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Vladitsi M, Nikolaou C, Kalogiouri NP, Samanidou VF. Analytical Methods for Nanomaterial Determination in Biological Matrices. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:61. [PMID: 35893587 DOI: 10.3390/mps5040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the three dimensions ranges from 1 to 100 nm, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Nanomaterials can be categorized according to various parameters, such as their source, their shape, and their origin. Their increasing use in industrial settings, everyday items, electronic devices, etc. poses an environmental and biological risk that needs to be assessed and appropriately addressed. The development of reliable analytical methods for both characterization and quantification of nanomaterials in various matrices is essential. This review summarized the recent trends in analytical methodologies for the characterization and determination of nanoparticles in biological matrices.
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Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection of chemical and biological analytes is critical in various scientific and technological fields. As an emerging class of multifunctional materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with their unique properties of chemical modularity, large surface area, high stability, low density, and tunable pore sizes and functionalities, which together define their programmable properties, show promise in advancing chemical detection. This review demonstrates the recent progress in chemical detection where COFs constitute an integral component of the achieved function. This review highlights how the unique properties of COFs can be harnessed to develop different types of chemical detection systems based on the principles of chromism, luminescence, electrical transduction, chromatography, spectrometry, and others to achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of various analytes, ranging from gases, volatiles, ions, to biomolecules. The key parameters of detection performance for target analytes are summarized, compared, and analyzed from the perspective of the detection mechanism and structure-property-performance correlations of COFs. Conclusions summarize the current accomplishments and analyze the challenges and limitations that exist for chemical detection under different mechanisms. Perspectives on how future directions of research can advance the COF-based chemical detection through innovation in novel COF design and synthesis, progress in device fabrication, and exploration of novel modes of detection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, 41 College Street, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, 41 College Street, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have attracted tremendous interest in the fabrication of highly sensitive electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors due to their higher stability and increased sensitivity than common DNA probes. The neutral pseudopeptide backbone of PNAs not only makes the PNA/DNA duplexes more stable but also provides many opportunities to construct ultrasensitive nucleic acid sensors. This review presents the details of various protocols for the construction of PNA-based electrochemical nucleic acid sensors. The crucial factors, origin, and development of PNA, immobilization methods of PNA probes and signal generation mechanisms, are discussed. This review aims to provide a reference for ultrasensitive PNA electrochemical biosensor preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Lai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yanke Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhengchun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Kaur N, Kaur R, Kaur R, Rana S. Synthesis of novel benzothiazole based fluorescent and redox-active organic nanoparticles for their application as selective and sensitive recognition of Fe3+ ions. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jeerapan I, Sonsa-ard T, Nacapricha D. Applying Nanomaterials to Modern Biomedical Electrochemical Detection of Metabolites, Electrolytes, and Pathogens. Chemosensors 2020; 8:71. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Personal biosensors and bioelectronics have been demonstrated for use in out-of-clinic biomedical devices. Such modern devices have the potential to transform traditional clinical analysis into a new approach, allowing patients or users to screen their own health or warning of diseases. Researchers aim to explore the opportunities of easy-to-wear and easy-to-carry sensors that would empower users to detect biomarkers, electrolytes, or pathogens at home in a rapid and easy way. This mobility would open the door for early diagnosis and personalized healthcare management to a wide audience. In this review, we focus on the recent progress made in modern electrochemical sensors, which holds promising potential to support point-of-care technologies. Key original research articles covered in this review are mainly experimental reports published from 2018 to 2020. Strategies for the detection of metabolites, ions, and viruses are updated in this article. The relevant challenges and opportunities of applying nanomaterials to support the fabrication of new electrochemical biosensors are also discussed. Finally, perspectives regarding potential benefits and current challenges of the technology are included. The growing area of personal biosensors is expected to push their application closer to a new phase of biomedical advancement.
