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Li Y, Cao P, Zhang P, Yang H, Zhu X, Guo R. Design and Development of a Hair-like Sensor with Bridge-Type Flexible Amplification Mechanisms. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7354. [PMID: 37687808 PMCID: PMC10490522 DOI: 10.3390/s23177354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared with lever-type amplification mechanisms, bridge-type flexible amplification mechanisms have advantages in terms of amplification ratio and structural compactness. Therefore, they can effectively replace the lever-type amplification mechanism in the existing hair-like sensors and realize the development of miniature hair-like sensors with high sensitivity. With that in mind, a highly sensitive hair-like sensor based on a bridge-type amplification mechanism with distributed flexibility is presented to measure the airflow rate. First, the structural composition and operating principle of the hair-like sensor are described. Then, detailed design and analysis of the hair-like sensor are carried out, focusing on the design of the hair post structure, amplification mechanism, and resonator. Furthermore, the designed hair-like sensor is processed and prepared, and some experimental studies are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed hair-like sensor can measure the airflow rate with high sensitivity up to 8.56 Hz/(m/s)2. This provides a new concept for the structural design of hair-like sensors and expands the application of bridge-type flexible amplification mechanisms in the field of micro/nano sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Li
- Institute for Smart Ageing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (H.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Pei Cao
- Institute for Smart Ageing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (H.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China;
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute for Smart Ageing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (H.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Institute for Smart Ageing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (H.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ruihua Guo
- Institute for Smart Ageing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (H.Y.); (X.Z.)
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Yousuf S, Mahmoud Halabi J, Tahir I, Ahmed E, Rezgui R, Li L, Laws P, Daqaq M, Naumov P. Elastic Organic Crystals as Bioinspired Hair-Like Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217329. [PMID: 36575895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the typical haptic elements are natural hairy structures that animals and plants rely on for feedback. Although these hair sensors are an admirable inspiration, the development of active flow sensing components having low elastic moduli and high aspect ratios remains a challenge. Here, we report a new sensing approach based on a flexible, thin and optically transmissive organic crystal of high aspect ratio, which is stamped with fluorescent dye for tracking. When subjected to gas flow and exposed to laser, the crystal bends due to exerted pressure and acts as an optical flow (hair) sensor with low detection limit (≈1.578 m s-1 ) and fast response time (≈2.70 s). The air-flow-induced crystal deformation and flow dynamics response are modelled by finite element analysis. Due to having a simple design and being lightweight and mechanically robust this prototypical crystal hair-like sensor opens prospects for a new class of sensing devices ranging from wearable electronics to aeronautics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Yousuf
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jad Mahmoud Halabi
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Tahir
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachid Rezgui
- New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Science and Engineering Department, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 38044, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Praveen Laws
- Laboratory of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Daqaq
- Laboratory of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia.,Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Li C, Han C, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Li B. Research on micro-leverage in monolithic quartz resonant accelerometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:025005. [PMID: 33648126 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the application of micro-leverage in the monolithically all-quartz resonant accelerometer is proposed. The magnification of the micro-leverage structure used for a large size double-ended tuning fork (DETF) was analyzed. The effect of DETF's dimension both on its own force-frequency sensitivity and micro-leverage's magnification was investigated. Through the study of the relationship between DETF's force-frequency sensitivity and micro-leverage's magnification, the effect of micro-leverage and the DETF system on the sensitivity of the accelerometer was obtained. The problem of big error in theoretical calculation of micro-leverage magnification was solved because the structural arrangement of the output beam was ignored in the derivation process. The correctness of the analysis was verified by theoretical calculation, simulation, and the experiment. The equivalent structures of tension (compression) stiffness and flexural stiffness of the micro-leverage output beam were obtained by analyzing and simplifying the composite structure of the link beam and DETF. By simplifying the mechanical model of micro-leverage, the amplification factor K of micro-leverage is deduced to be 23. Therefore, the theoretical sensitivity of the sensor is 15.6 Hz/g. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the accelerometer with the micro-leverage is 16.1 Hz/g, which is close to the theoretical analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Liang Z, Guo X, Yang B, Zhang T. Design and Characterization of a Novel Biaxial Bionic Hair Flow Sensor Based on Resonant Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4483. [PMID: 32796667 DOI: 10.3390/s20164483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the design, theoretical analysis, simulation verification, fabrication and prototype characterization of a novel biaxial bionic hair flow sensor based on resonant sensing. Firstly, the device architecture, mainly consists of a polymer hair post, a silicon micro signal transducer and a glass substrate, is described, the theoretical simplified model is established and the mechanical sensitivity to air flow is deducted. Then, the structure simulations based on Ansys software are implemented to preliminarily verify the feasibility of the proposed sensor conception and optimize the structure parameters simultaneously. Subsequently, a closed-loop control scheme based on digital phase-locked loop and an amplitude demodulation algorithm of oscillatory flow velocity based on the least mean square method are proposed to transform and extract the air flow signal, and then verify it by circuit simulations based on SIMULINK. Finally, the fabricated prototype is illustrated and comprehensively tested. The tested prototype possesses an x-axis scale factor of 1.56 Hz/(m/s)2 and a y-axis scale factor of 1.81 Hz/(m/s)2 for the steady air flow and an x-axis detection threshold of 43.27 mm/s and a y-axis detection threshold of 41.85 mm/s for the oscillatory air flow.
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Yang B, Zhang T, Liang Z, Lu C. Research on an Artificial Lateral Line System Based on a Bionic Hair Sensor with Resonant Readout. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:mi10110736. [PMID: 31671895 PMCID: PMC6915608 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the lateral line system of fish, an artificial lateral line system based on bionic hair sensor with resonant readout is presented in this paper. An artificial lateral line system, which possesses great application potential in the field of gas flow visualization, includes two different sensors: a superficial neuromast and a canal neuromast flow velocity sensor, which are used to measure the constant and oscillatory air flow velocity, respectively. The sensitive mechanism of two artificial lateral line sensors is analyzed, and a finite element simulation is implemented to verify the structural design. Then the control circuit of the artificial lateral line system is designed, employing a demodulation algorithm of oscillatory signal based on the least mean square error algorithm, which is used to calculate the oscillatory air flow velocity. Finally, the experiments are implemented to assess the performance of the two artificial lateral line systems. The experimental results show that the artificial lateral line system, which can be used to measure the constant and oscillatory air flow velocity, has a minimum threshold of 0.785 mm/s in the measurement of oscillatory air flow velocity. Moreover, the artificial canal neuromast lateral line system can filter out low-frequency disturbance and has good sensitivity for high-frequency flow velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhuoyue Liang
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Chengfu Lu
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China.
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