1
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Gartner T, Lauzin C, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Infrared Spectra of the Water-CO 2 Complex in the 4.3-3.6 μm Region and Determination of the Ground State Tunneling Splitting for HDO-CO 2. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3668-3674. [PMID: 37067811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Spectra of water─CO2 dimers are studied using a tunable mid-infrared source to probe a pulsed slit jet supersonic expansion. H2O-CO2 and D2O-CO2 are observed in the CO2 ν3 fundamental region (≈2350 cm-1), D2O-CO2 is also observed in the D2O ν3 fundamental region (≈2790 cm-1), and HDO-CO2 is observed in the HDO O-D stretch fundamental region (≈2720 cm-1), all for the first time in these regions. Analysis of the spectra yields excited state rotational parameters and vibrational shifts. They also yield the first experimental values of the ground state internal rotation tunneling splittings for D2O-CO2 (0.003 cm-1) and HDO-CO2 (0.0234 cm-1). The latter value is a direct determination made possible by the reduced symmetry of HDO-CO2. These results provide stringent and easily interpreted tests for theoretical water-CO2 potential energy surface calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Gartner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Clément Lauzin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nasser Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Xie F, Sun W, Pinacho P, Schnell M. CO 2 Aggregation on Monoethanolamine: Observations from Rotational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218539. [PMID: 36719030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The initial stages of the gas-phase nucleation between CO2 and monoethanolamine were investigated via broadband rotational spectroscopy with the aid of extensive theoretical structure sampling. Sub-nanometer-scale aggregation patterns of monoethanolamine-(CO2 )n , n=1-4, were identified. An interesting competition between the monoethanolamine intramolecular hydrogen bond and the intermolecular interactions between monoethanolamine and CO2 upon cluster growth was discovered, revealing an intriguing CO2 binding priority to the hydroxyl group over the amine group. These findings are in sharp contrast to the general results for aqueous solutions. In the quinary complex, a cap-like CO2 tetramer was observed cooperatively surrounding the monoethanolamine. As the cluster approaches the critical size of new particle formation, the contribution of CO2 self-assembly to the overall stability increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wenhao Sun
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Pinacho
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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3
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Graham RJ, Lichtenberg T, Pierrehumbert RT. CO 2 Ocean Bistability on Terrestrial Exoplanets. J Geophys Res Planets 2022; 127:e2022JE007456. [PMID: 36589718 PMCID: PMC9787872 DOI: 10.1029/2022je007456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cycling of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and interior of rocky planets can stabilize global climate and enable planetary surface temperatures above freezing over geologic time. However, variations in global carbon budget and unstable feedback cycles between planetary sub-systems may destabilize the climate of rocky exoplanets toward regimes unknown in the Solar System. Here, we perform clear-sky atmospheric radiative transfer and surface weathering simulations to probe the stability of climate equilibria for rocky, ocean-bearing exoplanets at instellations relevant for planetary systems in the outer regions of the circumstellar habitable zone. Our simulations suggest that planets orbiting G- and F-type stars (but not M-type stars) may display bistability between an Earth-like climate state with efficient carbon sequestration and an alternative stable climate equilibrium where CO2 condenses at the surface and forms a blanket of either clathrate hydrate or liquid CO2. At increasing instellation and with ineffective weathering, the latter state oscillates between cool, surface CO2-condensing and hot, non-condensing climates. CO2 bistable climates may emerge early in planetary history and remain stable for billions of years. The carbon dioxide-condensing climates follow an opposite trend in pCO2 versus instellation compared to the weathering-stabilized planet population, suggesting the possibility of observational discrimination between these distinct climate categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Graham
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tim Lichtenberg
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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4
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Gartner T, Ghebretnsae S, McKellar ARW, Moazzen‐Ahmadi N. Spectra of CO
2
‐Kr in the 4.3 μm region: Intermolecular Bend and Symmetry Breaking of the Intramolecular CO
2
Bend. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gartner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary 2500 University Drive North West Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Sye Ghebretnsae
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary 2500 University Drive North West Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | | | - Nasser Moazzen‐Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary 2500 University Drive North West Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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5
