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Abstract
We report the first global ab initio-based potential energy surface (PES) for ground-state triplet C3(3A') based on accurate energies extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit, and using the combined-hyperbolic-inverse-power-representation method for the analytical modeling. By relying on a cost-effective CBS(D,T) protocol, we ensure that the final form reproduces all topographical features of the PES, including its cyclic-linear isomerization barrier, with CBS(5,6)-quality. To partially account for the incompleteness of the N-electron basis and other minor effects, the available accurate experimental data on the relevant diatomics were used to obtain direct-fit curves that replace the theoretical ones in the many-body expansion. Besides describing properly long-range interactions at all asymptotic channels and permutational symmetry by built-in construction, the PES reported here reproduces the proper exothermicities at dissociation regions as well as the spectroscopy of the diatomic fragments. Bound vibrational state calculations in both linear and cyclic isomers have also been carried out, unveiling a good match of the available data on C3(ã 3Πu), while assisting with IR band positions for C3(3A2') that may serve as a guide for its laboratory and astronomical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M R Rocha
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - A J C Varandas
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal.,School of Physics and Physical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , P. R. China
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2
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Abstract
The major aspects of the C2, C3 and C4 elemental carbon clusters are surveyed. For C2, a brief analysis of its current status is presented. Regarding C3, the most recent results obtained in our group are reviewed with emphasis on modelling its potential energy surface which is particularly complicated due to the presence of multiple conical intersections. As for C4, the most stable isomeric forms of both triplet and singlet spin states and their possible interconversion pathways are examined afresh by means of accurate ab initio calculations. The main strategies for modelling the ground triplet C4 potential are also discussed. Starting from a truncated cluster expansion and a previously reported DMBE form for C3, an approximate four-body term is calibrated from the ab initio energies. The final six-dimensional global DMBE form so obtained reproduces all known topographical aspects while providing an accurate description of the C4 linear-rhombic isomerization pathway. It is therefore commended for both spectroscopic and reaction dynamics studies.This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern theoretical chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J C Varandas
- Department of Chemistry and Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C M R Rocha
- Department of Chemistry and Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Huang WJ, Sun YL, Chin CH, Lee SH. Dynamics of the reaction of C₃(a³Πu) radicals with C₂H₂: a new source for the formation of C₅H. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124314. [PMID: 25273444 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction C3(a(3)Πu) + C2H2 → C5H + H was investigated at collision energy 10.9 kcal mol(-1) that is less than the enthalpy of ground-state reaction C3(X(1)Σg (+)) + C2H2 → C5H + H. C3(a(3)Πu) radicals were synthesized from 1% C4F6/He by pulsed high-voltage discharge. The title reaction was conducted in a crossed molecular-beam apparatus equipped with a quadrupole-mass filter. Product C5H was interrogated with time-of-flight spectroscopy and synchrotron vacuum-ultraviolet ionization. Reactant C3(a(3)Πu) and product C5H were identified using photoionization spectroscopy. The ionization thresholds of C3(X(1)Σg(+)) and C3(a(3)Πu) are determined as 11.6 ± 0.2 eV and 10.0 ± 0.2 eV, respectively. The C5H product is identified as linear pentynylidyne that has an ionization energy 8.4 ± 0.2 eV. The title reaction releases translational energy 10.6 kcal mol(-1) in average and has an isotropic product angular distribution. The quantum-chemical calculation indicates that the C3(a(3)Πu) radical attacks one of the carbon atoms of C2H2 and subsequently a hydrogen atom is ejected to form C5H + H, in good agreement with the experimental observation. As far as we are aware, the C3(a(3)Πu) + C2H2 reaction is investigated for the first time. This work gives an implication for the formation of C5H from the C3(a(3)Πu) + C2H2 reaction occurring in a combustion or discharge process of C2H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Al Mogren MM, Denis-Alpizar O, Abdallah DB, Stoecklin T, Halvick P, Senent ML, Hochlaf M. On the use of explicitly correlated treatment methods for the generation of accurate polyatomic –He/H2 interaction potential energy surfaces: The case of C3–He complex and generalization. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:044308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4890729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Al Mogren
