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Mousazadeh M, Naghdali Z, Kabdaşlı I, Sandoval MA, Titchou FE, Malekdar F, Nasr M, Martínez-Huitle CA, Lichtfouse E, Emamjomeh MM. Reclamation of forward osmosis reject water containing hexavalent chromium via coupled electrochemical-physical processes. Environ Technol 2024; 45:888-901. [PMID: 36174186 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis is a water separation process that uses the natural energy of osmotic pressure to separate water from dissolved solutes through a semipermeable membrane. One of the major challenges using this process is the rejection water which contains high content of pollutants, hindering its practical application. Herein, for the first time, this work introduces a coupled electrochemical-physical process including iron-electrocoagulation/filtration/sedimentation as a cost-effective treatment to the forward osmosis reject water containing hexavalent chromium to be reclaimed. The synergistic treatment was optimized through a central composite design and response surface methodology to enhance hexavalent Cr removal and minimize operating costs, electrical energy consumption, and settled sludge volume. A 90.0% chromium removal was achieved under optimized conditions: electrolysis time of 59.7 min and current of 1.24 A (J = 6.32 mA cm-2). In addition, operating costs of 0.014 USD m-3, electrical energy consumption of 0.005 kWh m-3, and settled sludge volume of 445 mL L-1 were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zohreh Naghdali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Işık Kabdaşlı
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
| | - Miguel A Sandoval
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Farideh Malekdar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
- Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental and Applied Electrochemical Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Bi J, Xing S, Shan G, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Zhu D, Hao H. Electro-intensified simultaneous decontamination of coexisting pollutants in wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166949. [PMID: 37696408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of wastewater has become increasingly challenging as a result of its growing complexity. To achieve synergistic removal of coexisting pollutants in wastewater, one promising approach involves the integration of electric fields. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the potential of integrating electric fields and developing efficient electro-intensified simultaneous decontamination systems for wastewater containing coexisting pollutants. The review focused on comprehending the applications and mechanisms of these systems, with a particular emphasis on the deliberate utilization of positive and negative charges. After analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, and application efficacy of these systems, we observed electro-intensified systems exhibit flexible potential through their rational combination, allowing for an expanded range of applications in addressing simultaneous decontamination challenges. Unlike the reviews focusing on single elimination, this work aims to provide guidance in addressing the environmental problems resulting from the coexistence of hazardous contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Bi
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Siyang Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guoqiang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Dongyang Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, TX 77005, United States
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Jena G, Dutta K, Daverey A. Surfactants in water and wastewater (greywater): Environmental toxicity and treatment options. Chemosphere 2023; 341:140082. [PMID: 37689147 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant, an emerging pollutant present in greywater, raises the toxicity levels in the water body. Soap, detergent, and personal care items add surfactant to greywater. Due to excessive washing and cleaning procedures brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the release of surfactants in greywater has also increased. Considering the environmental toxicity and problems it creates during the treatment, it's essential to remove surfactants from the wastewater. This review intends to explain and address the environmental toxicity of the surfactant released via greywater and current techniques for surfactant removal from wastewater. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods are reported. Modern adsorbents such as hydrophilic silica nanoparticles, chitosan, fly ash, and iron oxide remove surfactants by adsorption. Membrane filtration effectively removes surfactants but is not cost-effective. Coagulants (chemical and natural coagulants) neutralize surfactant charges and help remove them as bigger particles. Electrocoagulation/electroflotation causes surfactants to coagulate and float. Microorganisms break down surfactants in microbial fuel cells to generate power. Surfactants are removed by natural processes and plants in constructed wetlands where traditional aerobic and anaerobic approaches use microbes to break down surfactants. Constructed wetlands, natural coagulation-flocculation, and microbial fuel cells are environmentally beneficial methods to remove surfactants from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanaranjan Jena
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Kasturi Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Achlesh Daverey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248012, India.