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Barclay AJ, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Observing the Completion of the First Solvation Shell of Carbon Dioxide in Argon from Rotationally Resolved Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6311-6315. [PMID: 35792583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Widespread interest in weakly bound molecular clusters of medium size (5-50 molecules) is motivated by their complicated energy landscapes, which lead to hundreds or thousands of distinct isomers. But most studies are theoretical in nature, and there are no experimental results which provide definitive structural information on completion of the first solvation shell. Here we assign rotationally resolved mid-infrared spectra to argon clusters containing a single carbon dioxide molecule, CO2-Ar15 and CO2-Ar17. These mark the completion of the first solvation shell for CO2 in argon. The assignments are confirmed by nuclear spin intensity alternation in the spectra, a marker of highly symmetric structures for these clusters. Precise values are determined for rotational parameters and for shifts of the CO2 vibrational frequency induced by the argon atoms. The spectra indicate possible low-frequency (∼2 cm-1) vibrational modes in these clusters, posing a challenge for future cluster theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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6
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Barclay AJ, McKellar ARW, Pietropolli Charmet A, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Weakly-bound clusters of atmospheric molecules: infrared spectra and structural calculations of (CO 2) n-(CO) m-(N 2) p, ( n, m, p) = (2,1,0), (2,0,1), (1,2,0), (1,0,2), (1,1,1), (1,3,0), (1,0,3), (1,2,1), (1,1,2). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7231-7242. [PMID: 35266943 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural calculations and high-resolution infrared spectra are reported for trimers and tetramers containing CO2 together with CO and/or N2. Among the 9 clusters studied here, only (CO2)2-CO was previously observed by high-resolution spectroscopy. The spectra, which occur in the region of the ν3 fundamental of CO2 (≈2350 cm-1), were recorded using a tunable optical parametric oscillator source to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. The trimers (CO2)2-CO and (CO2)2-N2 have structures in which the CO or N2 is aligned along the symmetry axis of a staggered side-by-side CO2 dimer unit. The observation of two fundamental bands for (CO2)2-CO and (CO2)2-N2 shows that this CO2 dimer unit is non-planar, unlike (CO2)2 itself. For the trimers CO2-(CO)2 and CO2-(N2)2, the CO or N2 monomers occupy equivalent positions in the 'equatorial plane' of the CO2, pointing toward its C atom. To form the tetramers CO2-(CO)3 and CO2-(N2)3, a third CO or N2 monomer is then added off to the 'side' of the first two. In the mixed tetramers CO2-(CO)2-N2 and CO2-CO-(N2)2, this 'side' position is taken by N2 and not CO. In addition to the fundamental bands, combination bands are also observed for (CO2)2-CO, CO2-(CO)2, and CO2-(N2)2, yielding some information about their low-frequency intermolecular vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A Pietropolli Charmet
- Dipartimento di ScienzeMolecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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7
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Abstract
We discuss how Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI), triggered by intense femtosecond laser pulses and combined with laser-induced alignment and covariance analysis of the angular distributions of the recoiling fragment ions, provides new opportunities for imaging the structures of molecules and molecular complexes. First, focusing on gas phase molecules, we show how the periodic torsional motion of halogenated biphenyl molecules can be measured in real time by timed CEI, and how CEI of one-dimensionally aligned difluoroiodobenzene molecules can uniquely identify four structural isomers. Next, focusing on molecular complexes formed inside He nanodroplets, we show that the conformations of noncovalently bound dimers or trimers, aligned in one or three dimensions, can be determined by CEI. Results presented for homodimers of CS2, OCS, and bromobenzene pave the way for femtosecond time-resolved structure imaging of molecules undergoing bimolecular interactions and ultimately chemical reactions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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8
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Abstract
We study the role of pairwise long-range interactions in the formation of van der Waals molecules through direct three-body recombination processes A + B + B → AB + B, based on a classical trajectory method in hyperspherical coordinates developed in our earlier works [J. Pérez-Ríos et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 044307 (2014); M. Mirahmadi and J. Pérez-Ríos, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 034305 (2021)]. In particular, we find the effective long-range potential in hyperspherical coordinates with an exact expression in terms of dispersion coefficients of pairwise potentials. Exploiting this relation, we derive a classical threshold law for the total cross section and the three-body recombination rate yielding an analytical expression for the three-body recombination rate as a function of the pairwise long-range coefficients of the involved partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mirahmadi
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús Pérez-Ríos
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Barclay A, McKellar A, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. New infrared spectra of CO2 – Ne: Fundamental for CO2 –22Ne isotopologue, intermolecular bend, and symmetry breaking of the intramolecular CO2 bend. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Bogomolov A, Roucou A, Bejjani R, Herman M, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, Lauzin C. The rotationally resolved symmetric 2OH excitation in H2O-CO2 observed using pulsed supersonic expansion and CW-CRDS. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Wakwella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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12
