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Ryu V, Gumerova A, Witztum R, Korkmaz F, Kannangara H, Moldavski O, Barak O, Lizneva D, Goosens KA, Stanley S, Kim SM, Yuen T, Zaidi M. An Atlas of Brain-Bone Sympathetic Neural Circuits. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.07.579382. [PMID: 38370676 PMCID: PMC10871366 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
There is clear evidence that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mediates bone metabolism. Histological studies show abundant SNS innervation of the periosteum and bone marrow--these nerves consist of noradrenergic fibers that immunostain for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta hydroxylase, or neuropeptide Y. Nonetheless, the brain sites that send efferent SNS outflow to bone have not yet been characterized. Using pseudorabies (PRV) viral transneuronal tracing, we report, for the first time, the identification of central SNS outflow sites that innervate bone. We find that the central SNS outflow to bone originates from 87 brain nuclei, sub-nuclei and regions of six brain divisions, namely the midbrain and pons, hypothalamus, hindbrain medulla, forebrain, cerebral cortex, and thalamus. We also find that certain sites, such as the raphe magnus (RMg) of the medulla and periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the midbrain, display greater degrees of PRV152 infection, suggesting that there is considerable site-specific variation in the levels of central SNS outflow to bone. This comprehensive compendium illustrating the central coding and control of SNS efferent signals to bone should allow for a greater understanding of the neural regulation of bone metabolism, and importantly and of clinical relevance, mechanisms for central bone pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ryu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Anisa Gumerova
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ronit Witztum
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Hasni Kannangara
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ofer Moldavski
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Orly Barak
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ki A. Goosens
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sarah Stanley
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Tony Yuen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (CeTMaP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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Kalyanaraman H, Casteel DE, China SP, Zhuang S, Boss GR, Pilz RB. A plasma membrane-associated form of the androgen receptor enhances nuclear androgen signaling in osteoblasts and prostate cancer cells. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi7861. [PMID: 38289986 PMCID: PMC10916501 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgen binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in the cytoplasm induces the AR to translocate to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of target genes. Here, we found that androgens rapidly activated a plasma membrane-associated signaling node that enhanced nuclear AR functions. In murine primary osteoblasts, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to a membrane-associated form of AR stimulated plasma membrane-associated protein kinase G type 2 (PKG2), leading to the activation of multiple kinases, including ERK. Phosphorylation of AR at Ser515 by ERK increased the nuclear accumulation and binding of AR to the promoter of Ctnnb1, which encodes the transcription factor β-catenin. In male mouse osteoblasts and human prostate cancer cells, DHT induced the expression of Ctnnb1 and CTNN1B, respectively, as well as β-catenin target genes, stimulating the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of osteoblasts and the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in a PKG2-dependent fashion. Because β-catenin is a master regulator of skeletal homeostasis, these results explain the reported male-specific osteoporotic phenotype of mice lacking PKG2 in osteoblasts and imply that PKG2-dependent AR signaling is essential for maintaining bone mass in vivo. Our results suggest that widely used pharmacological PKG activators, such as sildenafil, could be beneficial for male and estrogen-deficient female patients with osteoporosis but detrimental in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darren E. Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shyamsundar Pal China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shunhui Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Renate B. Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Elverson K, Warwicker J, Freeman S, Manson F. Tadalafil Rescues the p.M325T Mutant of Best1 Chloride Channel. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083317. [PMID: 37110551 PMCID: PMC10142963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bestrophin 1 (Best1) is a chloride channel that localises to the plasma membrane of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Mutations in the BEST1 gene are associated with a group of untreatable inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) called bestrophinopathies, caused by protein instability and loss-of-function of the Best1 protein. 4PBA and 2-NOAA have been shown to rescue the function, expression, and localisation of Best1 mutants; however, it is of interest to find more potent analogues as the concentration of the drugs required is too high (2.5 mM) to be given therapeutically. A virtual docking model of the COPII Sec24a site, where 4PBA has been shown to bind, was generated and a library of 1416 FDA-approved compounds was screened at the site. The top binding compounds were tested in vitro in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments of HEK293T cells expressing mutant Best1. The application of 25 μM tadalafil resulted in full rescue of Cl- conductance, comparable to wild type Best1 levels, for p.M325T mutant Best1 but not for p.R141H or p.L234V mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Elverson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jim Warwicker
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Forbes Manson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important intracellular second messenger, mediates cellular functional responses in all vital organs. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the 11 members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family that specifically targets cGMP generated by nitric oxide-driven activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil and tadalafil, are widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and certain urological disorders. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, cancer and anticancer-drug-associated cardiotoxicity, diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and other aging-related conditions. Many clinical trials with PDE5 inhibitors have focused on the potential cardiovascular, anticancer, and neurological benefits. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on PDE5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic indications for various clinical disorders beyond erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Samidurai
