrough curves exhibited a multiple step behavior with mass removal controlled in the latter stages by the less-accessible DNAPL mass. DNAPL spatial architecture, flow-field heterogeneity, and flushing solution all influenced the remediation effort. When taking into account both the surfactant-enhanced dissolution and permanganate oxidation processes, mass-flux reduction/mass-removal behavior relationships indicated that the inclusion of oxidation in the remediation scheme delayed the drop in mass flux from the source zone, leading to improved DNAPL removal efficiency. Numerical modeling was also performed to further evaluate the efficacy of the surfactant-enhanced chemical oxidation of DNAPL PCE with permanganate. The system of reaction equations available in the multiphase flow simulator UTCHEM were adapted to simulate the chemical oxidation process in the presence of a surfactant. The model results yield lower oxidation reaction rate constants in the presence of Tween 80, indicating that Tween 80 can interfere with the reaction rate. However, the increase in the solubility of PCE in the presence of Tween 80 more than compensates for the decrease in reaction rate constant. Overall, for Tween 80/MnO4- applied at sufficient dosages, more efficient DNAPL zone remediation was achieved compared to surfactant flushing or permanganate oxidation alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Demiray
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihat Hakan Akyol
- Department of Geological Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gokçe Akyol
- Department of Geological Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Nadim K Copty
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen J, Zhu L, Cao S, Song Z, Yang X, Jin J, Chen Z. Activating peroxymonosulfate using carbon from cyanobacteria as support for zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:73353-73364. [PMID: 35624370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the cyanobacterial char (ACC) prepared from Chaohu cyanobacteria was used as a nanoscale carrier for zero-valent iron (NZVI) to synthesize a highly efficient activation material designated as cyanobacterial char-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI@ACC), which was subsequently used for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade the orange II (OII) dye. The XRD and XPS results revealed that NZVI was anchored onto the ACC through coordination bonding, forming a stable structure. The SEM and TEM observations revealed that the NZVI was embedded in the sheet structure of the ACC. The NZVI@ACC had a larger specific surface area (42.249 m2/g) and also magnetism, due to which its components could be separated through an externally applied magnetic field. Using this NZVI@ACC/PMS system, the rate of degradation of OII (100 mg/L) reached 98.32% within 14 min. The OII degradation reaction using the NZVI@ACC/PMS system followed first-order kinetics. The activation energy of this degradation reaction was 17.34 kJ/(mol·K). Quenching and EPR experiments revealed that various free radicals (SO4·-, ·OH) were produced, with SO4·- playing the major role in the reaction. The theoretical calculations revealed that SO4·- attacked the 12 (N) of OII, thereby destroying and degrading both azo and hydrogenated azo structures of OII. The presence of halogen ions in the actual dye-containing wastewater samples inhibited the OII degradation by the NZVI@ACC system to different degrees, and the inhibition effect followed the order I- > Br- > Cl-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-Restoration Materials, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Layun Zhu
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-Restoration Materials, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Cao
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-Restoration Materials, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Song
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-Restoration Materials, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-Restoration Materials, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-Restoration Materials, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Chen
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-Restoration Materials, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussain A, Rehman F, Rafeeq H, Waqas M, Asghar A, Afsheen N, Rahdar A, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. In-situ, Ex-situ, and nano-remediation strategies to treat polluted soil, water, and air - A review. Chemosphere 2022; 289:133252. [PMID: 34902385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, as an emerging science, has taken over all fields of life including industries, health and medicine, environmental issues, agriculture, biotechnology etc. The use of nanostructure molecules has revolutionized all sectors. Environmental pollution is a great concern now a days, in all industrial and developing as well as some developed countries. A number of remedies are in practice to overcome this problem. The application of nanotechnology in the bioremediation of environmental pollutants is a step towards revolution. The use of various types of nanoparticles (TiO2 based NPs, dendrimers, Fe based NPs, Silica and carbon nanomaterials, Graphene based NPs, nanotubes, polymers, micelles, nanomembranes etc.) is in practice to diminish environmental hazards. For this many In-situ (bioventing, bioslurping, biosparging, phytoremediation, permeable reactive barrier etc.) and Ex-situ (biopile, windrows, bioreactors, land farming etc.) methodologies are employed. Improved properties like nanoscale size, less time utilization, high adaptability for In-situ and Ex-situ use, undeniable degree of surface-region to-volume proportion for possible reactivity, and protection from ecological elements make nanoparticles ideal for natural applications. There are distinctive nanomaterials and nanotools accessible to treat the pollutants. Each of these methods and nanotools depends on the properties of foreign substances and the pollution site. The current designed review highlights the techniques used for bioremediation of environmental pollutants as well as use of various nanoparticles along with proposed In-situ and Ex-situ bioremediation techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazeelat Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Asma Asghar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Afsheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alazaiza MYD, Albahnasawi A, Ali GAM, Bashir MJK, Copty NK, Amr SSA, Abushammala MFM, Al Maskari T. Recent Advances of Nanoremediation Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation: A Review. Water 2021; 13:2186. