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Theódórsdóttir D, Höller Y. Emotional Bias among Individuals at Risk for Seasonal Affective Disorder-An EEG Study during Remission in Summer. Brain Sci 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 38275507 PMCID: PMC10813094 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotional bias in attention and memory is well researched in depression. Patients with depression prioritize processing of negative information over positive input. While there is evidence that emotional bias exists in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) during winter, it is unclear whether such altered cognition exists also during summer. Moreover, it is unclear whether such bias affects attention, memory, or both. In this study, we investigated 110 individuals in summer, 34 of whom reported suffering from low mood during winter, according to the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire. While the electroencephalogram was recorded, participants learned 60 emotional pictures and subsequently were asked to recognize them in an old/new task. There were no clear group differences in behavioral measures, and no brain response differences in frontal alpha power during learning. During recognition, at 100-300 ms post stimulus individuals with higher seasonality scores exhibited larger alpha power in response to negative as compared to neutral stimuli, while individuals with low seasonality scores exhibited larger alpha power in response to positive as compared to neutral stimuli. While we cannot draw conclusions whether this is an effect of attention or memory, the finding suggests that early cognitive processes are altered already during summer in individuals with increased likelihood to experience SAD during winter. Our data provide evidence for an all-year-round cognitive vulnerability in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, 600 Akureyri, Iceland
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Luque-Tirado A, Montiel-Herrera F, Maestre-Bravo R, Barril-Aller C, García-Roldán E, Arriola-Infante JE, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Rodrigo-Herrero S, Vargas-Romero JP, Franco-Macías E. Norms for the Triana Test: A Story Recall Test Based on Emotional Material. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1179-1186. [PMID: 38025796 PMCID: PMC10657724 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The "Triana Test" is a novel story recall test based on emotional material with demonstrated accuracy in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment patients. Objective This study aims to obtain normative data for the "Triana Test". Methods A normative study was conducted at a university hospital in Spain. Partners of patients were systematically recruited if eligible (age ≥50, no memory complaints, and a total TMA-93 score at or above the 10th percentile). The "Triana Test" was administered and scored. For developing the normative data, a regression-based method was followed. Results The final sample included 362 participants (median age = 66, range = 50-88; 64.9% females). A model including age and educational level better predicted the total scores. Combinations of these variables resulted in different 10th percentile scores. Conclusions Norms for using the "Triana Test" are now available. The provided cutoffs for the 10th percentile will aid in the diagnosis of prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
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Wagner MK, Berg SK, Hassager C, Borregaard B, Rasmussen TB, Ekholm O, Stenbæk DS. Cognitive impairment and psychopathology in sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: Results from the REVIVAL cohort study. Resuscitation 2023; 192:109984. [PMID: 37797716 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate cognitive impairment and psychopathology in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors using a screening procedure during hospitalisation and examine the evolution of these parameters at three-month follow-up. METHODS This multicentre cohort study screened for cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), for symptoms of anxiety, depression and traumatic distress using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R) during hospitalisation. At three-month follow-up, we evaluated cognitive impairment with a neuropsychological test battery and symptoms of psychopathology were re-assessed using HADS and IES-R. Logistic regression models were applied to examine associations between screening results and outcomes. RESULTS This study included 297 OHCA survivors. During hospitalisation, 65% presented with cognitive impairment, 25% reported symptoms of anxiety, 20% symptoms of depression and 21% symptoms of traumatic distress. At follow-up, 53% reported cognitive impairment, 17% symptoms of anxiety, 15% symptoms of depression and 19% symptoms of traumatic distress. Cognitive impairment during hospitalisation was associated with higher odds (OR (95% CI) 2.55 (1.36-4.75), p = .02) of an unfavorable cognitive outcome at follow-up, and symptoms of psychopathology during hospitalisation were associated with higher odds of psychopathology at follow-up across all three symptom groups; anxiety (6.70 (2.40-18.72), p < .001), depression (4.69 (1.69-13.02), p < .001) and traumatic distress (7.07 (2.67-18.73), p < .001). CONCLUSION OHCA survivors exhibited both cognitive impairment and symptoms of psychopathology during hospitalisation comparable to previous studies, which were associated with unfavorable mental health outcomes at three-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kirstine Wagner
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark.
