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Dombrowski DR, Schulz T, Kleinschmidt M, Marian CM. R2022: A DFT/MRCI Ansatz with Improved Performance for Double Excitations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2011-2025. [PMID: 36799533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A reformulation of the combined density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction method (DFT/MRCI) is presented. Expressions for ab initio matrix elements are used to derive correction terms for a new effective Hamiltonian. On the example of diatomic carbon, the correction terms are derived, focusing on the doubly excited 1Δg state, which was problematic in previous formulations of the method, as were double excitations in general. The derivation shows that a splitting of the parameters for intra- and interorbital interactions is necessary for a concise description of the underlying physics. Results for 1La and 1Lb states in polyacenes and 1Au and 1Ag states in mini-β-carotenoids suggest that the presented formulation is superior to former effective Hamiltonians. Furthermore, statistical analysis reveals that all the benefits of the previous DFT/MRCI Hamiltonians are retained. Consequently, the here presented formulation should be considered as the new standard for DFT/MRCI calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Dombrowski
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo Schulz
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Seidu I, Neville SP, MacDonell RJ, Schuurman MS. Resolving competing conical intersection pathways: time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy of trans-1,3-butadiene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:1345-1354. [PMID: 34935809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy is emerging as a uniquely powerful tool to probe coupled electronic-nuclear dynamics in photo-excited molecules. Theoretical studies to date have established that time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy is an atom-specific probe of excited-state wave packet passage through a seam of conical intersections (CIs). However, in many molecular systems, there are competing dynamical pathways involving CIs of different electronic and nuclear character. Discerning these pathways remains an important challenge. Here, we demonstrate that time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TRXAS) has the potential to resolve competing channels in excited-state non-adiabatic dynamics. Using the example of 1,3-butadiene, we show how TRXAS discerns the different electronic structures associated with passage through multiple conical intersections. trans-1,3-Butadiene exhibits a branching between polarized and radicaloid pathways associated with ethylenic "twisted-pyramidalized" and excited-state cis-trans isomerization dynamics, respectively. The differing electronic structures along these pathways give rise to different XAS signals, indicating the possibility of resolving them. Furthermore, this indicates that XAS, and other core-level spectroscopic techniques, offer the appealing prospect of directly probing the effects of selective chemical substitution and its ability to affect chemical control over excited-state molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Seidu
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Simon P Neville
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Ryan J MacDonell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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3
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Abstract
The combined density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) method is a powerful tool for the calculation of excited electronic states of large molecules. There exists, however, a large amount of superfluous configurations in a typical DFT/MRCI wave function. We show that this deadwood may be effectively removed using a simple configuration pruning algorithm based on second-order Epstein-Nesbet perturbation theory. The resulting method, which we denote p-DFT/MRCI, is shown to result in orders of magnitude saving in computational timings, while retaining the accuracy of the original DFT/MRCI method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Neville
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Forbes R, Neville SP, Larsen MAB, Röder A, Boguslavskiy AE, Lausten R, Schuurman MS, Stolow A. Vacuum Ultraviolet Excited State Dynamics of the Smallest Ketone: Acetone. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8541-8547. [PMID: 34464141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We combined tunable vacuum-ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (VUV-TRPES) with high-level quantum dynamics simulations to disentangle multistate Rydberg-valence dynamics in acetone. A femtosecond 8.09 eV pump pulse was tuned to the sharp origin of the A1(n3dyz) band. The ensuing dynamics were tracked with a femtosecond 6.18 eV probe pulse, permitting TRPES of multiple excited Rydberg and valence states. Quantum dynamics simulations reveal coherent multistate Rydberg-valence dynamics, precluding simple kinetic modeling of the TRPES spectrum. Unambiguous assignment of all involved Rydberg states was enabled via the simulation of their photoelectron spectra. The A1(ππ*) state, although strongly participating, is likely undetectable with probe photon energies ≤8 eV and a key intermediate, the A2(nπ*) state, is detected here for the first time. Our dynamics modeling rationalizes the temporal behavior of all photoelectron transients, allowing us to propose a mechanism for VUV-excited dynamics in acetone which confers a key role to the A2(nπ*) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruaridh Forbes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Simon P Neville
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Martin A B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen ø, Denmark
| | - Anja Röder
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andrey E Boguslavskiy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rune Lausten
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Joint Centre for Extreme Photonics, University of Ottawa - National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1N 5A2, Canada
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Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Tok GC, Reiter S, Freiberg ATS, Reinschlüssel L, Gasteiger HA, de Vivie-Riedle R, Hess CR. H 2 Evolution from Electrocatalysts with Redox-Active Ligands: Mechanistic Insights from Theory and Experiment vis-à-vis Co-Mabiq. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13888-13902. [PMID: 34297556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogen production via transition metal complexes offers a promising approach for chemical energy storage. Optimal platforms to effectively control the proton and electron transfer steps en route to H2 evolution still need to be established, and redox-active ligands could play an important role in this context. In this study, we explore the role of the redox-active Mabiq (Mabiq = 2-4:6-8-bis(3,3,4,4-tetramethlyldihydropyrrolo)-10-15-(2,2-biquinazolino)-[15]-1,3,5,8,10,14-hexaene1,3,7,9,11,14-N6) ligand in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Using spectro-electrochemical studies in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations, we identified two precatalytic intermediates formed upon the addition of two electrons and one proton to [CoII(Mabiq)(THF)](PF6) (CoMbq). We further examined the acid strength effect on the generation of the intermediates. The generation of the first intermediate, CoMbq-H1, involves proton addition to the bridging imine-nitrogen atom of the ligand and requires strong proton activity. The second intermediate, CoMbq-H2, acquires a proton at the diketiminate carbon for which a weaker proton activity is sufficient. We propose two decoupled H2 evolution pathways based on these two intermediates, which operate at different overpotentials. Our results show how the various protonation sites of the redox-active Mabiq ligand affect the energies and activities of HER intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ceren Tok