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - O. Denis-Alpizar
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Matanzas, Matanzas 40100, Cuba
| | - D. Ben Abdallah
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications – LSAMA Université de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia and Department of General Studies, Riyadh Corporation of Technology, Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, P.O. Box: 42826, Riyadh 11551, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Stoecklin
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - P. Halvick
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - M.-L. Senent
- Departamento de Química y Física Teóricas, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-C.S.I.C., Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - M. Hochlaf
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
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Sych Y, Bornhauser P, Knopp G, Liu Y, Gerber T, Marquardt R, Radi PP. Perturbation facilitated two-color four-wave-mixing spectroscopy of C3. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:154203. [PMID: 24160506 DOI: 10.1063/1.4825198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation-facilitated two-color resonant four-wave-mixing spectroscopy is realized to access the (dark) triplet manifold of the C3 molecule from the singlet X̃(1)Σg (+) ground state. The inherent nonlinear signal dependence and coherence of the technique result in a favorable detection of the excited triplet states of interest. The observation of a newly found (3)Δu electronic state is achieved by a two-step excitation via "gate-way" levels (i.e., singlet-triplet mixed levels). Additionally, by fixing the probe laser on a transition exhibiting mainly triplet-triplet character and scanning the pump laser, we demonstrate an effective spin-filtering in a four-wave mixing measurement where only transitions to the perturber (3)Σu(-) state appear exclusively in an otherwise congested spectral range of the Comet band. Ab initio calculations of excited triplet states complement our analysis with the electronic assignment of the observed resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sych
- Department General Energy Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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6
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Abstract
The fluorescence lifetimes of 115 vibrational levels of the Ã1Π(u) state of C3 have been measured under supersonic molecular beam conditions. Of these, ninety-one are Π(u) vibronic levels, for which the lifetimes lie in the range 190-700 ns. The lifetimes of those Π(u) levels where only the bending vibration is excited lie in the range 190-235 ns. There is very little variation with bending quantum number, and the lifetimes of the two orbital components of the 1Π(u) state are essentially the same. When ν1 and ν3 are excited, the lifetimes become longer and/or reach a maximum for levels with v1 + v3 ~ 4. Excitation of the bending vibration in addition to the stretching vibrations shortens the lifetime slightly. Several of the levels show double-exponential decays. Another 23 levels, of Σ(u)+ vibronic symmetry, mostly have lifetimes that are longer than 300 ns. Interaction with nearby "dark" electronic states, such as B1Σ(u)-, B'1Δ(u), C1Π(g), and b3Π(g), is proposed to account for the observed lifetime lengthening. A particularly clear instance of such an interaction is the long lifetime (914 ns) of a perturbing Σ(u)+ level at 30,181 cm(-1), which is confirmed as belonging to the perturbing B'1Δ(u) state. A single level of Δ(u) symmetry at 29,170 cm(-1), which perturbs one of the Π(u) levels, is shown to belong to the à state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica , P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10716, Taiwan, R. O. C
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Chaudhuri RK, Krishnamachari SLNG. Theoretical Study on the Ground and Excited States of Dicyanocarbene (C3N2) and Its Isomers: A Low-Temperature Matrix Emission Spectrum Attributable to 3-Cyano-2H-azirenylidene. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4849-54. [PMID: 17497833 DOI: 10.1021/jp066358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations are used to characterize the ground and low lying excited electronic states of selected dicyanocarbene (C(3)N(2) or C(CN)2) isomers. Our calculated ground state geometries and the corresponding vibrational frequencies agree well with available experimental and theoretical data, thereby providing the reliability of the predicted quantities. The present calculations are used to identify the possible emitting species for some unidentified emission bands observed in certain low-temperature matrices. It is found that the 1(3)A' --> X(1)A' transition of 3-cyano-2H-azirenylidene, that is, cyclic C(2)N-CN (Figure 1c) satisfactorily explains all of the observed spectral features of these bands.
