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Siah PC, Tan CS, Lee WY, Lee MN. An intergroup contact approach for understanding attitudes and behaviours towards deaf students among hearing students in Malaysia. EDI 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-03-2022-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThis study examines the hearing students' attitudes and behaviors towards deaf students in Malaysia using the intergroup contact approach.Design/methodology/approachPurposive sampling was used to recruit 439 hearing students at secondary schools. Hearing students were asked to fill in questionnaires that contained four measurements: contact with deaf people, sources of knowledge about deaf people, attitudes towards deaf people and behaviors toward deaf people. A serial mediation model was proposed to investigate the hypothetical mediating role of knowledge and attitudes toward deaf students in the relationship.FindingsThe results of this study showed that contact frequency is negatively associated with attitudes towards deaf people. However, such a relationship is suppressed, only when knowledge is included as a mediator. In addition, mediation analysis supports that sources of knowledge and attitudes about deaf people mediate the relationship between contact and behaviors toward deaf people. Moreover, the frequency of contact indirectly contributes to behaviors through knowledge and attitudes.Originality/valueThe findings indicate that increasing the contact between hearing and deaf students would improve hearing students' attitudes and behaviors towards deaf students. However, this is only when the contact can improve hearing students' knowledge about deaf people and deafness.
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Hatoum AH, White FA. Advancing E-contact to Reduce Intergroup Anxiety and Increase Positive Attitudes Towards Individuals Who Identify as Bisexual. J Sex Res 2022; 59:872-885. [PMID: 35416730 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2059648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisexual individuals are invisible sexual minorities, who face prejudice and "double discrimination" from both heterosexual and sexual minority communities. Despite this, little empirical research has examined bisexual prejudice reduction. To address this, the current study tested an E-contact intervention - a highly structured, text-based, online interaction tool - to reduce bisexual prejudice. Heterosexual participants (N = 170) were randomly allocated to an intergroup (E-contact) or intragroup (control) interaction, with either a male or female interaction partner. Findings indicated that intergroup E-contact resulted in less intergroup anxiety compared to an intragroup interaction, and that this effect was more pronounced when the bisexual interaction partner was male for heterosexual men, but not for heterosexual women. Although E-contact had no direct effect on tolerance toward bisexual individuals or the perceived stability of bisexuality as a sexual orientation, findings revealed that reduced intergroup anxiety mediated the effect of E-contact on these outcome variables. This result was found in the intergroup dynamic of heterosexual men interacting with bisexual men, providing an important experimental demonstration of the potential for harnessing an E-contact intervention to reduce affective prejudice toward bisexual individuals.
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Tropp LR, White F, Rucinski CL, Tredoux C. Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Reduction: Prospects and Challenges in Changing Youth Attitudes. Review of General Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680211046517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intergroup contact has long been lauded as a key intervention to reduce prejudice and improve intergroup attitudes among youth. In this review, we summarize classic perspectives and new developments in the intergroup contact literature, highlighting both prospects and challenges associated with achieving desired youth outcomes through contact. First, we review literature showing how positive intergroup outcomes can be facilitated through cultivating optimal conditions for contact, as well as by attending to youth’s emotional responses to contact. We then discuss how desired contact outcomes may be inhibited by limited understanding of ways in which contact strategies may affect youth across developmental stages, as well as by limited focus on societal inequalities and intergroup conflict, which require examination of outcomes beyond prejudice reduction. We also review growing bodies of research on indirect contact strategies—such as extended contact, vicarious contact, and online contact—showing many options that can be used to promote positive relations among youth from diverse backgrounds, beyond the contact literature’s traditional focus on face-to-face interaction. We conclude this review by acknowledging how understanding both prospects and challenges associated with implementing contact strategies can enhance our capacity to prepare youth to embrace group differences and build more inclusive societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R. Tropp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Fiona White
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina L. Rucinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Colin Tredoux
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
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Rodríguez-Rivas ME, Cangas AJ, Cariola LA, Varela JJ, Valdebenito S. Innovative Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Preprint). JMIR Serious Games 2021; 10:e35099. [PMID: 35635744 PMCID: PMC9153904 DOI: 10.2196/35099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma toward people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the impacted individuals, such as social exclusion and increased difficulties in the recovery process. Recently, several interventions have been developed to mitigate public stigma, based on the use of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality and video games. Objective This review aims to systematically review, synthesize, measure, and critically discuss experimental studies that measure the effect of technological interventions on stigmatization levels. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines and included studies in English and Spanish published between 2016 and 2021. Searches were run in 5 different databases (ie, PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect). Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility, extracted data, and rated methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results Based on the 1158 articles screened, 72 articles were evaluated as full text, of which 9 were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A diversity of interventions was observed, including video games, audiovisual simulation of hallucinations, virtual reality, and electronic contact with mental health services users. The meta-analysis (n=1832 participants) demonstrated that these interventions had a consistent medium effect on reducing the level of public stigma (d=–0.64; 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P<.001). Conclusions Innovative interventions involving the use of technologies are an effective tool in stigma reduction, therefore new challenges are proposed and discussed for the demonstration of their adaptability to different contexts and countries, thus leading to their massification. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021261935; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021261935
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías E Rodríguez-Rivas