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Jędrzak A, Rębiś T, Kuznowicz M, Kołodziejczak-radzimska A, Zdarta J, Piasecki A, Jesionowski T. Advanced Ga2O3/Lignin and ZrO2/Lignin Hybrid Microplatforms for Glucose Oxidase Immobilization: Evaluation of Biosensing Properties by Catalytic Glucose Oxidation. Catalysts 2019; 9:1044. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, novel Ga2O3/lignin and ZrO2/lignin hybrid materials were obtained and used as supports for the adsorption of the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx). A biosensor system based on the hybrid supports was then designed to determine the concentration of glucose in various solutions. The obtained bioinspired platforms were analyzed to determine chemical and physical properties of the support structures. A determination was made of the effectiveness of the proposed method of immobilization and the quality of operation of the constructed glucose biosensor in electrochemical tests. To characterize the materials, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electrokinetic (zeta) potential measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size measurements (NIBS technique), and elemental analysis (EA) were used. In further research, glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the surface of the obtained functional Ga2O3/lignin and ZrO2/lignin biomaterials. The best immobilization capacities—24.7 and 27.1 mg g−1 for Ga2O3/lignin and ZrO2/lignin, respectively—were achieved after a 24 h immobilization process. The Ga2O3/Lig/GOx and ZrO2/Lig/GOx systems were used for the construction of electrochemical biosensor systems, in a dedicated carbon paste electrode (CPE) with the addition of graphite and ferrocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Nehra
- Nanobiosensor Research Laboratory, Biophysics Unit, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Khyati Pandey
- Nanobiosensor Research Laboratory, Biophysics Unit, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Nanobiosensor Research Laboratory, Biophysics Unit, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saurabh Ahalawat
- Material Evaluation Research Laboratory, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad Joshi
- Nanobiosensor Research Laboratory, Biophysics Unit, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Fandrich A, Buller J, Memczak H, Stöcklein W, Hinrichs K, Wischerhoff E, Schulz B, Laschewsky A, Lisdat F. Responsive Polymer-Electrode Interface—Study of its Thermo- and pH-Sensitivity and the Influence of Peptide Coupling. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Djerahov L, Vasileva P, Karadjova I, Kurakalva RM, Aradhi KK. Chitosan film loaded with silver nanoparticles—sorbent for solid phase extraction of Al(III), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sarika C, Shivakumar MS, Shivakumara C, Krishnamurthy G, Narasimha Murthy B, Lekshmi IC. A novel amperometric catechol biosensor based on α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals-modified carbon paste electrode. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2016; 45:625-634. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1167702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Sarika
- Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - M. S. Shivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, ACS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - C. Shivakumara
- Solid State & Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - G. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | | | - I. C. Lekshmi
- Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
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Ross N, Hendricks-leukes N, Ajayi RF, Baker P, Iwuoha EI. Conductive Composite Biosensor System for Electrochemical Indinavir Drug Detection. J CHEM-NY 2015; 2015:1-7. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/630408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indinavir is a protease inhibitor antiretroviral (ARV) drug, which forms part of the highly active antiretroviral therapy during the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Indinavir undergoes first-pass metabolism through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the human liver, of which CYP3A4 is the most influential isoenzyme. Multidrug combination therapy and, as such, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during HIV/AIDS treatment are therefore critical, to prevent adverse interactions. The conventional sensitive and specific assays available for quantifying ARV drugs, however, suffer from distinct disadvantages. In this regard, biosensors can be used to provide real time information on the metabolic profile of the drug. In this study, a biosensor with cobalt(III) sepulchrate trichloride{CoSep3+}as diffusional mediator was constructed. The biosensor platform consisted of CYP3A4 immobilized onto a gold nanoparticle (GNP) overoxidized polypyrrole (OvOxPpy) carrier matrix. The biosensor exhibited reversible electrochemistry, with formal potential determined as −624 ± 5 mV, from voltammetric analysis, with overall electron transfer being diffusion controlled. The biosensor showed typical electrocatalytic response to dioxygen (O2), exemplified by the distinct increase in the cathodic peak current (Ip,c). A concentration-dependent increase inIp,cwas observed in response to consecutive additions of Indinavir.