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Othmani A, Kadier A, Singh R, Igwegbe CA, Bouzid M, Aquatar MO, Khanday WA, Bote ME, Damiri F, Gökkuş Ö, Sher F. A comprehensive review on green perspectives of electrocoagulation integrated with advanced processes for effective pollutants removal from water environment. Environ Res 2022; 215:114294. [PMID: 36113573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly expanding global energy demand is forcing a release of regulated pollutants into water that is threatening human health. Among various wastewater remediating processes, electrocoagulation (EC) has scored a monumental success over conventional processes because it combines coagulation, sedimentation, floatation and electrochemical oxidation processes that can effectively decimate numerous stubborn pollutants. The EC processes have gained some attention through various academic and industrial publications, however critical evaluation of EC processes, choices of EC processes for various pollutants, process parameters, mechanisms, commercial EC technologies and performance enhancement via other degradation processes (DPs) integration have not been comprehensively covered to date. Therefore, the major objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of 20 years of literature covering EC fundamentals, key process factors for a reactor design, process implementation, current challenges and performance enhancement by coupling EC with pivotal pollutant DPs including, electro/photo-Fenton (E/P-F), photocatalysis, sono-chemical treatment, ozonation, indirect electrochemical/advanced oxidation (AO), and biosorption that have substantially reduced metals, pathogens, toxic compound BOD, COD, colors in wastewater. The results suggest that the optimum treatment time, current density, pulse frequency, shaking speed and spaced electrode improve the pollutants removal efficiency. An elegant process design can prevent electrode passivation which is a critical limitation of EC technology. EC coupling (up or downstream) with other DPs has resulted in the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals with a 20% improved efficiency by EC-EF, removal of 85.5% suspended solid, 76.2% turbidity, 88.9% BOD, 79.7% COD and 93% color by EC-electroflotation, 100% decolorization by EC-electrochemical-AO, reduction of 78% COD, 81% BOD, 97% color by EC-ozonation and removal of 94% ammonia, 94% BOD, 95% turbidity, >98% phosphorus by aerated EC and peroxicoagulation. The major wastewater purification achievements, future potential and challenges are described to model the future EC integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Raghuveer Singh
- Research Division, James R. Randall Research Center, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, Decatur, IL, 62521, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Bouzid
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Md Osim Aquatar
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Waheed Ahmad Khanday
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, 192101, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, 20000, Morocco
| | - Ömür Gökkuş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Tawfik A, Mostafa A, Elsamadony M, Pant D, Fujii M. Unraveling the metabolic shift in anaerobic digestion pathways associated with the alteration of onion skin waste concentration. Environ Res 2022; 212:113494. [PMID: 35660404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Onion skin waste (OSW) is common waste in developing countries, which can cause severe environmental pollution when not properly treated. Value-added products can be chemically extracted from OSW; however, that process is not economically feasible. Alternatively, dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) of OSW is a promising approach for both energy recovery and environment protection. The main hurdles during DAD of OSW can be the hydrolysis and acidification. In batch tests, sludge digestate (SD) rich with methanogens was co-digested with different fractions of OSW for enhancing hydrolysis and raising biogas productivity. The cumulative biogas production (CBP) was 36.6 ± 0.3 mL for sole DAD of SD (100% SD) and increased up to 281.9 ± 14.1 mL for (50% SD: 50% OSW) batch. Self-delignification of OSW took place by SD addition, where the lignin removal reached 75.3 ± 10.5% for (85% SD: 15% OSW) batch. Increasing the fraction of OSW (45% SD: 55% OSW) reduced the delignification by a value of 68.8%, where initial lignin concentration was 9.48 ± 1.6% in