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
| | - Lei Xi
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA;
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Zaidi M, Kim SM, Mathew M, Korkmaz F, Sultana F, Miyashita S, Gumerova AA, Frolinger T, Moldavski O, Barak O, Pallapati A, Rojekar S, Caminis J, Ginzburg Y, Ryu V, Davies TF, Lizneva D, Rosen CJ, Yuen T. Bone circuitry and interorgan skeletal crosstalk. eLife 2023; 12:83142. [PMID: 36656634 PMCID: PMC9851618 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone integrity in disease. Recent breakthroughs have arisen mainly from identifying disease-causing mutations and modeling human bone disease in rodents, in essence, highlighting the integrative nature of skeletal physiology. It has become increasingly clear that bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, communicate and regulate the fate of each other through RANK/RANKL/OPG, liver X receptors (LXRs), EphirinB2-EphB4 signaling, sphingolipids, and other membrane-associated proteins, such as semaphorins. Mounting evidence also showed that critical developmental pathways, namely, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), NOTCH, and WNT, interact each other and play an important role in postnatal bone remodeling. The skeleton communicates not only with closely situated organs, such as bone marrow, muscle, and fat, but also with remote vital organs, such as the kidney, liver, and brain. The metabolic effect of bone-derived osteocalcin highlights a possible role of skeleton in energy homeostasis. Furthermore, studies using genetically modified rodent models disrupting the reciprocal relationship with tropic pituitary hormone and effector hormone have unraveled an independent role of pituitary hormone in skeletal remodeling beyond the role of regulating target endocrine glands. The cytokine-mediated skeletal actions and the evidence of local production of certain pituitary hormones by bone marrow-derived cells displays a unique endocrine-immune-skeletal connection. Here, we discuss recently elucidated mechanisms controlling the remodeling of bone, communication of bone cells with cells of other lineages, crosstalk between bone and vital organs, as well as opportunities for treating diseases of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Mehr Mathew
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Farhath Sultana
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sari Miyashita
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anisa Azatovna Gumerova
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tal Frolinger
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ofer Moldavski
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Orly Barak
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anusha Pallapati
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Satish Rojekar
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Caminis
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Terry F Davies
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Daria Lizneva
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Medicine, and Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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Clark AR, Mauntel TC, Goldman SM, Dearth CL. Repurposing existing products to accelerate injury recovery (REPAIR) of military relevant musculoskeletal conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1105599. [PMID: 36698630 PMCID: PMC9868163 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are a great hindrance to the readiness of the United States Armed Forces through lost duty time and reduced operational capabilities. While most musculoskeletal injuries result in return-to-duty/activity with no (functional) limitations, the healing process is often long. Long healing times coupled with the high frequency of musculoskeletal injuries make them a primary cause of lost/limited duty days. Thus, there exists an urgent, clinically unmet need for interventions to expedite tissue healing kinetics following musculoskeletal injuries to lessen their impact on military readiness and society as a whole. There exist several treatments with regulatory approval for other indications that have pro-regenerative/healing properties, but few have an approved indication for treating musculoskeletal injuries. With the immediate need for treatment options for musculoskeletal injuries, we propose a paradigm of Repurposing Existing Products to Accelerate Injury Recovery (REPAIR). Developing treatments via repurposing existing therapeutics for other indications has shown monumental advantages in both cost effectiveness and reduced time to bring to market compared to novel candidates. Thus, undertaking the needed research efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of promising REPAIR-themed candidates has the potential to enable near-term solutions for optimizing musculoskeletal injuries recovery, thereby addressing a top priority within the United States. Armed Forces. Herein, the REPAIR paradigm is presented, including example targets of opportunity as well as practical considerations for potential technical solutions for the translation of existing therapeutics into clinical practice for musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Clark
- Research and Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, United States,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences—Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Timothy C Mauntel
- Research and Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, United States,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences—Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States,Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, United States
| | - Stephen M Goldman
- Research and Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, United States,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences—Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher L. Dearth
- Research and Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, United States,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences—Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Christopher L. Dearth,