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Abstract
We report here the first observation of the D (1)Delta(g) state of the C(3) radical, which provides the first comprehensively analyzed example of the dynamic Renner-Teller splitting in Delta symmetry. Two color double resonance spectroscopy via the A (1)Pi(u) state was employed to experimentally probe an extensive range of vibronic levels in this D (1)Delta(g) state, covering all three modes of vibration of C(3). The analysis was supported by ab initio potential energy surface calculations on the C(3) radical to outline the lowest eight singlet electronic states. Two methods were used to analyze the Renner-Teller effect. The first method is an empirical Hamiltonian based on normal modes, using harmonic oscillator functions as a basis, with Renner-Teller and other terms added as required, which allows conventional vibrational parameters to be determined. The second is a much larger program that uses the exact kinetic energy operator for a triatomic molecule to calculate vibronic energy levels directly from the Renner-Teller pair of potential energy surfaces. Both methods give a good fit to the experimental results, with only a small adjustment to the ab initio surfaces required for the latter. One of the overall conclusions is that the Renner-Teller effect is rather smaller in the D (1)Delta(g) state than in the A (1)Pi(u) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshana Saha
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Zhang G, Chen KS, Merer AJ, Hsu YC, Chen WJ, Shaji S, Liao YA. The 4051-Angstroms band of C3 (A 1Piu-X 1Sigmag +, 000-000): perturbed low-J lines and lifetime measurements. J Chem Phys 2007; 122:244308. [PMID: 16035758 DOI: 10.1063/1.1928827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational analyses have been carried out at high resolution for the 000-000 and 000-100 bands of the A (1)Pi(u)-X (1)Sigma(g) (+) transition of supersonic jet-cooled C(3). Two different spectra have been recorded for each band, using time gatings of 20-150 and 800-2300 ns. At the shorter time delay the spectra show only the lines observed by many previous workers. At the longer time delay many extra lines appear, some of which have been observed previously by [McCall et al.Chem. Phys. Lett. 374, 583 (2003)] in cavity ring-down spectra of jet-cooled C(3). Detailed analysis of these extra lines shows that at least two long-lived states perturb the A (1)Pi(u), 000 state. One of these appears to be a (3)Sigma(u) (-) vibronic state, which may possibly be a high vibrational level of the b (3)Pi(g) state, and the other appears to be a P = 1 state with a low rotational constant B. Our spectra also confirm the reassignment by McCall et al. of the R(0) line of the 000-000 band, which is consistent with the spectra recorded towards a number of stars that indicate the presence of C(3) in the interstellar medium. Fluorescence lifetimes have been measured for a number of upper-state rotational levels. The rotational levels of the A (1)Pi(u) state have lifetimes in the range of 230-190 ns, decreasing slightly with J; the levels of the perturbing states have much longer lifetimes, with some of them showing biexponential decays. An improved value has been obtained for the nu(1) vibrational frequency of the ground state, nu(1) = 1224.4933 +/- 0.0029 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiu Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Abstract
In this work, we present ab initio calculations for the potential energy surfaces of C(3) in different electronic configurations, including the singlet ground state [X (1)Sigma(g) (+),((1)A(1))], the triplet ground state [a (3)Pi(u),((3)B(1), (3)A(1))], and some higher excited states. The geometries studied include triangular shapes with two identical bond lengths, but different bond angles between them. For the singlet and triplet ground states in the linear geometry, the total energies resulting from the mixed density functional--Hartree-Fock and quadratic configuration interaction methods reproduce the experimental values, i.e., the triplet occurs 2.1 eV above the singlet. In the geometry of an equilateral triangle, we find a low-lying triplet state with an energy of only 0.8 eV above the energy of the singlet in the linear configuration, so that the triangular geometry yields the lowest excited state of C(3). For the higher excited states up to about 8 eV above the ground state, we apply time-dependent density functional theory. Even though the systematic error produced by this approach is of the order of 0.4 eV, the results give different prospective to insight into the potential energy landscape for higher excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terentyev
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves for C(3) molecules produced by laser ablation are measured from 11.0 to 13.5 eV with tunable vacuum ultraviolet undulator radiation. A step in the PIE curve versus photon energy, obtained with N(2) as the carrier gas, supports the conclusion of very effective cooling of C(3) to its linear (1)Sigma(g)(+) ground state. The second step observed in the PIE curve versus photon energy could be the first experimental evidence of the C(3)(+)((2)Sigma(g)(+)) excited state. The experimental results, complemented by ab initio calculations, suggest a state-to-state vertical ionization energy of 11.70 +/- 0.05 eV between the C(3)(X(1)Sigma(g)(+)) and the C(3)(+)(X(2)Sigma(u)(+)) states. An ionization energy of 11.61 +/- 0.07 eV between the neutral and ionic ground states of C(3) is deduced using the data together with our calculations. Accurate ab initio calculations are performed for both linear and bent geometries on the lowest doublet electronic states of C(3)(+) using Configuration Interaction (CI) approaches and large basis sets. These calculations confirm that C(3)(+) is bent in its electronic ground state, which is separated by a small potential barrier from the (2)Sigma(u)(+) minimum. The gradual increase at the onset of the PIE curve suggests a geometry change between the ground neutral and cationic states. The energies between several doublet states of the ion are theoretically determined to be 0.81, 1.49, and 1.98 eV between the (2)Sigma(u)(+) and the (2)Sigma(g)(+),( 2)Pi(u), (2)Pi(g) excited states of C(3)(+), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nicolas