dry weight. Lignin breaking down resulted a high fraction of phenolic compounds (345.6 ± 58.8 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) in the fermentation medium, causing CBP drop (219.0 ± 28.5 mL). The presence of elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, S and P) in OSW improved the enzymatic activity, facilitated phenolic compounds degradation, shifted the metabolism towards acetate fermentation pathway, and raised biogas productivity. Acidogenesis was less affected by phenolic compounds than methanogenesis, causing higher H2 contents and lower CH4 contents, at batches with high share of OSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alsayed Mostafa
- Department of Smart-city Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Mohamed Elsamadony
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521 Tanta City, Egypt; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Al-samarrai SY, Karaghool HAK, Abdulridha A, Al-ansari N, Salman JM, Al-sareji OJ. Minimizing the Fluoride Load in Water Using the Electrocoagulation Method: An Experimental Approach. Environments 2022; 9:38. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The abundant presence of fluoride (F-) in surface water bodies is an environmental concern because of its effects on human health; medical reports confirmed that fluoride intake above 1.5 mg/L leads to many health complications, including but not limited to weak bones and enamel fluorosis. Thus, the World Health Organisation (WHO) defines 1.20 mg/L as the maximum permissible F- concentration in drinking water. The electrocoagulation method (EC) is globally practised to remove many pollutants from water due to its cost-effectiveness, safety, and ease of use. However, EC has some drawbacks, such as the lack of reactors’ design. In this study, a new EC reactor, which uses four drilled aluminium electrodes and a variant cross-section section container, was designed and used to remove F- from water. The design of the new EC eliminated the need for water mixers. The ability of the new EC unit to remove F- from synthetic water was evaluated at different current densities (CD) (1–3 mA/cm2), electrode distances (ELD) (5–15 mm), pH of the solution (pHoS) (4–10), and initial F- concentrations (IFC) (5–20 mg/L). The outcomes of this study prove that the new reactor could remove as much as 98.3% of 20 mg/l of F- at CD, ELD, pHoS, and IFC of 2 mA/cm2, 5 mm, and 4 and 10 mg/L, respectively.
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Mengistu LR, Samuel ZA, Kitila CD, Bayu AB, Venuti V. Comparison Study on Sonodirect and Sonoalternate Current Electrocoagulation Process for Domestic Wastewater Treatment. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35340980 PMCID: PMC8942696 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3477995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a problem related to wastewater handling which is released from different activities. The electrocoagulation method has been a dominant treatment method for wastewater treatment. There are different forms of electrocoagulation methods for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, there was no comparison made for the removal efficiency of the sonoalternate current (SAC), alternate current (AC), sonodirect current (SDC), and direct current (DC) electrocoagulation process. The efficiency of electrocoagulation methods was compared for their removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from Jimma University domestic wastewater. Batch Reactor DC/AC electrocoagulation cell was used to determine the removal efficiency. During the comparison, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze and optimize the data taken from the laboratory. Besides, ANOVA was used to analyze the interaction effects of different parameters. The removal of COD from domestic wastewater was achieved with DCE, ACE, SDCE, and SACE which were 82.6%, 86.58%, 88.6%, and 92.5%, respectively, under optimal experimental conditions. From the finding, SACE was more successful at removing % COD than the DCE, ACE, and SDCE methods. For DCE and SDCE, the formation of an impermeable oxide layer at the cathode and the occurrence of corrosion at the anode due to oxidation made the COD removal process less efficient compared with SACE processes. From the experimental results it can be concluded that the SACE has the lowest power consumption and higher process efficiency than the other EC methods and can be a promising solution for removing pollutants from domestic wastewater.
