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Barale C, Melchionda E, Tempesta G, Morotti A, Russo I. Impact of Physical Exercise on Platelets: Focus on Its Effects in Metabolic Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37627603 PMCID: PMC10451697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic disorders are strongly linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and it is unanimously accepted that regular exercise training is a key tool to improving CV risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Increased oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and their scavenging by endogenous antioxidant capacity is the common ground among these metabolic disorders, and each of them affects platelet function. However, the correction of hyperglycemia in diabetes and lipid profile in dyslipidemia as well as the lowering of body weight in obesity all correlate with amelioration of platelet function. Habitual physical exercise triggers important mechanisms related to the exercise benefits for health improvement and protects against CV events. Platelets play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development of arterial thrombosis, and physical (in)activity has been shown to interfere with platelet function. Although data reported by studies carried out on this topic show discrepancies, the current knowledge on platelet function affected by exercise mainly depends on the type of applied exercise intensity and whether acute or habitual, strenuous or moderate, thus suggesting that physical activity and exercise intensity may interfere with platelet function differently. Thus, this review is designed to cover the aspects of the relationship between physical exercise and vascular benefits, with an emphasis on the modulation of platelet function, especially in some metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, I-10043 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (E.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.)
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Heber S, Volf I. Effects of Physical (In)activity on Platelet Function. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:165078. [PMID: 26557653 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As platelet activation is closely related to the liberation of growth factors and inflammatory mediators, platelets play a central role in the development of CVD. Virtually all cardiovascular risk factors favor platelet hyperreactivity and, accordingly, also physical (in)activity affects platelet function. Within this paper, we will summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the impact of acute and habitual exercise on platelet function. Although there are apparent discrepancies regarding the reported effects of acute, strenuous exercise on platelet activation, a deeper analysis of the available literature reveals that the applied exercise intensity and the subjects' cardiorespiratory fitness represent critical determinants for the observed effects. Consideration of these factors leads to the summary that (i) acute, strenuous exercise can lead to platelet activation, (ii) regular physical activity and/or physical fitness diminish or prevent platelet activation in response to acute exercise, and (iii) habitual physical activity and/or physical fitness also favorably modulate platelet function at physical rest. Notably, these effects of exercise on platelet function show obvious similarities to the well-recognized relation between exercise and the risk for cardiovascular events where vigorous exercise transiently increases the risk for myocardial infarction and a physically active lifestyle dramatically reduces cardiovascular mortality.
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Abstract
High fluid shear stresses (FSSs) were observed in tortuous coronary arteries, especially during the strenuous exercise condition. Whether these high FSSs would enhance the shear-induced platelet activation is still unknown. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was conducted to evaluate the impact of coronary tortuosity (CT) on the shear-induced platelet activation during various conditions. A patient-specific left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery model (CT model) and the corresponding non tortuous model (nCT model) were reconstructed to perform three-dimensional CFD analysis. Lagrangian particle analysis was performed to further obtain the platelet activation state (PAS) of the platelet-like particles. No significant difference was observed between CT and nCT models on the PAS values reached by the platelet-like particles at all simulated conditions. PAS values for particles within both CT and nCT models were decreased during exercise conditions, as compared to those during the rest condition. These results confirmed that CT could not enhance the platelet activation even with extreme high FSSs existing at bend sections during the strenuous exercise condition, and the results also implied that high FSSs might not be the critical factor leading to the platelet activation during the strenuous exercise for persons without the coronary obstructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- XINZHOU XIE
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - YUANYUAN WANG
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - HONGMIN ZHU
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth People's Hospital, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - JINGMIN ZHOU
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Matsuura C, Brunini TM, Mury WV, Garcia-Pinto AB, Carvalho JJ, Mendes-Ribeiro AC. Upregulation of platelet L-arginine – nitric oxide pathway after exercise training in hypertension. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:501-5. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether physical exercise can affect platelet L-arginine – nitric oxide pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Sixteen male SHR and 16 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were divided among exercise (EX) and sedentary (SED) groups. After 20 weeks of treadmill training, systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) was significantly lower in exercised spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/EX; 138 ± 8) than in sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/SED; 214 ± 9). Exercise significantly increased platelet L-arginine transport (pmol L-arginine·(109 cells)–1·min–1), assessed by incubation with L-[3H]-arginine, in both WKY (SED, 0.196 ± 0.054 compared with EX, 0.531 ± 0.052) and SHR (SED, 0.346 ± 0.076 compared with EX, 0.600 ± 0.049). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (pmol L-citrulline·(108 cells)–1), measured by the conversion of L-[3H]-arginine to L-[3H]-citrulline, was significantly increased in SHR/EX (0.072 ± 0.007) compared with SHR/SED (0.038 ± 0.007), but no changes were observed in WKY. The iNOS and eNOS protein levels assessed by Western blot were not affected by exercise. This upregulation of the platelet L-arginine–NO pathway may attenuate the risk of thromboembolic events, supporting the role of exercise in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Matsuura
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, fundos, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Brazil
| | - Tatiana M.C. Brunini
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, fundos, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Brazil
| | - Wanda V. Mury
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, fundos, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Brazil
| | - Angelica B. Garcia-Pinto
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embriology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, fundos, 3 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Brazil
| | - Jorge J. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embriology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, fundos, 3 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Brazil
| | - Antonio Cláudio Mendes-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, fundos, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Brazil
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sheikh SA, Roshan TM, Khattak MN, Baig AA, Noor SJ, Hassan R, Zaki NM. Short-term estrogen replacement therapy reduces platelet marker levels in Malaysian postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:6-10. [PMID: 21427417 DOI: 10.1258/mi.2011.011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In healthy postmenopausal women (PMW) increased platelet activation has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. There is much debate about the relationship between platelet function and serum estradiol level in PMW. This study assessed the effect of short-term oral estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on platelet activation markers (CD62P and PAC-1) and its correlation with age and body mass index (BMI) among healthy PMW. METHODS A prospective intervention study was conducted at Hospital University Sains Malaysia, involving 48 healthy PMW who were evaluated for platelet activation marker levels as determined by flow cytometry, before and after two weeks of oral ERT with 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen once daily. The pre- and post-ERT platelets activation markers difference was analysed by paired t-test. RESULTS The pre-ERT, mean ± SD percentage levels of CD62P and PAC-1 were significantly reduced from 7.00 ± 5.91 and 41.75 ± 26.85 to 3.05 ± 2.47 and 20.86 ± 19.02, respectively, after two weeks of ERT (P value < 0.001). The correlation of platelet activation markers was significant with estradiol but not with age and BMI. CONCLUSION Short-term ERT leads to reduction in platelet activity, which might contribute to protection against cardiovascular diseases in healthy PMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kotabharu, Malaysia
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