- Chemical Sciences Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Zhang G, Lin BG, Wen SM, Hsu YC. The C3-bending levels of the C3-Ar complex studied by optical spectroscopy and ab initio calculation. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:3189-200. [PMID: 15268472 DOI: 10.1063/1.1641017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The A-X electronic transition of C3-Ar, near 405 nm, has been studied by both laser-induced fluorescence and wavelength-resolved emission techniques. Emission spectra have been recorded from 14 vibrational levels of the A state of C3-Ar; these spectra consist of progressions in the ground state v2 and v4 vibrations (the in- and out-of-plane C3-bending motions, respectively). With increasing bending excitation, these ground state levels shift progressively downwards compared to those of free C3, indicating that the van der Waals complexes are becoming more tightly bound. The level structure of the two vibrations of C3-Ar has been fitted to a perturbed harmonic oscillator model, where the potential function has the form V = V1r cos theta + V2r2 cos 2theta (r is the amplitude of the C3-bending motion and theta gives the orientation of the rare gas atom relative to the plane of the bent C3 molecule). Ab initio calculations have been carried out for C3-Ar at the coupled-cluster singles, doubles (and triples)/correlation consistent polarization valence quadruple-zeta level. They predict that the C3-Ar complex is nearly T shaped at equilibrium, and that as the C3 molecule bends away from the linear configuration, the preferred orientation is "arrow" shaped. From the results of the best fit to the model and the emission spectral intensities, the relative orientation of the out-of-plane pi electron of the A-state complex and the Ar atom has been estimated. No bands of the Ar complex were found near the C3, A-X, (0,0) band, consistent with the fact that the A 1Piu, upsilon = 0 level of free C3 is strongly perturbed by triplet levels. In the excitation spectra of the Ar complex, the bands with upsilonb' > 0 show redshifts of about 16-36 cm(-1) compared to those of free C3, indicating that the A-state complex in these levels is more tightly bonded than the X-state complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiu Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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McAnoy AM, Dua S, Schröder D, Bowie JH, Schwarz H. The formation of neutral CCC and its radical cation from the CCC radical anion in the gas phase. A joint experimental and theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b206400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Orden
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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18
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Čermák I, Förderer M, Čermáková I, Kalhofer S, Stopka-Ebeler H, Monninger G, Krätschmer W. Laser-induced emission spectroscopy of matrix-isolated carbon molecules: Experimental setup and new results on C3. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tokaryk DW, Chomiak DE. Laser spectroscopy of C3: Stimulated emission and absorption spectra of the à 1Πu–X̃ 1Σg+ transition. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hwang C, Klassen S, Moazzen-ahmadi N, Tokaryk D. Infrared diode laser spectroscopy of C3: the ν3 band of the ã3Πu electronic state. Chem Phys Lett 1996; 250:273-8. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The pure carbon molecules Cn are currently of great experimental and theoretical interest. Our work in this area begins with detection of the SiC molecule, which is isovalent with C2. New infrared electronic transitions of C2 and C3 were discovered by emission spectroscopy of hydrocarbon dicharges. The C3 and C5 molecules were found by infrared vibration-rotation spectroscopy of the prototypical obscured carbon star, IRC+10216. C7 and C9 were searched for in the same source, but not found. The laboratory infrared emission spectrum of C60 was recorded to aid in a search for C60 in extraterrestrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Bernath
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Waterloo, Canada
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24
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Smith AM, Agreiter J, Härtle M, Engel C, Bondybey VE. Rare gas matrix studies of absorption and fluorescence of reactive intermediates formed in discharges through acetylene. Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Smith AM, Agreiter J, Engel C, Bondybey VE. FT-IR studies of optically pumped C3 in rare gas matrices. The vibrational and electronic absorption spectrum of the ã 3Πu state. Chem Phys Lett 1993; 207:531-9. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)89043-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zajfman D, Feldman H, Heber O, Kella D, Majer D, Vager Z, Naaman R. Electron Photodetachment Cross Sections of Small Carbon Clusters: Evidence for Nonlinear Isomers. Science 1992; 258:1129-31. [PMID: 17789083 DOI: 10.1126/science.258.5085.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Absolute cross sections for photodetachment of negative carbon clusters are reported for Cn (n = 3, ..., 8). The results indicate that various neutral isomers exist, some with electron affinities as low as 1 electron volt. The method of production plays an important role in the characteristics of carbon clusters.
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Arnold DW, Bradforth SE, Kitsopoulos TN, Neumark DM. Vibrationally resolved spectra of C2–C11 by anion photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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