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Barclay AJ, McKellar ARW, Western CM, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. New infrared spectra of CO 2–Xe: modelling Xe isotope effects, intermolecular bend and stretch, and symmetry breaking of the CO 2 bend. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1919325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Our previously developed mbCO2 potential [O. Sode and J. N. Cherry, J. Comput. Chem. 38, 2763 (2017)] is used to describe the vibrational structure of the intermolecular motions of the CO2 trimers: barrel-shaped and cyclic trimers. Anharmonic corrections are accounted for using the vibrational self-consistent field theory, vibrational second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (VMP2) theory, and vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) methods and compared with experimental observations. For the cyclic structure, we revise the assignments of two previously observed experimental peaks based on our VCI and VMP2 results. We note that the experimental band observed near 13 cm-1 is the out-of-phase out-of-plane degenerate motion with E″ symmetry, while the peak observed at 18 cm-1 likely corresponds to the symmetric out-of-plane torsion A″ vibration. Since the VCI treatment of the vibrational motions accounts for vibrational mixing and delocalization, overtones and combination bands were also observed and quantified in the intermolecular regions of the two trimer isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Kyle Misa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Arabi Seshappan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Murat Keçeli
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Olaseni Sode
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
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14
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Barclay AJ, Pietropolli Charmet A, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Exploring the next step in micro-solvation of CO in water: Infrared spectra and structural calculations of (H2O)4–CO and (D2O)4–CO. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:044310. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0038188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A. Pietropolli Charmet
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - A. R. W. McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Grein
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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16
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Abstract
In this work, we show that van der Waals molecules X-RG (where RG is the rare gas atom) may be created through direct three-body recombination collisions, i.e., X + RG + RG → X-RG + RG. In particular, the three-body recombination rate at temperatures relevant for buffer gas cell experiments is calculated via a classical trajectory method in hyperspherical coordinates [Pérez-Ríos et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 044307 (2014)]. As a result, it is found that the formation of van der Waals molecules in buffer gas cells (1 K ≲ T ≲ 10 K) is dominated by the long-range tail (distances larger than the LeRoy radius) of the X-RG interaction. For higher temperatures, the short-range region of the potential becomes more significant. Moreover, we notice that the rate of formation of van der Walls molecules is of the same order of the magnitude independent of the chemical properties of X. As a consequence, almost any X-RG molecule may be created and observed in a buffer gas cell under proper conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mirahmadi
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús Pérez-Ríos
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Abstract
A broad range of approaches to many-body dispersion are discussed, including empirical approaches with multiple fitted parameters, augmented density functional-based approaches, symmetry adapted perturbation theory, and a supermolecule approach based on coupled cluster theory. Differing definitions of "body" are considered, specifically atom-based vs molecule-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, United States
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, United States
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, United States
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18
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Martins JBL, Quintino RP, Politi JRDS, Sethio D, Gargano R, Kraka E. Computational analysis of vibrational frequencies and rovibrational spectroscopic constants of hydrogen sulfide dimer using MP2 and CCSD(T). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 239:118540. [PMID: 32502813 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the weakly bonded H2S dimer demands high level quantum chemical calculations to reproduce experimental values. We investigated the hydrogen bonding of H2S dimer using MP2 and CCSD(T) levels of theory in combination with aug-cc-pV(D,T,Q)Z basis sets. More precisely, the binding energies, potential energy curves, rovibrational spectroscopic constants, decomposition lifetime, and normal vibrational frequencies were calculated. In addition, we introduced the local mode analysis of Konkoli-Cremer to quantify the hydrogen bonding in the H2S dimer as well as providing for the first time the comprehensive decomposition of normal vibrational modes into local modes contributions, and a decomposition lifetime based on rate constant. The local mode force constant of the H2S dimer hydrogen bond is smaller than that of the water dimer, in accordance with the weaker hydrogen bonding in the H2S dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B L Martins
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Rabeshe P Quintino
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - José R Dos S Politi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sethio
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, United States
| | - Ricardo Gargano
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, United States
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19