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Adolfo J Cangas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Laura A Cariola
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge J Varela
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Valdebenito
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bagci SC, Guvensoy I, Turner RN, White FA, Piyale ZE. Investigating the role of E‐contact and self‐disclosure on improving Turkish‐Kurdish interethnic relations. J Appl Soc Psychol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat C. Bagci
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul Turkey
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García-Acosta JM, Castro-Peraza ME, Perestelo-Pérez L, Rivero-Santana A, Arias-Rodríguez Á, Lorenzo-Rocha ND. Measuring Explicit Prejudice and Transphobia in Nursing Students and Professionals. Nurs Rep 2020; 10:48-55. [PMID: 34968349 PMCID: PMC8608125 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep10020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans* people frequently report attitudes of prejudice/transphobia in health professionals. Conversely, health professionals indicate the lack of adequate training to care for these people and its impact on the quality of care provided. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the explicit prejudices/transphobia of health students and professionals and compare them with the general population in Tenerife. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS) and the Negative Attitude towards Trans* people Scale (EANT) with a total of 602 participants. RESULTS We found a low mean level of explicit prejudice/transphobia, with little/no differences between occupation groups. Explicit transphobia was correlated with being a man, less educated, and heterosexual, and not personally knowing a trans* person. Men and women were less transphobic about trans* people whose identities coincided with their own. CONCLUSION All participants showed a low mean level of explicit transphobia. This result is not incompatible with unconscious prejudice, which may translate to discriminatory behaviors. Interventions to change negative attitudes are still needed, since even a small percentage of transphobic health professionals could exert a considerable negative impact on health care. In professionals without transphobic attitudes, the barriers identified by trans* people might be a problem due to the lack of specific training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Manuel García-Acosta
- Canary Islands Public Health Service, Tenerife, 38071 Canary Islands, Spain; (J.M.G.-A.); (N.D.L.-R.)
- Department of Nursing, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38010 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María Elisa Castro-Peraza
- Canary Islands Public Health Service, Tenerife, 38071 Canary Islands, Spain; (J.M.G.-A.); (N.D.L.-R.)
- Department of Nursing, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38010 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Lilisbeth Perestelo-Pérez
- Evaluation Unit of the Canary Islands Health Service (SESCS), 38109 Tenerife, Spain;
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 38109 Tenerife, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Amado Rivero-Santana
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), 38109 Tenerife, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Canary Islands Foundation of Health Research (FUNCANIS), 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Doria Lorenzo-Rocha
- Canary Islands Public Health Service, Tenerife, 38071 Canary Islands, Spain; (J.M.G.-A.); (N.D.L.-R.)
- Department of Nursing, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38010 Canary Islands, Spain
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White FA, Maunder R, Verrelli S. Text-based E-contact: Harnessing cooperative Internet interactions to bridge the social and psychological divide. European Review of Social Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1753459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A. White
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Maunder
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stefano Verrelli
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mancini T, Imperato C. Can Social Networks Make Us More Sensitive to Social Discrimination? E-Contact, Identity Processes and Perception of Online Sexual Discrimination in a Sample of Facebook Users. Social Sciences 2020; 9:47. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci9040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years psychosocial studies have given a growing attention to online intergroup contact in reducing prejudice. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of evidence on processes that could mediate this relation. The present study aimed to fill this gap. Focused on intergroup relationships between people with different sexual orientations, it examined whether and to what extent identity processes—i.e., sexual identity commitment and exploration—mediated the relationship between online intergroup contact and perception of mediated and vicarious sexual online discrimination on Facebook. Data was collected with a sample of 357 Facebook users (Mage = 26.07, SD = 8.37; females: 64.9%, males: 35.1%) who completed an online questionnaire. A full Structural Equation Modeling was tested. Results showed that: (a) Online contact was positively associated with perceived online sexual discrimination; (b) online contact was positively associated with identity exploration but not commitment; (c) exploration—but not commitment—was positively associated with perceived online sexual discrimination; (d) sexual identity exploration—but not commitment—mediated the relationship between online contact and perception of sexual discrimination, increasing the positive effect of contact on perceived discrimination. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed.
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Maunder RD, Day SC, White FA. The benefit of contact for prejudice-prone individuals: The type of stigmatized outgroup matters. The Journal of Social Psychology 2019; 160:92-104. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1601608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Maunder RD, White FA, Verrelli S. Modern avenues for intergroup contact: Using E-contact and intergroup emotions to reduce stereotyping and social distancing against people with schizophrenia. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430218794873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intergroup contact is the leading strategy for reducing the stigma associated with mental illness. For the first time, the current study examines the effectiveness of a contemporary intergroup contact strategy, called electronic or E-contact, to reduce stigma against people diagnosed with schizophrenia. It also examines the mediating role of three target-relevant intergroup emotions, namely fear, anger, and pity. In total, 133 participants engaged in E-contact with a person diagnosed with schizophrenia (intergroup E-contact), E-contact with a person without a mental illness (intragroup E-contact), or no contact. Compared to the intragroup E-contact and no-contact conditions, intergroup E-contact reduced fear, anger, and stereotyping toward people with schizophrenia. Additionally, fear and anger, but not pity, were found to be significant affective mediators of the E-contact effect. The findings demonstrate the value of computer-mediated intergroup contact for stigma reduction, and emphasize the importance of intergroup emotions in this domain.
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