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Zhao W, Li B, Hao J, Sun R, He P, Lv H, He M, Shen J, Han Y. Therapeutic potential of natural products and underlying targets for the treatment of aortic aneurysm. Pharmacol Ther 2024:108652. [PMID: 38657777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease characterized by irreversible vasodilatation that can lead to dissection and rupture of the aortic aneurysm, a life-threatening condition. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are two main types. The typical treatments for aortic aneurysms are open surgery and endovascular aortic repair, which are only indicated for more severe patients. Most patients with aneurysms have an insidious onset and slow progression, and there are no effective drugs to treat this stage. The inability of current animal models to perfectly simulate all the pathophysiological states of human aneurysms may be the key to this issue. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this disease, finding new therapeutic targets, and developing effective drugs to inhibit the development of aneurysms are the main issues of current research. Natural products have been applied for thousands of years to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China and other Asian countries. In recent years, natural products have combined multi-omics, computational biology, and integrated pharmacology to accurately analyze drug components and targets. Therefore, the multi-component and multi-target complexity of natural products have made them a potentially ideal treatment for multifactorial diseases such as aortic aneurysms. Natural products have regained popularity worldwide. This review provides an overview of the known natural products for the treatment of TAA and AAA and searches for potential cardiovascular-targeted natural products that may treat TAA and AAA based on various cellular molecular mechanisms associated with aneurysm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bufan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinjun Hao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruochen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongyu Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mou He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Yu J, Wang J, Yang J, Ouyang T, Gao H, Kan H, Yang Y. New insight into the mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba leaves in the treatment of cancer. Phytomedicine 2024; 122:155088. [PMID: 37844377 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs), as an herbal dietary supplement and a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used in treating diseases for hundred years. Recently, increasing evidence reveals that the extracts and active ingredients of GBLs have anti-cancer (chemo-preventive) properties. However, the molecular mechanism of GBLs in anti-cancer has not been comprehensively summarized. PURPOSE To systematically summarize the literatures for identifying the molecular mechanism of GBLs in cellular, animal models and clinical trials of cancers, as well as for critically evaluating the current evidence of efficacy and safety of GBLs for cancers. METHODS Employing the search terms "Ginkgo biloba" and "cancer" till July 25, 2023, a comprehensive search was carried out in four electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The articles not contained in the databases are performed by manual searches and all the literatures on anti-cancer research and mechanism of action of GBLs was extracted and summarized. The quality of methodology was assessed independently through PRISMA 2020. RESULTS Among 84 records found in the database, 28 were systematic reviews related to GBLs, while the remaining 56 records were related to the anticancer effects of GBLs, which include studies on the anticancer activities and mechanisms of extracts or its components in GBLs at cellular, animal, and clinical levels. During these studies, the top six cancer types associated with GBLs are lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and cervical cancer. Further analysis reveals that GBLs primarily exert their anticancer effects by stimulating cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and migration of cancers, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and modulating signaling pathways. Besides, the pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical research on the anti-tumor activity of GBLs have also been discussed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first paper to thoroughly investigate the pharmacology effect, toxicology, and the mechanisms of action of GBLs for anti-cancer properties. All the findings will reinforce the need to explore the new usage of GBLs in cancers and offer comprehensive reference data and recommendations for future research on this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinsese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinsese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinsese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinsese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Hongxing Kan
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinsese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China; Anhui Computer Application Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinsese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China; Anhui Computer Application Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
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Rani J, Dhull SB, Rose PK, Kidwai MK. Drug-induced liver injury and anti-hepatotoxic effect of herbal compounds: a metabolic mechanism perspective. Phytomedicine 2024; 122:155142. [PMID: 37913641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most challenging and thought-provoking liver problem for hepatologists owing to unregulated medication usage in medical practices, nutritional supplements, and botanicals. Due to underreporting, analysis, and identification issues, clinically evaluated medication hepatotoxicity is prevalent yet hard to quantify. PURPOSE This review's primary objective is to thoroughly compare pharmaceutical drugs and herbal compounds that have undergone clinical trials, focusing on their metabolic mechanisms contributing to the onset of liver illnesses and their hepatoprotective effects. METHODS The data was gathered from several online sources, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, using appropriate keywords. RESULTS The prevalence of conventional and herbal medicine is rising. A comprehensive understanding of the metabolic mechanism is necessary to mitigate the hepatotoxicity induced by drugs and facilitate the incorporation or substitution of herbal medicine instead of pharmaceuticals. Moreover, pre-clinical pharmacological research has the potential to facilitate the development of natural products as therapeutic agents, displaying promising possibilities for their eventual clinical implementation. CONCLUSIONS Acetaminophen, isoniazid, rifampicin, diclofenac, and pyrogallol have been identified as the most often reported synthetic drugs that produce hepatotoxicity by oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis during the last several decades. Due to their ability to downregulate many factors (such as cytokines) and activate several enzyme/enzyme systems, herbal substances (such as Gingko biloba extract, curcumin, resveratrol, and silymarin) provide superior protection against harmful mechanisms which induce hepatotoxicity with fewer adverse effects than their synthetic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rani
- Department of Botany, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Rose
- Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.