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Gartner TA, Barclay AJ, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Symmetry breaking of the bending mode of CO 2 in the presence of Ar. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21488-21493. [PMID: 32954395 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The weak infrared spectrum of CO2-Ar corresponding to the (0111) ← (0110) hot band of CO2 is detected in the region of the carbon dioxide ν3 fundamental vibration (≈2340 cm-1), using a tunable OPO laser source to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. While this method was previously thought to cool clusters to the lowest rotational states of the ground vibrational state, here we show that under suitable jet expansion conditions, sufficient population remains in the first excited bending mode of CO2 (1-2%) to enable observation of vibrationally hot CO2-Ar, and thus to investigate the symmetry breaking of the intramolecular bending mode of CO2 in the presence of Ar. The bending mode of the CO2 monomer splits into an in-plane and an out-of-plane mode, strongly linked by a Coriolis interaction. Analysis of the spectrum yields a direct measurement of the in-plane/out-of-plane splitting measured to be 0.8770 cm-1. Calculations were carried out to determine if key features of our results, i.e., the sign and magnitude of the shift in the energy for the two intramolecular bending modes, are consistent with a quantum chemical potential energy surface. This aspect of intramolecular interactions has received little previous experimental and theoretical consideration. Therefore, we provide an additional avenue by which to study the intramolecular dynamics of this simplest dimer in its bending modes. Similar results should be possible for other weakly-bound complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Gartner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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20
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Barclay AJ, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Spectra of CO 2-N 2 dimer in the 4.2 μm region: Symmetry breaking of the intramolecular CO 2 bend, the intermolecular bend, and higher K-values for the fundamental. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:014303. [PMID: 32640821 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared spectra of the CO2-N2 dimer are observed in the carbon dioxide ν3 asymmetric stretch region (≈2350 cm-1) using a tunable infrared optical parametric oscillator to probe a pulsed slit jet supersonic expansion. Previous results for the b-type fundamental band are extended to higher values of Ka. An a-type combination band involving the lowest in-plane intermolecular bending mode is observed. This yields a value of 21.4 cm-1 and represents the first experimental determination of an intermolecular mode for CO2-N2. This intermolecular frequency is at odds with the value of 45.9 cm-1 obtained from a recent 4D intermolecular potential energy surface. In addition, two weak bands near 2337 cm-1 are assigned to the CO2 hot band transition (v1, v2 l2, v3) = (0111) ← (0110). They yield a value of 2.307 cm-1 for the splitting of the degenerate CO2 ν2 bend into in-plane and out-of-plane components due to the presence of the nearby N2. The in-plane mode lies at a lower energy relative to the out-of-plane mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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21
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Abstract
The carbonyl sulfide (OCS) dimer serves as a prototype system for studying intermolecular forces between nonsymmetrical linear polyatomic molecules. Here, we performed a laser spectroscopic investigation of OCS dimers embedded in helium nanodroplets and found rovibrational bands corresponding to the non-polar "sulfur-in" and parallel polar dimers that have been extensively characterized in the gas phase, as well as a new non-polar "oxygen-in" dimer that has long been predicted by theory. Frequency alternations in the rotational branches along with the absence of a Stark effect provided important clues as to its assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - Ty Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - John Saunier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - Paul L Raston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
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22
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Grein F. Additivity and non-additivity of dissociation energies in intermolecular interactions. Theoretical studies on (H 2) n, n = 2-8, (CO 2) n, n = 2-6 and (HF) n, n = 2-8. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1753839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Grein
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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23
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McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. The Ethylene-Carbon Dioxide Complex and the Double Rotor Model. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:684-689. [PMID: 31910014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The infrared spectrum of the weakly bound C2H4-CO2 complex is investigated in the region of the ν3 fundamental band of CO2 (≈2350 cm-1), using a tunable OPO laser source to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. The spacing of the various K-subbands in this perpendicular (ΔK = ±1) spectrum is very irregular, and the pattern of irregularity is quite different from that observed previously in another C2H4-CO2 band by Bemish et al. [ J. Chem. Phys. 1995 , 103 , 7788 ]. But by allowing for the different symmetry of the ν3 (CO2) upper vibrational state, both results can be strikingly well explained using the "double internal rotor" model as described by Bemish et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive North West , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
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24