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been widely used in many fields including in soil and groundwater remediation. Nanoremediation has emerged as an effective, rapid, and efficient technology for soil and groundwater contaminated with petroleum pollutants and heavy metals. This review provides an overview of the application of nanomaterials for environmental cleanup, such as soil and groundwater remediation. Four types of nanomaterials, namely nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), are presented and discussed. In addition, the potential environmental risks of the nanomaterial application in soil remediation are highlighted. Moreover, this review provides insight into the combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technologies. The study demonstrates that nZVI had been widely studied for high-efficiency environmental remediation due to its high reactivity and excellent contaminant immobilization capability. CNTs have received more attention for remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants because of their unique adsorption characteristics. Environmental remediations using metal and MNPs are also favorable due to their facile magnetic separation and unique metal-ion adsorption. The modified nZVI showed less toxicity towards soil bacteria than bare nZVI; thus, modifying or coating nZVI could reduce its ecotoxicity. The combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technology is shown to be a valuable soil remediation technique as the synergetic effects may increase the sustainability of the applied process towards green technology for soil remediation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rayaroth MP, Oh D, Lee CS, Kang YG, Chang YS. In situ chemical oxidation of contaminated groundwater using a sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron-persulfate system: Insights from a box-type study. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127117. [PMID: 32480085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the potential of a sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron-persulfate (S-nZVI-PS) system for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of groundwater pollutants. The study was conducted using a sand-filled rectangular box with a permeable reactive barrier of S-nZVI as a facsimile of the ISCO system. Synthetic water contaminated with a target pollutant (reactive black-5, RB-5) was continuously passed through the box. The injection of PS led to the complete removal of RB-5 and the system remained reactive for approximately 12 days. This system has a benefit that the oxidation products of S-nZVI (i.e., Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and FeSO4) can further activate PS to retain its reactivity. In a separate trial, this method exploited oxidation, reduction, adsorption and co-precipitation mechanisms that conspired to remove two different groundwater pollutants- arsenite and 1,4-dioxane. These results confirmed the utility of S-nZVI-PS as a mediator of ISCO processes to degrade groundwater pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Oh
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Seop Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Gyeong Kang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Environmental Research, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Head NA, Gerhard JI, Inglis AM, Nunez Garcia A, Chowdhury AIA, Reynolds DA, de Boer CV, Sidebottom A, Austrins LM, Eimers J, O'Carroll DM. Field test of electrokinetically-delivered thermally activated persulfate for remediation of chlorinated solvents in clay. Water Res 2020; 183:116061. [PMID: 32623242 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) has demonstrated success in remediating soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). However, its performance is often hindered in low-permeability or heterogeneous media due to an inability to effectively deliver the oxidants. This field-scale study investigated the novel approach of applying electrokinetics (EK) to enhance the delivery of persulfate in a low-permeability media and the ability of electrical resistance heating (ERH) to thermally activate the delivered persulfate. Results showed that 40% of the mass of total sulfur delivered was due to EK mechanisms, demonstrating that EK has the potential to enhance oxidant delivery. ERH may have activated some of the persulfate, but catalytic reactions with reduced forms of iron likely resulted in appreciable persulfate decomposition prior to ERH. Significant decreases (>80%) in the aqueous concentration of CVOCs was observed before and after ERH initiation, attributed to in situ transformation and physical processes (e.g., dilution). In situ transformation of CVOCs was assessed by compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) samples collected after ERH application. Enrichment of 13C was only measured in the well with appreciable persulfate breakthrough, confirming dechlorination of 1,2-DCA. Results from this field study demonstrate that EK and ERH can be used for persulfate delivery and activation for remediation of CVOCs in low-permeability media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Head