| | - Mohd Kashif Kidwai
- Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
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Abdalla ZA, Abtar AN, Kareem AA, Ahmed ZA, Aziz TA. Study of the effect of bezafibrate with ginkgo biloba extracts in an animal model of hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101582. [PMID: 38059266 PMCID: PMC10696391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of combining bezafibrate with ginkgo biloba in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty Wister albino rats were allocated into five groups: The negative control group, the positive control group, both received 1 ml of D.W, bezafibrate group received (100 mg/kg), ginkgo biloba group received (60 mg/kg) and the fifth group received bezafibrate + ginkgo biloba. All the treatments were for 14 days along with doxorubicin on days 11-14 except for the negative control. Blood samples were used for the measurement of ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, total bilirubin, albumin, globulin, GSH, catalase, and IL-6. Liver tissue was sent for histopathological examination. The combination of ginkgo biloba and bezafibrate significantly decreased AST, ALP, AST/ALT ratio, albumin/globulin ratio, and IL-6 with significant elevations of catalase, and GSH. The combination group produced more hepatoprotection. This could be attributed to the additive anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhwan Azad Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Asoo Nihad Abtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Azad Kareem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zheen Aorahman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Tavga Ahmed Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Gürler M, Selçuk EB, Özerol BG, Tanbek K, Taşlıdere E, Yıldız A, Yağın FH, Gürel E. Protective effect of dexpanthenol against methotrexate-induced liver oxidative toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:708-716. [PMID: 35655424 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2084103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate is a familiar chemotherapeutic preferred in a wide range of clinical fields such as leukemia, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, neoplastic and autoimmune disorders. However, methotrexate therapy has limitations as it causes severe side effects from which liver damage is the most important one. Several antioxidant compounds have been studied against methotrexate related liver toxicity, but dexpanthenol has not been experienced. Vitamin B5-derived dexpanthenol is a usual therapeutic having a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ameliorating effect of dexpanthenol against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity. We performed our experiments on Wistar albino rats divided randomly into four groups involving control, dexphantenol, dexpanthenol + methotrexate and methotrexate applied animals. After this experimental work on rats, for the first time, we showed dexpanthenol improvement effect on ROS-caused hepatotoxicity initiated by methotrexate administration in terms of liver tissue antioxidant/oxidant enzymes, liver function tests, and histological changes. We suggest that dexpanthenol might be applied during methotrexate treatment in order to reduce the liver toxicity. However, further studies are needed to find out the optimal dose regimen and to understand the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes Gürler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Burak Selçuk
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Beyza Güzide Özerol
- Department of Family Medicine, Yesilyurt Hasan Çalık State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Kevser Tanbek
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Taşlıdere
- Department of Histology, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Azibe Yıldız
- Department of Histology, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Hilal Yağın
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Gürel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Wolf J, Hoffman L, Southern C. Successful Management of Severe Manganese Toxicosis in Two Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2023; 59:152-157. [PMID: 37167249 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is a common component of human joint supplements and may be a source of ingestion and subsequent toxicosis in dogs. Although hepatotoxicity secondary to manganese toxicosis has been reported in dogs before, no descriptions of successful management of manganese toxicosis has been reported in veterinary literature. A 5 yr old spayed female Shetland sheepdog and a 5 yr old female Shetland sheepdog were evaluated following accidental ingestion of a joint supplement. Consultation with a toxicologist revealed concern for manganese toxicosis resulting in hepatic injury. Both dogs developed subsequent acute liver injury, despite decontamination and initial management with N-acetylcysteine and cholestyramine. The patients were managed with calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, paraaminosalicylic acid, allopurinol, Vitamin E, ginkgo biloba, and S-adenosylmethionine/silybin. Liver values returned to normal in both dogs. Manganese exposure was confirmed with urine manganese analysis in one dog and fecal examination in the other dog. A previous case report detailed the fatal manganese toxicosis in a dog; this case report describes the successful management of severe acute hepatic injury secondary to manganese toxicosis. The combination of medications used above may be used for successful treatment of manganese toxicosis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Wolf
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.W., C.S.); and the United States Army, San Antonio, Texas (L.H.)