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Al-Kareem SA, ALKizwini RS. Statistical analysis for water quality index for Shatt-Al-Hilla river in Babel city. Water Practice and Technology 2022; 17:567-586. [DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2022.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Shatt-al-Hilla River, a branch of the Euphrates river in Babel city, Iraq. Twelve important and influential parameters were taken into account to evaluate the WQI, namely the temperature of water (Temp), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (PH), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (So4−2), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+1), biological oxygen demand (BOD), potassium (K) and turbidity. Raw and treated water quality was evaluated using two models, Weighted Calculation and Canadian Cabinet for the Environmental Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). The study area included three water treatment plants, namely New Hilla (NH), Al-Hussein (HE), and Al- Hashimyah (HA), which discharge their treated water into the Shatt-al-Hilla river. Raw and treated water samples were collected and tested regularly for nine months, from October 2020 to June 2021. The results showed all chemical and physical parameters (for both raw and treated water) met the Iraqi standards except Ca+2, turbidity and EC for raw water and temperature for treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Abd Al-Kareem
- Environmental Engineering department, Faculty of engineering, University of Babylon, Babel, Iraq
| | - Rasha Salah ALKizwini
- Environmental Engineering department, Faculty of engineering, University of Babylon, Babel, Iraq
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Al-Hayawi A. The multiplex PCR assay detection of Staphylococcus sciuri antibiotic resistance, mecA gene, and the inhibitory effect of root exudate of Nigella sativa (black seeds) treated with magnetized water. J Med Life 2022; 15:228-233. [PMID: 35419114 PMCID: PMC8999102 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
121 bacterial samples isolated from wounds from both sexes and all age groups were collected from Salahadin General Hospital, Salahadin provenance, Iraq. Only 8 Staphylococcus sciuri (S. sciuri) isolates were identified. The bacterial isolation showed the highest sensitivity to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefotaxime, Methicillin, Streptomycin, and Vancomycin and resistance to all other antibiotics. The root exudates of black seeds were used for 10 and 20 days for both treatments with and without magnetized water, and the exudates were superior when using magnetized water for 20 days. Antibiotic resistance and the mecA gene were investigated, and a multiplex PCR assay was used to detect the mecA gene in S. sciuri. Optimized conditions were used to amplify mecA fragments that encode methicillin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Al-Hayawi
- Biology Department, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Anas Al-Hayawi, Biology Department, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. E-mail:
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Moosazade M, Ashoori R, Moghimi H, Amani MA, Frontistis Z, Taheri RA. Electrochemical Recovery to Overcome Direct Osmosis Concentrate-Bearing Lead: Optimization of Treatment Process via RSM-CCD. Water 2021; 13:3136. [DOI: 10.3390/w13213136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrochemistry is a promising approach for the treatment of direct osmosis concentrate that contains a high concentration of organic pollutants and has high osmotic pressure, to achieve the safe discharge of effluent. This work addresses, for the first time, this major environmental challenge using perforated aluminum electrodes mounted in an electrocoagulation–flotation cell (PA-ECF). The design of the experiments, the modeling, and the optimization of the PA-ECF conditions for the treatment of DO concentrate rich in Pb were explored using a central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Therefore, the CCD-RSM was employed to optimize and study the effect of the independent variables, namely electrolysis time (5.85 min to 116.15 min) and current intensity (0.09 A to 2.91 A) on Pb removal. Optimal values of the process parameters were determined as an electrolysis time of 77.65 min and a current intensity of 0.9 A. In addition to Pb removal (97.8%), energy consumption, electrode mass-consumed material, and operating cost were estimated as 0.0025 kWh/m3, 0.217 kg Al/m3, and 0.423 USD/m3, respectively. In addition, it was found that DO concentrate obtained from metallurgical wastewater can be recovered through PA-ECF (almost 94% Pb removal). This work demonstrated that the PA-ECF technique could became a viable process applicable in the treatment of DO concentrate containing Pb-rich for reuse.
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Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Alam R, Sheob M, Saeed B, Khan SU, Shirinkar M, Frontistis Z, Basheer F, Farooqi IH. Use of Electrocoagulation for Treatment of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water/Wastewater: A Review Exploring Opportunities and Challenges. Water 2021; 13:2105. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing dependency on pharmaceutical compounds including antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and other drugs has threatened the environment as well as human health. Their occurrence, transformation, and fate in the environment are causing significant concerns. Several existing treatment technologies are there with their pros and cons for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (PWW). Still, electrocoagulation is considered as the modern and decisive technology for treatment. In the EC process, utilizing electricity (AC/DC) and electrodes, contaminants become coagulated with the metal hydroxide and are separated by co-precipitation. The main mechanism is charge neutralization and adsorption of contaminants on the generated flocs. The range of parameters affects the EC process and is directly related to the removal efficiency and its overall operational cost. This process only could be scaled up on the industrial level if process parameters become optimized and energy consumption is reduced. Unfortunately, the removal mechanism of particular pharmaceuticals and complex physiochemical phenomena involved in this process are not fully understood. For this reason, further research and reviews are required to fill the knowledge gap. This review discusses the use of EC for removing pharmaceuticals and focuses on removal mechanism and process parameters, the cost assessment, and the challenges involved in mitigation.