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Lauzin C, Imbreckx AC, Foldes T, Vanfleteren T, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, Herman M. High-resolution spectroscopic study of the H2O–CO2 van der Waals complex in the 2OH overtone range. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1706776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lauzin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A. C. Imbreckx
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - T. Foldes
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T. Vanfleteren
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M. Herman
- Service de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Schouder C, Chatterley AS, Calvo F, Christiansen L, Stapelfeldt H. Structure determination of the tetracene dimer in helium nanodroplets using femtosecond strong-field ionization. Struct Dyn 2019; 6:044301. [PMID: 31463336 PMCID: PMC6711753 DOI: 10.1063/1.5118005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dimers of tetracene molecules are formed inside helium nanodroplets and identified through covariance analysis of the emission directions of kinetic tetracene cations stemming from femtosecond laser-induced Coulomb explosion. Next, the dimers are aligned in either one or three dimensions under field-free conditions by a nonresonant, moderately intense laser pulse. The experimental angular covariance maps of the tetracene ions are compared to calculated covariance maps for seven different dimer conformations and found to be consistent with four of these. Additional measurements of the alignment-dependent strong-field ionization yield of the dimer narrow the possible conformations down to either a slipped-parallel or parallel-slightly rotated structure. According to our quantum chemistry calculations, these are the two most stable gas-phase conformations of the dimer and one of them is favorable for singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant Schouder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Florent Calvo
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lars Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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26
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Barclay AJ, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Spectra of the D 2O dimer in the O-D fundamental stretch region: Vibrational dependence of tunneling splittings and lifetimes. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:164307. [PMID: 31042915 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental O-D stretch region (2600-2800 cm-1) of the fully deuterated water dimer (D2O)2 is studied using a pulsed supersonic slit jet source and a tunable optical parametric oscillator source. Relatively high spectral resolution (0.002 cm-1) enables all six dimer tunneling components to be observed, in most cases, for the acceptor asymmetric O-D stretch, the donor free O-D stretch, and the donor bound O-D stretch vibrations. The dominant acceptor switching tunneling splittings are observed to decrease moderately in the excited O-D stretch states, to roughly 75% of their ground state values, whereas the smaller donor-acceptor interchange splittings show more dramatic and irregular decreases. Excited state predissociation lifetimes, as determined from the observed line broadening, show large variations (0.2 ≤ τ ≤ 5 ns) depending on the vibrational state, K-value, and tunneling symmetry. Another very weak band is tentatively assigned to a combination mode involving an intramolecular O-D stretch plus an intermolecular twist overtone. Asymmetric O-D stretch bands of the mixed isotopologue dimers D2O-DOH and D2O-HOD are also observed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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27
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Abstract
We report observation of new infrared bands of (CS2)2 and (CS2)3 in the region of the CS2 ν1 + ν3 combination band (at 4.5 µm) using a quantum cascade laser. The complexes are formed in a pulsed supersonic slit-jet expansion of a gas mixture of carbon disulfide in helium. We have previously shown that the most stable isomer of (CS2)2 is a cross-shaped structure with D2d symmetry and that for (CS2)3 is a barrel-shaped structure with D3 symmetry. The dimer has one doubly degenerate infrared-active band in the ν1 + ν3 region of the CS2 monomer. This band is observed to have a rather small vibrational shift of -0.844 cm-1. We expect one parallel and one perpendicular infrared-active band for the trimer but observe two parallel bands and one perpendicular band. Much larger vibrational shifts of -8.953 cm-1 for the perpendicular band and -8.845 cm-1 and +16.681 cm-1 for the parallel bands are observed. Vibrational shifts and possible vibrational assignments, in the case of the parallel bands of the trimer, are discussed using group theoretical arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - K Esteki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - K H Michaelian
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Suite A202, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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28
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Barclay AJ, van der Avoird A, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. The water–carbon monoxide dimer: new infrared spectra, ab initio rovibrational energy level calculations, and an interesting in-termolecular mode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14911-14922. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02815c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bound state rovibrational energy level calculations using a high-level intermolecular potential surface are reported for H2O–CO and D2O–CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - A. van der Avoird
- Theoretical Chemistry
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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29