| | - Levi Hoffman
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.W., C.S.); and the United States Army, San Antonio, Texas (L.H.)
| | - Carl Southern
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.W., C.S.); and the United States Army, San Antonio, Texas (L.H.)
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Yao J, Tang S, Shi C, Lin Y, Ge L, Chen Q, Ou B, Liu D, Miao Y, Xie Q, Tang X, Fei J, Yang G, Tian J, Zeng X. Isoginkgetin, a potential CDK6 inhibitor, suppresses SLC2A1/GLUT1 enhancer activity to induce AMPK-ULK1-mediated cytotoxic autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Autophagy 2023; 19:1221-1238. [PMID: 36048765 PMCID: PMC10012924 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2119353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoginkgetin (ISO), a natural biflavonoid, exhibited cytotoxic activity against several types of cancer cells. However, its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and mechanism remain unclear. Here, we revealed that ISO effectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. LC3-II expression and autophagosomes were increased under ISO treatment. In addition, ISO-induced cell death was attenuated by treatment with chloroquine or knockdown of autophagy-related genes (ATG5 or ULK1). ISO significantly suppressed SLC2A1/GLUT1 (solute carrier family 2 member 1) expression and glucose uptake, leading to activation of the AMPK-ULK1 axis in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of SLC2A1/GLUT1 abrogated ISO-induced autophagy. Combining molecular docking with thermal shift analysis, we confirmed that ISO directly bound to the N terminus of CDK6 (cyclin-dependent kinase 6) and promoted its degradation. Overexpression of CDK6 abrogated ISO-induced inhibition of SLC2A1/GLUT1 transcription and induction of autophagy. Furthermore, ISO treatment significantly decreased the H3K27ac, H4K8ac and H3K4me1 levels on the SLC2A1/GLUT1 enhancer in HepG2 cells. Finally, ISO suppressed the hepatocarcinogenesis in the HepG2 xenograft mice and the diethylnitrosamine+carbon tetrachloride (DEN+CCl4)-induced primary HCC mice and we confirmed SLC2A1/GLUT1 and CDK6 as promising oncogenes in HCC by analysis of TCGA data and human HCC tissues. Our results provide a new molecular mechanism by which ISO treatment or CDK6 deletion promotes autophagy; that is, ISO targeting the N terminus of CDK6 for degradation inhibits the expression of SLC2A1/GLUT1 by decreasing the enhancer activity of SLC2A1/GLUT1, resulting in decreased glucose levels and inducing the AMPK-ULK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyan Shi
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Ge
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of pathology(Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoru Ou
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiujie Xie
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Key Lab for New Drug Research of TCM and Guangdong Innovative Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang R, Li R, Lian X, Yang Y, Yan J, Yin Z, Wang G, Sun J, Peng Y. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in rats with hyperlipidaemia. Food Funct 2023; 14:3051-3066. [PMID: 36916480 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is a common dietary supplement used by people with dyslipidaemia worldwide to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Many studies have found that GBE itself has a variety of pharmacological activities. However, the role of GBE as an adjunct to conventional therapy with chemical drugs remains controversial. Therefore, this study explored the additional benefits of GBE in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia with statins in terms of both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. A hyperlipidaemia model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet for a long time. The animals were treated with atorvastatin only, GBE only, or a combination of atorvastatin and GBE. The results showed that statins combined with GBE could significantly improve the blood lipid parameters, reduce the liver fat content, and reduce the size of adipocytes in abdominal fat. The effect was superior to statin therapy alone. In addition, the combination has shown additional liver protection against possible pathological liver injury or statin-induced liver injury. A lipidomic study showed that GBE could regulate the abnormal lipid metabolism of the liver in hyperlipemia. When statins are combined with GBE, this callback effect introduced by GBE on endogenous metabolism has important implications for resistance to disease progression and statin resistance. Finally, in the presence of GBE, there was a significant increase in plasma statin exposure. These results all confirmed that GBE has incremental benefits as a dietary supplement of statin therapy for dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Zihou Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Run Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Xiaoru Lian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Yanquan Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jiao Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