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Espinoza-castañeda M, de la Escosura-muñiz A, Merkoçi A. Nanoparticle/Nanochannels-Based Electrochemical Biosensors Chapter 1. Introduction. In: Macagnano A, Zampetti E, Kny E, editors. Electrospinning for High Performance Sensors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. pp. 205-23. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14406-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Bertoncello P, Stewart AJ, Dennany L. Analytical applications of nanomaterials in electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5573-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pandey PC, Prakash A, Pandey AK. Studies on electrochemical and peroxidase mimetic behavior of Prussian blue nanoparticles in presence of Pd-WO3-SiO2 Nanocomposite; bioelectro-catalytic sensing of H2O2. Electrochim Acta 2014; 127:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, Eskandani M, Guardia MDL. Room-temperature ionic liquid-based electrochemical nanobiosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2012; 41:58-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Members the Potyviridae family belong to a group of plant viruses that are causing devastating plant diseases with a significant impact on agronomy and economics. Plum pox virus (PPV), as a causative agent of sharka disease, is widely discussed. The understanding of the molecular biology of potyviruses including PPV and the function of individual proteins as products of genome expression are quite necessary for the proposal the new antiviral strategies. This review brings to view the members of Potyviridae family with respect to plum pox virus. The genome of potyviruses is discussed with respect to protein products of its expression and their function. Plum pox virus distribution, genome organization, transmission and biochemical changes in infected plants are introduced. In addition, techniques used in PPV detection are accentuated and discussed, especially with respect to new modern techniques of nucleic acids isolation, based on the nanotechnological approach. Finally, perspectives on the future of possibilities for nanotechnology application in PPV determination/identification are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sochor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Krska
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic;
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Walcarius A. Electrocatalysis, sensors and biosensors in analytical chemistry based on ordered mesoporous and macroporous carbon-modified electrodes. Trends Analyt Chem 2012; 38:79-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ibupoto ZH, Shah SMUA, Khun K, Willander M. Electrochemical L-lactic acid sensor based on immobilized ZnO nanorods with lactate oxidase. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:2456-66. [PMID: 22736960 PMCID: PMC3376621 DOI: 10.3390/s120302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, fabrication of gold coated glass substrate, growth of ZnO nanorods and potentiometric response of lactic acid are explained. The biosensor was developed by immobilizing the lactate oxidase on the ZnO nanorods in combination with glutaraldehyde as a cross linker for lactate oxidase enzyme. The potentiometric technique was applied for the measuring the output (EMF) response of l-lactic acid biosensor. We noticed that the present biosensor has wide linear detection range of concentration from 1 × 10−4–1 × 100 mM with acceptable sensitivity about 41.33 ± 1.58 mV/decade. In addition, the proposed biosensor showed fast response time less than 10 s, a good selectivity towards l-lactic acid in presence of common interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, urea, glucose, galactose, magnesium ions and calcium ions. The present biosensor based on immobilized ZnO nanorods with lactate oxidase sustained its stability for more than three weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
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Condomitti U, Zuin A, Silveira AT, Toma SH, Araki K, Toma HE. Superparamagnetic Carbon Electrodes: A Versatile Approach for Performing Magnetic Coupled Electrochemical Analysis of Mercury Ions. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bratov A, Abramova N, Ipatov A. Recent trends in potentiometric sensor arrays--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 678:149-59. [PMID: 20888446 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays there exists a large variety of ion sensors based on polymeric or solid-state membranes that can be used in a sensor array format in many analytical applications. This review aims at providing a critical overview of the distinct approaches that were developed to build and use potentiometric sensor arrays based on different transduction principles, such as classical ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with polymer or solid-state membranes, solid-contact electrodes (SCE) including coated wire electrodes (CWE), ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) and light addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS). Analysing latest publications on potentiometric sensor arrays development and applications certain problems are outlined and trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bratov
- Instituto de Microelectronica de Barcelona, Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Shan C, Yang H, Song J, Han D, Ivaska A, Niu L. Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on graphene. Anal Chem 2010; 81:2378-82. [PMID: 19227979 DOI: 10.1021/ac802193c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We first reported that polyvinylpyrrolidone-protected graphene was dispersed well in water and had good electrochemical reduction toward O(2) and H(2)O(2). With glucose oxidase (GOD) as an enzyme model, we constructed a novel polyvinylpyrrolidone-protected graphene/polyethylenimine-functionalized ionic liquid/GOD electrochemical biosensor, which achieved the direct electron transfer of GOD, maintained its bioactivity and showed potential application for the fabrication of novel glucose biosensors with linear glucose response up to 14 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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Ansari AA, Alhoshan M, Alsalhi MS, Aldwayyan AS. Prospects of nanotechnology in clinical immunodiagnostics. Sensors (Basel) 2010; 10:6535-81. [PMID: 22163566 PMCID: PMC3231125 DOI: 10.3390/s100706535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials are promising compounds that offer new opportunities as sensing platforms for the detection of biomolecules. Having micrometer-scale length and nanometer-scale diameters, nanomaterials can be manipulated with current nanofabrication methods, as well as self-assembly techniques, to fabricate nanoscale bio-sensing devices. Nanostructured materials possess extraordinary physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and multifunctional properties. Such unique properties advocate their use as biomimetic membranes to immobilize and modify biomolecules on the surface of nanoparticles. Alignment, uniform dispersion, selective growth and diameter control are general parameters which play critical roles in the successful integration of nanostructures for the fabrication of bioelectronic sensing devices. In this review, we focus on different types and aspects of nanomaterials, including their synthesis, properties, conjugation with biomolecules and their application in the construction of immunosensing devices. Some key results from each cited article are summarized by relating the concept and mechanism behind each sensor, experimental conditions and the behavior of the sensor under different conditions, etc. The variety of nanomaterial-based bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions proves the unique properties of nanomaterials in such sensing devices, which will surely continue to expand in the future. Such nanomaterial based devices are expected to have a major impact in clinical immunodiagnostics, environmental monitoring, security surveillance and for ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees A. Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (M.S.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +966-1-4676838; Fax: +966-1-0545797441