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Barclay AJ, Pietropolli Charmet A, Michaelian KH, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Micro-solvation of CO in water: infrared spectra and structural calculations for (D2O)2–CO and (D2O)3–CO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26564-26568. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05480d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The weakly-bound molecular clusters (D2O)2–CO and (D2O)3–CO are observed in the C–O stretch fundamental region (≈2150 cm−1), and their rotationally-resolved infrared spectra yield precise rotational parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - A. Pietropolli Charmet
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
- Mestre
- Italy
| | | | | | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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30
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Orr BJ. Collision-induced rovibrational energy transfer in small polyatomic molecules: the role of intramolecular perturbations. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1490463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Orr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, MQ Photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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32
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Pickering JD, Shepperson B, Christiansen L, Stapelfeldt H. Femtosecond laser induced Coulomb explosion imaging of aligned OCS oligomers inside helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5049555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Shepperson
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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33
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Barclay AJ, Pietropolli Charmet A, Michaelian KH, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Characterization of OCS–HCCCCH and N2O–HCCCCH Dimers: Theory and Experiment. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5383-5390. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A. Pietropolli Charmet
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - K. H. Michaelian
- CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, One Oil Patch Drive, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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34
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Pickering JD, Shepperson B, Hübschmann BAK, Thorning F, Stapelfeldt H. Alignment and Imaging of the CS_{2} Dimer Inside Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:113202. [PMID: 29601737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The carbon disulphide (CS_{2}) dimer is formed inside He nanodroplets and identified using fs laser-induced Coulomb explosion, by observing the CS_{2}^{+} ion recoil velocity. It is then shown that a 160 ps moderately intense laser pulse can align the dimer in advantageous spatial orientations which allow us to determine the cross-shaped structure of the dimer by analysis of the correlations between the emission angles of the nascent CS_{2}^{+} and S^{+} ions, following the explosion process. Our method will enable fs time-resolved structural imaging of weakly bound molecular complexes during conformational isomerization, including formation of exciplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Univeristy, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Shepperson
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Univeristy, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bjarke A K Hübschmann
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Univeristy, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Univeristy, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Univeristy, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - A. Mohandesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
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36
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Sode O, Cherry JN. Development of a Flexible-Monomer Two-Body Carbon Dioxide Potential and Its Application to Clusters up to (CO 2 ) 13. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2763-2774. [PMID: 29067701 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A flexible-monomer two-body potential energy function was developed that approaches the high level CCSD(T)/CBS potential energy surface (PES) of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) systems. This function was generated by fitting the electronic energies of unique CO2 monomers and dimers to permutationally invariant polynomials. More than 200,000 CO2 configurations were used to train the potential function. Comparisons of the PESs of six orientations of flexible CO2 dimers were evaluated to demonstrate the accuracy of the potential. Furthermore, the potential function was used to determine the minimum energy structures of CO2 clusters containing as many as 13 molecules. For isomers of (CO2 )3 , the potential demonstrated energetic agreement with the M06-2X functional and structural agreement of the B2PLYP-D functional at substantially reduced computational costs. A separate function, fit to MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ reference energies, was developed to directly compare the two-body potential to the ab initio MP2 level of theory. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaseni Sode
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, 33606
| | - Jasmine N Cherry
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, 33606
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37