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Zhang Y, Zhao E, Cui X, Zhu W, Han X, Yu G, Wang Y. Removal of organic compounds from shale gas fracturing flowback water by an integrated electrocoagulation and electro-peroxone process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang BT, Teng Y, Zhao J, Kuang L, Sun X. Carbon nanofibers supported Co/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles for heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate and efficient oxidation of amoxicillin. J Hazard Mater 2020; 400:123290. [PMID: 32947699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanofibers supported Co/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (Co@CNFs-Ag) were synthesized for heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate and efficient oxidation of amoxicillin in this work. Co nanoparticles with a diameter of 20-30 nm were encapsulated in the carbon nanofibers to reduce the loss of Co during the preparation and catalysis processes. Ag nanoparticles (5-10 nm) were distributed on the surface of CNFs. Complete removal of amoxicillin could be achieved within 30 min by Co@CNFs-Ag activated peroxymonosulfate system. The high catalytic performance could be attributed to the large aspect ratio (> 10,000) of the carbon nanofibers and the mutual reaction of the Co/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles with peroxymonosulfate. The optimal mass ratio of oxidant and catalyst was 10 and the optimized pH was 7. Co@CNFs-Ag exhibited stable catalytic activity and minimal metal leakage over a period of 5 cycles. The activation energy of the system was 29.51 kJ/mol derived by the Arrhenius equation. Both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals contributed to amoxicillin degradation and the latter were key to the degradation. Finally, the reaction mechanism of bimetallic synergistic catalytic system and possible amoxicillin degradation pathways were elucidated. The results of this study provide novel insights for application of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lulu Kuang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Alquzweeni SS, Alkizwini RS. Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Water Using Coated Chicken Bones with Double-Layer Hydroxide (Mg/Fe-LDH). Water 2020; 12:2303. [DOI: 10.3390/w12082303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of heavy metals in freshwater sources is a grave concern due to their severe impacts on public health and aquatic life. Cadmium (Cd2+) is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, and can cause serious diseases even at low concentrations. Hence, a wide range of treatment technologies exist, such as nanofiltration and biological reactors. In this context, the present investigation aims at the development of a new adsorption medium, made from chicken bones coated with iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) hydroxides, to remove cadmium from water. This novel chicken bone functional substance was manufactured by applying layered double hydroxides (LDH) into the chicken bones. Initially, the new adsorption medium was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR technology), then it was applied to remove cadmium from water under different conditions, including pH of water (3–7.5), agitation speed (50–200 rpm), adsorbent dose (1–20 g per 100 mL), and contact time (30–120 min). Additionally, the reaction kinetics were studied using a pseudo-first order kinetic model. The results obtained from the present study proved that the new adsorption medium removed 97% of cadmium after 120 min at an agitation speed of 150 rpm, pH of 5, and adsorption dose of 10 g per 100 mL. The results also showed that the new adsorption medium contains a significant number of functional groups, including hydroxyl groups. According to the outcomes of the kinetic study, the mechanism of removing metal is attributed to surface precipitation, ion exchange, complexation, hydrogen binding between pollutants, and the LDH-chicken bone substance.
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Aqeel K, Mubarak HA, Amoako-Attah J, Abdul-Rahaim LA, Al Khaddar R, Abdellatif M, Al-Janabi A, Hashim KS. Electrochemical removal of brilliant green dye from wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/888/1/012036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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