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9
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Di Martino V, Verhoeven DW, Verhoeven F, Aubin F, Avouac J, Vuitton L, Lioté F, Thévenot T, Wendling D. Busting the myth of methotrexate chronic hepatotoxicity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:96-110. [PMID: 36564450 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate is a key component of the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases and the mainstay of therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Hepatotoxicity has long been a concern for prescribers envisaging long-term treatment with methotrexate for their patients. However, the putative liver toxicity of methotrexate should be evaluated in the context of advances in our knowledge of the pathogenesis and natural history of liver disease, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Notably, patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for methotrexate hepatotoxicity, and methotrexate can worsen the course of NAFLD. Understanding the mechanisms of acute hepatotoxicity can facilitate the interpretation of elevated concentrations of liver enzymes in this context. Liver fibrosis and the mechanisms of fibrogenesis also need to be considered in relation to chronic exposure to methotrexate. A number of non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis are available for use in patients with rheumatic disease, in addition to liver biopsy, which can be appropriate for particular individuals. On the basis of the available evidence, practical suggestions for pretreatment screening and long-term monitoring of methotrexate therapy can be made for patients who have (or are at risk for) chronic liver disease.
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Sun X, Zhu Y, Li F, Li M, Wan G, Elmouki I. Cardioprotective Mechanism and Active Compounds of Folium Ginkgo on Adriamycin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Network Pharmacology Study. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022; 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36213575 PMCID: PMC9534669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4338260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the mechanism of Folium Ginkgo (FG) against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) through a network pharmacology approach. Methods. Active ingredients of FG were screened by TCMSP, and the targets of active ingredient were collected by Genclip3 and HERB databases. AIC-related target genes were predicted by Genecards, OMIM, and CTD databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING platform and imported into Cytoscape software to construct the FG-active ingredients-targets-AIC network, and CytoNCA plug-in was used to analyze and identify the core target genes. The Metascape platform was used for transcription factor, GO and signaling pathway enrichment analysis. Results. 27 active ingredients of FG and 1846 potential targets were obtained and 358 AIC target genes were retrieved. The intersection of FG and AIC targets resulted in 218 target genes involved in FG action. The top 5 active ingredients with most targets were quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and sesamin. After constructing the FG-active ingredients-targets-AIC network, CytoNCA analysis yielded 51 core targets, of which the top ranked target was STAT3. Ninety important transcription factors were enriched by transcription factor enrichment analysis, including RELA, TP53, NFKB1, SP1, JUN, STAT3, etc. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the effective active ingredient targets of FG were involved in apoptotic signaling, response to growth factor, cellular response to chemical stress, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, etc. The signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that there were many signaling pathways involved in AIC, mainly including pathways in cancer, FOXO signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, signaling by interleukins, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,. Conclusions. The study based on a network pharmacology approach demonstrates that the possible mechanisms of FG against AIC are the involvement of multicomponents, multitargets, and multipathways, and STAT3 may be a key target. Further experiments are needed to verify the results.