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Lauzin C, Barclay AJ, Michaelian KH, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. New Infrared Bands of the C-Bonded Isomer of OC-N 2O and Determination of Two Intermolecular Frequencies. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3952-3957. [PMID: 28508652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three combination bands involving intermolecular modes of the most stable isomer of the OC-N2O van der Waals complex have been observed, two in the carbon monoxide CO stretch region (∼2150 cm-1) and one in the ν3 asymmetric stretch region of N2O (∼2223 cm-1). Vibrational assignment is achieved by comparison with data recently published ( Barclay , A. ; et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2016 , 62 , 651 ), concerning OC-CO2. Two of these bands involve the same intermolecular mode, one with the CO stretch and the other with the ν3 asymmetric stretch of N2O. The values of intermolecular frequency deduced from these two bands agree very well, showing no significant dependence on intramolecular vibrational excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lauzin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A J Barclay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - K H Michaelian
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY in Devon , 1 Oil Patch Drive, Suite A202, Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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38
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Andersen J, Heimdal J, Nelander B, Wugt Larsen R. Competition between weak OH⋯π and CH⋯O hydrogen bonds: THz spectroscopy of the C2H2—H2O and C2H4—H2O complexes. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:194302. [PMID: 28527443 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Heimdal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B Nelander
- MAX-IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - R Wugt Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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40
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Herman M, Földes T, Didriche K, Lauzin C, Vanfleteren T. Overtone spectroscopy of molecular complexes containing small polyatomic molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2016.1171039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Barclay A, Sheybani-deloui S, Michaelian K, Mckellar A, Moazzen-ahmadi N. Intermolecular vibrational frequencies of the C-bonded CO2CO dimer and observation of He CO2CO trimers. Chem Phys Lett 2016; 651:62-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Rezaei M, Norooz Oliaee J, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. Infrared spectra reveal box-like structures for a pentamer and hexamer of mixed carbon dioxide-acetylene clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1381-5. [PMID: 26315679 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Except for a few cases like water and carbon dioxide, identification and structural characterization of clusters with more than four monomers is rare. Here, we provide experimental and theoretical evidence for existence of box-like structures for a pentamer and a hexamer of mixed carbon dioxide-acetylene clusters. Two mid-infrared cluster absorption bands are observed in the CO2ν3 band region using a tunable diode laser to probe a pulsed supersonic jet. Each requires the presence of both carbon dioxide and acetylene in the jet, and (from observed rotational spacings) involves clusters containing about 4 to 7 molecules. Structures are predicted for mixed CO2 + C2H2 clusters using a distributed multipole model, and the bands are assigned to a specific pentamer, (CO2)3-(C2H2)2, and hexamer, (CO2)4-(C2H2)2. The hexamer has a box-like structure whose D2d symmetry is supported by observed intensity alternation in the spectrum. The pentamer has a closely related structure which is obtained by removing one CO2 molecule from the hexamer. These are among the largest mixed molecular clusters to be assigned by high-resolution spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Rezaei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Rahul Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shridhar R. Gadre
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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44
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Abstract
Infrared spectra of Ne-C2D2 are observed in the region of the ν3 fundamental band (asymmetric C-D stretch, ≈2440 cm(-1)) using a tunable optical parametric oscillator to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion from a cooled nozzle. Like helium-acetylene, this system lies close to the free rotor limit, making analysis tricky because stronger transitions tend to pile up close to monomer (C2D2) rotation-vibration transitions. Assignments are aided by predicted rotational energies calculated from a published ab initio intermolecular potential energy surface. The analysis extends up to the j = 3←2 band, where j labels C2D2 rotation within the dimer, and is much more complete than the limited infrared assignments previously reported for Ne-C2H2 and Ne-C2HD. Two previous microwave transitions within the j = 1 state of Ne-C2D2 are reassigned. Coriolis model fits to the theoretical levels and to the spectrum are compared. Since the variations observed as a function of C2D2 vibrational excitation are comparable to those noted between theory and experiment, it is evident that more detailed testing of theory will require vibrational averaging over the acetylene intramolecular modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Berta Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Farrelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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45
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Sheybani-Deloui S, Barclay AJ, Michaelian KH, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. Communication: Spectroscopic observation of the O-bonded T-shaped isomer of the CO-CO2 dimer and two of its intermolecular frequencies. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:121101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4932043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Suas-David N, Vanfleteren T, Földes T, Kassi S, Georges R, Herman M. The Water Dimer Investigated in the 2OH Spectral Range Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10022-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Suas-David
- Institut
de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu,
Bât. 11C, Université de Rennes 1/CNRS, F-35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - T. Vanfleteren
- Laboratoire