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Kalyanaraman H, China SP, Cabriales JA, Moininazeri J, Casteel DE, Garcia JJ, Wong VW, Chen A, Sah RL, Boss GR, Pilz RB. Protein Kinase G2 Is Essential for Skeletal Homeostasis and Adaptation to Mechanical Loading in Male but Not Female Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:171-185. [PMID: 36371651 PMCID: PMC9825661 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that the NO/cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway positively regulates osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and survival in vitro, and that cGMP-elevating agents have bone-anabolic effects in mice. Here, we generated mice with an osteoblast-specific (OB) knockout (KO) of type 2 PKG (gene name Prkg2) using a Col1a1(2.3 kb)-Cre driver. Compared to wild type (WT) littermates, 8-week-old male OB Prkg2-KO mice had fewer osteoblasts, reduced bone formation rates, and lower trabecular and cortical bone volumes. Female OB Prkg2-KO littermates showed no bone abnormalities, despite the same degree of PKG2 deficiency in bone. Expression of osteoblast differentiation- and Wnt/β-catenin-related genes was lower in primary osteoblasts and bones of male KO but not female KO mice compared to WT littermates. Osteoclast parameters were unaffected in both sexes. Since PKG2 is part of a mechano-sensitive complex in osteoblast membranes, we examined its role during mechanical loading. Cyclical compression of the tibia increased cortical thickness and induced mechanosensitive and Wnt/β-catenin-related genes to a similar extent in male and female WT mice and female OB Prkg2-KO mice, but loading had a minimal effect in male KO mice. We conclude that PKG2 drives bone acquisition and adaptation to mechanical loading via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in male mice. The striking sexual dimorphism of OB Prkg2-KO mice suggests that current U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved cGMP-elevating agents may represent novel effective treatment options for male osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These two authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Shyamsundar Pal China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These two authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Justin A. Cabriales
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jafar Moininazeri
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darren E. Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julian J. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Van W. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Albert Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert L. Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Renate B. Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Yang K, Li J, Tao L. Purine metabolism in the development of osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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Greco EA, Antinozzi C, Di Luigi L, Aversa A, Sgrò P. Tadalafil and Steroid Hormones Interactions in Adipose, Bone and Prostate Tissues: Focus on Translational Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4191. [PMID: 35457011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and/or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) -associated symptoms. Besides its classical actions on PDE5 within the genitourinary tract, where the specific enzyme expression is maximal, it may exert different systemic effects. This is mainly due to the pleiotropic distribution of PDE5 enzyme throughout the human (and animal) body, where it can exert protective effects in different clinical conditions. Recently, it has been demonstrated that tadalafil may display novel actions on androgen receptor (AR) expression and activity and cytochrome P19a1 (Cyp19a1) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression in different in vitro systems, such as adipose, bone and prostate cancer cells, where it can act as a selective modulator of steroid hormone production. This may determine novel potential mechanism(s) of control in pathophysiologic pathways. In this review, we summarize basic research and translational results applicable to the use of tadalafil in the treatment of obesity, bone loss and prostate cancer.
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Abstract
With the progress of the aging population, bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have become urgent problems. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of osteoclasts in bone homeostasis, implying these will be an important mediator in the treatment of bone-related diseases. Up to now, several reviews have been performed on part of osteoclast biological behaviors such as differentiation, function, or apoptosis. However, few reviews have shown the complete osteoclast biology and research advances in recent years. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the origin, differentiation, apoptosis, behavior changes and coupling signals with osteoblasts, providing a simple but comprehensive overview of osteoclasts for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wiergowska G, Ludowicz D, Wdowiak K, Miklaszewski A, Lewandowska K, Cielecka-Piontek J. Combinations of Freeze-Dried Amorphous Vardenafil Hydrochloride with Saccharides as a Way to Enhance Dissolution Rate and Permeability. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:453. [PMID: 34064796 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve physicochemical properties of vardenafil hydrochloride (VAR), its amorphous form and combinations with excipients-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-were prepared. The impact of the modification on physicochemical properties was estimated by comparing amorphous mixtures of VAR to their crystalline form. The amorphous form of VAR was obtained as a result of the freeze-drying process. Confirmation of the identity of the amorphous dispersion of VAR was obtained through the use of comprehensive analysis techniques-X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), supported by FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The amorphous mixtures of VAR increased its apparent solubility compared to the crystalline form. Moreover, a nearly 1.3-fold increase of amorphous VAR permeability through membranes simulating gastrointestinal epithelium as a consequence of the changes of apparent solubility (Papp crystalline VAR = 6.83 × 10-6 cm/s vs. Papp amorphous VAR = 8.75 × 10-6 cm/s) was observed, especially for its combinations with β-CD in the ratio of 1:5-more than 1.5-fold increase (Papp amorphous VAR = 8.75 × 10-6 cm/s vs. Papp amorphous VAR:β-CD 1:5 = 13.43 × 10-6 cm/s). The stability of the amorphous VAR was confirmed for 7 months. The HPMC and β-CD are effective modifiers of its apparent solubility and permeation through membranes simulating gastrointestinal epithelium, suggesting a possibility of a stronger pharmacological effect.