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Jason I Gerhard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Ainsley M Inglis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Ahmed I A Chowdhury
- Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David A Reynolds
- Geosyntec Consultants, 130 Stone Road W, Guelph, N1G 3Z2, ON, Canada
| | - Cjestmir V de Boer
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Research, TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Leanne M Austrins
- Dow Chemical, Environmental Remediation and Compliance, Midland, MI, 48674, USA
| | - Jake Eimers
- Jacobs, 72 Victoria St S, Kitchener, N2G 4Y9, ON, Canada
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krupińska I. Impact of the Oxidant Type on the Efficiency of the Oxidation and Removal of Iron Compounds from Groundwater Containing Humic Substances. Molecules 2020; 25:E3380. [PMID: 32722467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the coexistence of organic matter and iron in groundwater, a certain part of the iron is present as iron-organic complexes in the form of colloids and/or dissolved complexes. The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the type of oxidizing agent: O2, Cl2, H2O2, or KMnO4, on the efficiency of the oxidation and removal of iron compounds from three groundwaters with significantly different contents and types of organic substances among which humic and fulvic acids occurred. This study shows that after the aeration and the oxidation with Cl2 and H2O2, the increasing content of dissolved hydrophilic organic substances containing aromatic rings in the raw water reduced the effectiveness of Fe(II) oxidation and the effectiveness of iron removal during the sedimentation process. This regularity was not found only when KMnO4 was used as the oxidant. After oxidation with H2O2, the highest number of organo-iron complexes and an increased concentration of dissolved organic carbon were found. High concentrations of organo-ferrous connections were also found in aerated water samples. The highest KMnO4 efficiency of removing iron and organic substances and reducing the color intensity and turbidity was due to the catalytic and adsorptive properties of the precipitated MnO2, which also improved the sedimentation properties of the resultant oxidation products.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Sun Y, Yang Y, Han Y, Wang T, Chen J, Tsang DCW. Biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron as an efficient catalyst for organic degradation in groundwater. J Hazard Mater 2020; 383:121240. [PMID: 31563767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency and cost-effective catalysts are critical to completely mineralization of organic contaminants for in-situ groundwater remediation via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The engineered biochar is a promising method for waste biomass utilization and sustainable remediation. This study engineers maize stalk (S)- and maize cob (C)-derived biochars (i.e., SB300, SB600, CB300, and CB600, respectively) with oxygen-containing functional groups as a carbon-based support for nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Morphological and physiochemical characterization showed that nZVI could be impregnated within the framework of the synthesized Fe-CB600 composite, which exhibited the largest surface area, pore volume, iron loading capacity, and Fe0 proportion. Superior degradation efficiency (100% removal in 20 min) of trichloroethylene (TCE, 0.1 mM) and fast pseudo-first-order kinetics (kobs =22.0 h-1) were achieved via peroxymonosulfate (PMS, 5 mM) activation by the Fe-CB600 (1 g L-1) under groundwater condition (bicarbonate buffer solution at pH = 8.2). Superoxide radical and singlet oxygen mediated by Fe0 and oxygen-containing group (i.e., CO) were demonstrated as the major reactive oxygen species (ROSs) responsible for TCE dechlorination. The effectiveness and mechanism of the Fe/C composites for rectifying organic-contaminated groundwater were depicted in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yitong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tongshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan G, Cang L, Gomes HI, Zhou D. Electrokinetic delivery of persulfate to remediate PCBs polluted soils: Effect of different activation methods. Chemosphere 2016; 144:138-147. [PMID: 26347936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate-based in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for the remediation of organic polluted soils has gained much interest in last decade. However, the transportation of persulfate in low-permeability soil is very low, which limits its efficiency in degrading soil pollutants. Additionally, the oxidation-reduction process of persulfate with organic contaminants takes place slowly, while, the reaction will be greatly accelerated by the production of more powerful radicals once it is activated. Electrokinetic remediation (EK) is a good way for transporting persulfate in low-permeability soil. In this study, different activation methods, using zero-valent iron, citric acid chelated Fe(2+), iron electrode, alkaline pH and peroxide, were evaluated to enhance the activity of persulfate delivered by EK. All the activators and the persulfate were added in the anolyte. The results indicated that zero-valent iron, alkaline, and peroxide enhanced the transportation of persulfate at the first stage of EK test, and the longest delivery distance reached sections S4 or S5 (near the cathode) on the 6th day. The addition of activators accelerated decomposition of persulfate, which resulted in the decreasing soil pH. The mass of persulfate delivered into the soil declined with the continuous decomposition of persulfate by activation. The removal efficiency of PCBs in soil followed the order of alkaline activation > peroxide activation > citric acid chelated Fe(2+) activation > zero-valent iron activation > without activation > iron electrode activation, and the values were 40.5%, 35.6%, 34.1%, 32.4%, 30.8% and 30.5%, respectively. The activation effect was highly dependent on the ratio of activator and persulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Fan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Long Cang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helena I Gomes