de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, CP160/09 Faculté des
Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50, ave. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - T. Földes
- Laboratoire
de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, CP160/09 Faculté des
Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50, ave. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S. Kassi
- Laboratoire
Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR 5588, Université de Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - R. Georges
- Institut
de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu,
Bât. 11C, Université de Rennes 1/CNRS, F-35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - M. Herman
- Laboratoire
de Chimie quantique et Photophysique, CP160/09 Faculté des
Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50, ave. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Evangelisti L, Perez C, Seifert NA, Pate BH, Dehghany M, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. Theory vs. experiment for molecular clusters: Spectra of OCS trimers and tetramers. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:104309. [PMID: 25770542 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All singly substituted (13)C, (18)O, and (34)S isotopomers of the previously known OCS trimer are observed in natural abundance in a broad-band spectrum measured with a chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The complete substitution structure thus obtained critically tests (and confirms) the common assumption that monomers tend to retain their free structure in a weakly bound cluster. A new OCS trimer isomer is also observed, and its structure is determined to be barrel-shaped but with the monomers all approximately aligned, in contrast to the original trimer which is barrel-shaped with two monomers aligned and one anti-aligned. An OCS tetramer spectrum is assigned for the first time, and the tetramer structure resembles an original trimer with an OCS monomer added at the end with two sulfur atoms. Infrared spectra observed in the region of the OCS ν1 fundamental (≈2060 cm(-1)) are assigned to the same OCS tetramer, and another infrared band is tentatively assigned to a different tetramer isomer. The experimental results are compared and contrasted with theoretical predictions from the literature and from new cluster calculations which use an accurate OCS pair potential and assume pairwise additivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Evangelisti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Cristobal Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Nathan A Seifert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Brooks H Pate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Dehghany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Abstract
Spectra of the helium-acetylene complex are elusive because this weakly bound system lies close to the free rotor limit. Previously, limited assignments of He-C2D2 transitions in the R(0) region of the ν3 fundamental band (≈2440 cm(-1)) were published. Here, new He-C2D2 infrared spectra of this band are obtained using a tunable optical parametric oscillator laser source to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion from a cooled nozzle, and the analysis is extended to the weaker and more difficult P(1) and R(1) regions. A term value approach is used to obtain a consistent set of "experimental" energy levels. These are compared directly with calculations using two recently reported ab initio intermolecular potential energy surfaces, which exhibit small but significant differences. Rovibrational energies for the He-C2H2 complex are also calculated using both surfaces. A Coriolis model, useful for predicting spectral intensities, is used to interpret the energy level patterns, and a comparison with the isoelectronic complex He-CO is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moazzen-Ahmadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A R W McKellar
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Berta Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Farrelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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49
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Asfin RE, Buldyreva JV, Sinyakova TN, Oparin DV, Filippov NN. Communication: evidence of stable van der Waals CO2 clusters relevant to Venus atmosphere conditions. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:051101. [PMID: 25662626 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-intrusive spectroscopic probing of weakly bound van der Waals complexes forming in gaseous carbon dioxide is generally performed at low pressures, for instance in supersonic jets, where the low temperature favors dimers, or in few-atmosphere samples, where the signature of dimers varying as the squared gas density is entangled with the dominating collision-induced absorption. We report experimental and theoretical results on CO2 dimers at very high pressures approaching the liquid phase. We observe that the shape of the CO2-dimer bands undergoes a distinctive line-mixing transformation, which reveals an unexpected stability of the dimers despite the collisions with the surrounding particles and negates the common belief that CO2 dimers are short-lived complexes. Our results furnish a deeper insight allowing a better modeling of CO2-rich atmospheres and provide also a new spectroscopic tool for studying the robustness of molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan E Asfin
- Faculty of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jeanna V Buldyreva
- Institute UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, University of Franche-Comte, 25030 Besancon cedex, France
| | - Tatyana N Sinyakova
- Faculty of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniil V Oparin
- Faculty of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai N Filippov
- Faculty of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208 016, India
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