| | - Mansour Alhoshan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (M.S.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2454, Saudi Arabia, E-Mail:
| | - Mohamad S. Alsalhi
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (M.S.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (M.S.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia
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Abu-Salah KM, Alrokyan SA, Khan MN, Ansari AA. Nanomaterials as analytical tools for genosensors. Sensors (Basel) 2010; 10:963-93. [PMID: 22315580 PMCID: PMC3270881 DOI: 10.3390/s100100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Abu-Salah
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Salman A. Alrokyan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Muhammad Naziruddin Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Anees Ahmad Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
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Periasamy AP, Umasankar Y, Chen SM. Nanomaterials - acetylcholinesterase enzyme matrices for organophosphorus pesticides electrochemical sensors: a review. Sensors (Basel) 2009; 9:4034-55. [PMID: 22408512 DOI: 10.3390/s90604034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important cholinesterase enzyme present in the synaptic clefts of living organisms. It maintains the levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine by catalyzing the hydrolysis reaction of acetylcholine to thiocholine. This catalytic activity of AChE is drastically inhibited by trace amounts of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides present in the environment. As a result, effective monitoring of OP pesticides in the environment is very desirable and has been done successfully in recent years with the use of nanomaterial-based AChE sensors. In such sensors, the enzyme AChE has been immobilized onto nanomaterials like multiwalled carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, zirconia nanoparticles, cadmium sulphide nano particles or quantum dots. These nanomaterial matrices promote significant enhancements of OP pesticide determinations, with the thiocholine oxidation occurring at much lower oxidation potentials. Moreover, nanomaterial-based AChE sensors with rapid response, increased operational and long storage stability are extremely well suited for OP pesticide determination over a wide concentration range. In this review, the unique advantages of using nanomaterials as AChE immobilization matrices are discussed. Further, detection limits, sensitivities and correlation coefficients obtained using various electroanalytical techniques have also been compared with chromatographic techniques.
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Marques PRBDO, Lermo A, Campoy S, Yamanaka H, Barbé J, Alegret S, Pividori MI. Double-tagging polymerase chain reaction with a thiolated primer and electrochemical genosensing based on gold nanocomposite sensor for food safety. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1332-9. [PMID: 19170528 DOI: 10.1021/ac801736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel material for electrochemical biosensing based on rigid conducting gold nanocomposite (nano-AuGEC) is presented. Islands of chemisorbing material (gold nanoparticles) surrounded by nonreactive, rigid, and conducting graphite epoxy composite are thus achieved to avoid the stringent control of surface coverage parameters required during immobilization of thiolated oligos in continuous gold surfaces. The spatial resolution of the immobilized thiolated DNA was easily controlled by merely varying the percentage of gold nanoparticles in the composition of the composite. As low as 9 fmol (60 pM) of synthetic DNA were detected in hybridization experiments when using a thiolated probe. Moreover, for the first time a double tagging PCR strategy was performed with a thiolated primer for the detection of Salmonella sp., one of the most important foodborne pathogens affecting food safety. This assay was performed by double-labeling the amplicon during the PCR with a -DIG and -SH set of labeled primers. The thiolated end allows the immobilization of the amplicon on the nano-AuGEC electrode, while digoxigenin allows the electrochemical detection with the antiDIG-HRP reporter in the femtomole range. Rigid conducting gold nanocomposite represents a good material for the improved and oriented immobilization of biomolecules with excellent transducing properties for the construction of a wide range of electrochemical biosensors such as immunosensors, genosensors, and enzymosensors.
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Bertoncello P, Forster RJ. Nanostructured materials for electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based detection methods: recent advances and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3191-200. [PMID: 19318243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a general picture of the last advances and developments (2003-2008) related to novel nanostructured materials for electrochemiluminescence-based biosensors using. It briefly covers the basic mechanisms of ECL detection, and the recent developments in fabrication of solid-state ECL sensors using nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, thin films of metallopolymers and of inorganic metal complexes. Finally, challenges and perspectives of the use of such materials for biomedical diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bertoncello
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform Ireland, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Abstract
In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, also known as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then emits light. These electron-transfer reactions are sufficiently exergonic to allow the excited states of luminophores, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal complexes, to be created without photoexcitation. For example, oxidation of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) in the presence of tripropylamine results in light emission that is analogous to the emission produced by photoexcitation. This review highlights some of the most exciting recent developments in this field, including novel ECL-generating transition metal complexes, especially ruthenium and osmium polypyridine systems; ECL-generating monolayers and thin films; the use of nanomaterials; and analytical, especially clinical, applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Forster
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Center for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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