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Al-Shamsi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Neil R. Thomson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsai TT, Kao CM, Wang JY. Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater using acid/BOF slag enhanced chemical oxidation. Chemosphere 2011; 83:687-692. [PMID: 21377186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of applying acid/H(2)O(2)/basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag) and acid/S(2)O(8)(2-)/BOF slag systems to enhance the chemical oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater. Results from the bench-scale study indicate that TCE oxidation via the Fenton-like oxidation process can be enhanced with the addition of BOF slag at low pH (pH=2-5.2) and neutral (pH=7.1) conditions. Because the BOF slag has iron abundant properties (14% of FeO and 6% of Fe(2)O(3)), it can be sustainably reused for the supplement of iron minerals during the Fenton-like or persulfate oxidation processes. Results indicate that higher TCE removal efficiency (84%) was obtained with the addition of inorganic acid for the activation of Fenton-like reaction compared with the experiments with organic acids addition (with efficiency of 10-15% lower) (BOF slag=10gL(-1); initial pH=5.2). This could be due to the fact that organic acids would compete with TCE for available oxidants. Results also indicate that the pH value had a linear correlation with the observed first-order decay constant of TCE, and thus, lower pH caused a higher TCE oxidation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T Tsai
- Integrated Research Center for Green Living Technologies, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsai TT, Kao CM, Hong A. Treatment of tetrachloroethylene-contaminated groundwater by surfactant-enhanced persulfate/BOF slag oxidation--a laboratory feasibility study. J Hazard Mater 2009; 171:571-576. [PMID: 19586715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of remediating tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated groundwater (with initial PCE concentration of approximately 20 mg L(-1)) via persulfate oxidation activated by basic oxygen furnace slag (S(2)O(8)(2-)/BOF slag) with the addition of biodegradable surfactant (Tween 80). Results indicate that only 15% of PCE can be removed in experiment with the addition of S(2)O(8)(2-) only (S(2)O(8)(2-)/PCE=30/1). PCE removal can be increased to 31% while both S(2)O(8)(2-) and BOF slag (10 g L(-1)) were added. This indicates that BOF slag was able to activate the persulfate oxidation mechanism, and cause the decrease in PCE concentration via oxidation process. Results also reveal that PCE degradation rates increased to 92% with the presence of Tween 80 (S(2)O(8)(2-)/Tween 80/PCE=30/2/1). In the presence of 10 g L(-1) BOF slag, the reaction rate constant (k(obs)) values were found to be 3.1 x 10(-3), 8.7 x 10(-3), 1.6 x 10(-2), and 5.8 x 10(-2)h(-1), as the S(2)O(8)(2-)/Tween 80/PCE molar ratios were 30/0/1, 30/0.5/1, 30/1/1, and 30/2/1, respectively. The reaction rate constant increased as the Tween 80 concentration increased. The significantly increased k(obs) could be caused by the enhanced solubilization of PCE by Tween 80. The increase in initial surfactant concentration would cause the increase in the solubilization of PCE, and thus, enhance the oxidation rate. This was confirmed by the total amount of chloride ions produced after the reaction. Results from this study indicate that BOF slag-activated persulfate oxidation enhanced by surfactant addition is a potential method to efficiently and effectively remediate chlorinated solvents contaminated groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T Tsai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valle-Orta M, Diaz D, Santiago-Jacinto P, Vázquez-Olmos A, Reguera E. Instantaneous Synthesis of Stable Zerovalent Metal Nanoparticles under Standard Reaction Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:14427-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802773r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maiby Valle-Orta
- Facultad de Química, Instituto de Física, and Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, México D. F., México, and CICATA U-Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11500, México D. F., México
| | - David Diaz
- Facultad de Química, Instituto de Física, and Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, México D. F., México, and CICATA U-Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11500, México D. F., México
| | - Patricia Santiago-Jacinto
- Facultad de Química, Instituto de Física, and Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, México D. F., México, and CICATA U-Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11500, México D. F., México
| | - América Vázquez-Olmos
- Facultad de Química, Instituto de Física, and Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, México D. F., México, and CICATA U-Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11500, México D. F., México
| | - Edilso Reguera
- Facultad de Química, Instituto de Física, and Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, México D. F., México, and CICATA U-Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11500, México D. F., México
| |
Collapse
|