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Hendawy AS, El-Lakkany NM, Mantawy EM, Hammam OA, Botros SS, El-Demerdash E. Vildagliptin alleviates liver fibrosis in NASH diabetic rats via modulation of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades. Life Sci 2022; 304:120695. [PMID: 35671811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Vilda in a NASH model with liver fibrosis and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS To induce NASH, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks with a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg, IP). Vilda was orally administered at two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 20 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The induction of NASH was validated by abnormalities in hepatotoxicity indices, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and pathologically by marked fat deposition in hepatic tissues together with severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, NASH-affected rats demonstrated reduced insulin sensitivity manifested as elevated fasting blood glucose levels and disrupted homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. Vilda, at both doses, effectively abrogated all these pathological features of NASH. Mechanistically, these hepatoprotective properties of Vilda can be attributed to its antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects (by inhibiting the TNF-α, NF-κB, JNK, and JAK/STAT pathways), and insulin-sensitizing effect (by upregulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway). Besides, Vilda successfully counteracted NASH-associated liver fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-β1 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE The hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of Vilda were mostly dose-dependent. Collectively, this study offered a promising therapeutic avenue for Vilda as a novel strategy for counteracting the pathological progression of NASH and associated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S Botros
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Alfwuaires MA. Galangin mitigates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a rat model of methotrexate hepatotoxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:20279-20288. [PMID: 34729716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent for treating various malignancies and autoimmune diseases. However, the long-term use of MTX can result in hepatotoxicity and this limits its use. Galangin (Gal) is a potent flavonoid with various biological activities; however, its protective effect against MTX hepatotoxicity has not been previously investigated. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective of Gal against MTX-induced liver injury. Rats received Gal for 10 days and a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) at day 7. The administration of MTX induced liver damage reflected by increased serum biomarkers of liver function and histopathological manifestations. MTX increased hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and diminished GSH and antioxidant enzymes. Gal relieved liver injury, ameliorated liver function, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers, and increased antioxidants in MTX-treated rats. In addition, Gal decreased the expression of inflammation and apoptosis markers in MTX-treated rats. In conclusion, Gal possesses a hepatoprotective effect mediated by attenuating oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
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Kilanczyk E, Banales JM, Jurewicz E, Milkiewicz P, Milkiewicz M. p-STAT3 is a PDC-E2 interacting partner in human cholangiocytes and hepatocytes with potential pathobiological implications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21649. [PMID: 34737337 PMCID: PMC8569217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The E2 component of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is the key autoantigen in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and STAT3 is an inflammatory modulator that participates in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases. This study investigated whether PDC-E2 interacts with STAT3 in human cholangiocytes (NHC) and hepatocytes (Hep-G2) under cholestatic conditions induced by glyco-chenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC). GCDC induced PDC-E2 expression in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction of NHC, whereas in Hep-G2 cells PDC-E2 expression was induced only in the cytoplasmic fraction. GCDC-treatment stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3 in the cytoplasmic fraction of NHC. siRNA-mediated gene silencing of PDC-E2 reduced the expression of pY-STAT3 in NHC but not in HepG2 cells. Immunoprecipitation and a proximity ligation assay clearly demonstrated that GCDC enhanced pY-STAT3 binding to PDC-E2 in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction of NHC cells. Staining with Mitotracker revealed mitochondrial co-localization of PDC-E2/pS-STAT3 complexes in NHC and Hep-G2 cells. In cirrhotic PBC livers the higher expression of both PDC-E2 and pY-STAT3 was observed. The immunoblot analysis demonstrated the occurrence of double bands of PDC-E2 protein in control livers, which was associated with a lower expression of pY-STAT3. Our data indicate the interaction between PDC-E2 and phosphorylated STAT3 under cholestatic conditions, which may play a role in the development of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kilanczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital - Ikerbasque, CIBERehd, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Ezhilarasan D. Hepatotoxic potentials of methotrexate: Understanding the possible toxicological molecular mechanisms. Toxicology 2021; 458:152840. [PMID: 34175381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most effective and widely used drugs in the management of autoimmune and dermatological diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis patients who are under long term MTX-therapy are at high risk of developing a liver injury. Accumulation of intracellular MTX-polyglutamate (MTX-PG), a metabolite of MTX triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and apoptosis in hepatocytes. MTX-PG causes oxidative stress in the liver by inducing lipid peroxidation thereby releasing reactive oxygen species and suppressing antioxidant response elements. MTX-PG induces several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa B and interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL- β1, IL-12. MTX-PG depletes hepatic folate level and decreases RNA and DNA synthesis leading to hepatocyte death. MTX-PG inhibits 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase enzyme and thereby causes accumulation of intracellular adenosine, which causes activation of hepatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix accumulation and hepatic fibrosis. MTX-PG induces hepatocytes apoptosis by activation of caspase 3 via the intrinsic pathway. Clinically, aggravation of underlying fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis seems to be an important mechanism of liver injury in MTX-treated RA patients. Therefore, there is a need for monitoring liver injury in RA, psoriatic and cancer patients with NAFLD and fibrosis risk factors during MTX treatment. This review summarizes the possible molecular mechanism of MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. It may pave the way for early detection of liver injury and develop novel strategies for treating MTX mediated hepatotoxicity.
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