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Porwal K, Pal S, Bhagwati S, Siddiqi MI, Chattopadhyay N. Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of osteoporosis: Scopes for therapeutic repurposing and discovery of new oral osteoanabolic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174015. [PMID: 33711307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are ubiquitously expressed enzymes that hydrolyze phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules including cAMP and cGMP. A wide range of drugs blocks one or more PDEs thereby preventing the inactivation of cAMP/cGMP. PDEs are differentially expressed in bone cells including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. Intracellular increases in cAMP/cGMP levels in osteoblasts result in osteogenic response. Acting via the type 1 PTH receptor, teriparatide and abaloparatide increase intracellular cAMP and induce osteoanabolic effect, and many PDE inhibitors mimic this effect in preclinical studies. Since all osteoanabolic drugs are injectable and that oral drugs are considered to improve the treatment adherence and persistence, osteogenic PDE inhibitors could be a promising alternative to the currently available osteogenic therapies and directly assessed clinically in drug repurposing mode. Similar to teriparatide/abaloparatide, PDE inhibitors while stimulating osteoblast function also promote osteoclast function through stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand production from osteoblasts. In this review, we critically discussed the effects of PDE inhibitors in bone cells from cellular signalling to a variety of preclinical models that evaluated the bone formation mechanisms. We identified pentoxifylline (a non-selective PDE inhibitor) and rolipram (a PDE4 selective inhibitor) being the most studied inhibitors with osteogenic effect in preclinical models of bone loss at ≤ human equivalent doses, which suggest their potential for post-menopausal osteoporosis treatment through therapeutic repurposing. Subsequently, we treated pentoxifylline and rolipram as prototypical osteogenic PDEs to predict new chemotypes via the computer-aided design strategies for new drugs, based on the structural biology of PDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Sudha Bhagwati
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10/1 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Mohd Imran Siddiqi
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10/1 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India.
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14
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Wisanwattana W, Wongkrajang K, Cao DY, Shi XK, Zhang ZH, Zhou ZY, Li F, Mei QG, Wang C, Suksamrarn A, Zhang GL, Wang F. Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 5 Promotes the Aromatase-Mediated Estrogen Biosynthesis in Osteoblastic Cells by Activation of cGMP/PKG/SHP2 Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636784. [PMID: 33776932 PMCID: PMC7995890 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation induces bone growth and remodeling by the secondary messenger, cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), in osteoblasts. However, the role of cGMP in the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis, whose deficiency is a major cause of osteoporosis, remains unclear. Here, we found that the prenylated flavonoids, 3-O-methoxymethyl-7-O-benzylicaritin (13), 7-O-benzylicaritin (14), and 4'-O-methyl-8-isopentylkaempferol (15), which were synthesized using icariin analogs, promoted estrogen biosynthesis in osteoblastic UMR106 cells, with calculated EC50 values of 1.53, 3.45, and 10.57 µM, respectively. 14 and 15 increased the expression level of the bone specific promoter I.4-driven aromatase, the only enzyme that catalyzes estrogen formation by using androgens as substrates, in osteoblastic cells. 14 inhibited phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), stimulated intracellular cGMP level and promoted osteoblast cell differentiation. Inhibition of cGMP dependent-protein kinase G (PKG) abolished the stimulatory effect of 14 on estrogen biosynthesis and osteoblast cell differentiation. Further, PKG activation by 14 stimulated the activity of SHP2 (Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2), thereby activating Src and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling and increasing ERK-dependent aromatase expression in osteoblasts. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role of cGMP in the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis in the bone. These results support the further development of 14 as a PKG-activating drug to mimic the anabolic effects of mechanical stimulation of bone in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisanee Wisanwattana
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kanjana Wongkrajang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Dong-yi Cao
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-ke Shi
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-hui Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zong-yuan Zhou
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-gang Mei
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Guo-lin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Wang, ; Guo-lin Zhang,
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Wang, ; Guo-lin Zhang,
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15
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Kim SM, Yuen T, Iqbal J, Rubin MR, Zaidi M. The NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in skeletal remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1487:21-30. [PMID: 32860248 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway plays a critical role in skeletal homeostasis. Preclinical data using NO and its donors and genetically modified mice demonstrated that NO was required in bone remodeling and partly mediated the anabolic effects of mechanical stimuli and estrogen. However, the off-target effects and tachyphylaxis of NO limit its long-term use, and previous clinical trials using organic nitrates for osteoporosis have been disappointing. Among the other components in the downstream pathway, targeting cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase to promote the NO-cGMP-PKG signal is a viable option. There are growing in vitro and in vivo data that, among many other PDE families, PDE5A is highly expressed in skeletal tissue, and inhibiting PDE5A using currently available PDE5A inhibitors might increase the osteoanabolic signal and protect the skeleton. These preclinical data open the possibility of repurposing PDE5A inhibitors for treating osteoporosis. Further research is needed to address the primary target bone cell of PDE5A inhibition, the contribution of direct and indirect effects of PDE5A inhibition, and the pathophysiological changes in skeletal PDE5A expression in aging and hypogonadal animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mishaela R Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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