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Anna T S Freiberg
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Leonhard Reinschlüssel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hubert A Gasteiger
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Regina de Vivie-Riedle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Corinna R Hess
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Shaw RA, Manian A, Lyskov I, Russo SP. Efficient enumeration of bosonic configurations with applications to the calculation of non-radiative rates. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084102. [PMID: 33639737 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents algorithms for the efficient enumeration of configuration spaces following Boltzmann-like statistics, with example applications to the calculation of non-radiative rates, and an open-source implementation. Configuration spaces are found in several areas of physics, particularly wherever there are energy levels that possess variable occupations. In bosonic systems, where there are no upper limits on the occupation of each level, enumeration of all possible configurations is an exceptionally hard problem. We look at the case where the levels need to be filled to satisfy an energy criterion, for example, a target excitation energy, which is a type of knapsack problem as found in combinatorics. We present analyses of the density of configuration spaces in arbitrary dimensions and how particular forms of kernel can be used to envelope the important regions. In this way, we arrive at three new algorithms for enumeration of such spaces that are several orders of magnitude more efficient than the naive brute force approach. Finally, we show how these can be applied to the particular case of internal conversion rates in a selection of molecules and discuss how a stochastic approach can, in principle, reduce the computational complexity to polynomial time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Shaw
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anjay Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Igor Lyskov
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Neville
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Issaka Seidu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael S. Schuurman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Seidu I, Neville SP, Kleinschmidt M, Heil A, Marian CM, Schuurman MS. The simulation of X-ray absorption spectra from ground and excited electronic states using core-valence separated DFT/MRCI. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144104. [PMID: 31615239 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an extension of the combined density functional theory (DFT) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method (DFT/MRCI) [S. Grimme and M. Waletzke, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 5645 (1999)] for the calculation of core-excited states based on the core-valence separation (CVS) approximation. The resulting method, CVS-DFT/MRCI, is validated via the simulation of the K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of 40 organic chromophores, amino acids, and nucleobases, ranging in size from CO2 to tryptophan. Overall, the CVS-DFT/MRCI method is found to yield accurate X-ray absorption spectra (XAS), with consistent errors in peak positions of ∼2.5-3.5 eV. Additionally, we show that the CVS-DFT/MRCI method may be employed to simulate XAS from valence excited states and compare the simulated spectra to those computed using the established wave function-based approaches [ADC(2) and ADC(2)x]. In general, each of the methods yields excited state XAS spectra in qualitative and often quantitative agreement. In the instances where the methods differ, the CVS-DFT/MRCI simulations predict intensity for transitions for which the underlying electronic states are characterized by doubly excited configurations relative to the ground state configuration. Here, we aim to demonstrate that the CVS-DFT/MRCI approach occupies a specific niche among numerous other electronic structure methods in this area, offering the ability to treat initial states of arbitrary electronic character while maintaining a low computational cost and comparatively black box usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Seidu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Simon P Neville
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsselddorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adrian Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsselddorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsselddorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Heil A, Marian CM. Erratum: “DFT/MRCI Hamiltonian for odd and even numbers of electrons” [J. Chem. Phys. 147, 194104 (2017)]. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:219902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Heil A, Marian CM. DFT/MRCI-R2018 study of the photophysics of the zinc(ii) tripyrrindione radical: non-Kasha emission? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19857-19867. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence of a radical-based emitter has been theoretically investigated after measurements had shown absorption bands to lie below the emission energy. The results of the all-multiplicity DFT/MRCI-R2018 study indicate D3 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Heil
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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Heil A, Kleinschmidt M, Marian CM. On the performance of DFT/MRCI Hamiltonians for electronic excitations in transition metal complexes: The role of the damping function. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:164106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5050476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computaional Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computaional Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computaional Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Adrian Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
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Abstract
We review state-of-the-art electronic structure methods based both on wave function theory (WFT) and density functional theory (DFT). Strengths and limitations of both the wave function and density functional based approaches are discussed, and modern attempts to combine these two methods are presented. The challenges in modeling excited-state chemistry using both single-reference and multireference methods are described. Topics covered include background, combining density functional theory with single-configuration wave function theory, generalized Kohn-Sham (KS) theory, global hybrids, range-separated hybrids, local hybrids, using KS orbitals in many-body theory (including calculations of the self-energy and the GW approximation), Bethe-Salpeter equation, algorithms to accelerate GW calculations, combining DFT with multiconfigurational WFT, orbital-dependent correlation functionals based on multiconfigurational WFT, building multiconfigurational wave functions from KS configurations, adding correlation functionals to multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (MCSCF) energies, combining DFT with configuration-interaction singles by means of time-dependent DFT, using range separation to combine DFT with MCSCF, embedding multiconfigurational WFT in DFT, and multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Pragya Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
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