| | - Selina Kikkenborg Berg
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Britt Borregaard
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Bernholdt Rasmussen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ola Ekholm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, 2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark; Institute of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Iorio C, Pacitti F, Rossi A, Iorio P, Pompili A. Declarative Memory Impairment and Emotional Bias in Recurrent Depression with a Seasonal Pattern: The Interplay between Emotion and Cognition in Seasonal Affective Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101352. [PMID: 36291286 PMCID: PMC9599318 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a subtype of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a seasonal pattern. Although it is a pathological condition limited to specific seasons of the year, during the symptomatic period, patients may experience a significant impairment of well-being and daily quality of life as a result of the depressed mood, associated with other symptoms defined as atypical of MDD. While extensive evidence of memory deficits has been found in MDD, explicit memory impairments in SAD are insufficiently studied. This study aims to investigate the cognitive processing of emotional stimuli in women with SAD, in particular the interplay between emotions and declarative memory. One hundred and twenty young women, screened from an initial number of 1125 university students, were divided into two groups, an experimental one that included 60 medically untreated women affected by “winter type SAD” and a control group of 60 non-SAD women. Different subjects were randomly submitted to two types of audio−visual stories, neutral or arousal, and then their memory performances were analyzed by means of a free-recall test and a recognition memory test. In both the free-recall test (p < 0.008) and in the recognition memory test (p < 0.002), the SAD group showed impaired memory performances. Taken together, our novel key findings suggest that SAD is characterized by impairment in declarative memory and attentional bias for emotional negative stimuli.
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Höller Y, Urbschat MM, Kristófersson GK, Ólafsson RP. Predictability of Seasonal Mood Fluctuations Based on Self-Report Questionnaires and EEG Biomarkers in a Non-clinical Sample. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870079. [PMID: 35463521 PMCID: PMC9030950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced by decreasing light, people affected by seasonal mood fluctuations may suffer from low energy, have low interest in activities, experience changes in weight, insomnia, difficulties in concentration, depression, and suicidal thoughts. Few studies have been conducted in search for biological predictors of seasonal mood fluctuations in the brain, such as EEG oscillations. A sample of 64 participants was examined with questionnaires and electroencephalography in summer. In winter, a follow-up survey was recorded and participants were grouped into those with at least mild (N = 18) and at least moderate (N = 11) mood decline and those without self-reported depressive symptoms both in summer and in winter (N = 46). A support vector machine was trained to predict mood decline by either EEG biomarkers alone, questionnaire data from baseline alone, or a combination of the two. Leave-one-out-cross validation with lasso regularization was used with logistic regression to fit a model. The accuracy for classification for at least mild/moderate mood decline was 77/82% for questionnaire data, 72/82% for EEG alone, and 81/86% for EEG combined with questionnaire data. Self-report data was more conclusive than EEG biomarkers recorded in summer for prediction of worsening of depressive symptoms in winter but it is advantageous to combine EEG with psychological assessment to boost predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
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Høgh S, Hegaard HK, Renault KM, Cvetanovska E, Kjærbye-Thygesen A, Juul A, Borgsted C, Bjertrup AJ, Miskowiak KW, Væver MS, Stenbæk DS, Dam VH, Binder E, Ozenne B, Mehta D, Frokjaer VG. Short-term oestrogen as a strategy to prevent postpartum depression in high-risk women: protocol for the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled MAMA clinical trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052922. [PMID: 35763351 PMCID: PMC8719185 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postpartum depression affects 10%-15% of women and has a recurrence rate of 40% in subsequent pregnancies. Women who develop postpartum depression are suspected to be more sensitive to the rapid and large fluctuations in sex steroid hormones, particularly estradiol, during pregnancy and postpartum. This trial aims to evaluate the preventive effect of 3 weeks transdermal estradiol treatment immediately postpartum on depressive episodes in women at high risk for developing postpartum depression. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Maternal Mental Health Trial is a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled clinical trial. The trial involves three departments of obstetrics organised under Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark. Women who are singleton pregnant with a history of perinatal depression are eligible to participate. Participants will be randomised to receive either transdermal estradiol patches (200 µg/day) or placebo patches for 3 weeks immediately postpartum. The primary outcome is clinical depression, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V criteria of Major Depressive Disorder with onset at any time between 0 and 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes include, but are not limited to, symptoms of depression postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding, cortisol dynamics, maternal distress sensitivity and cognitive function. The primary statistical analysis will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle. With the inclusion of 220 participants and a 20% expected dropout rate, we anticipate 80% power to detect a 50% reduction in postpartum depressive episodes while controlling the type 1 error at 5%. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol is approved by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics in the Capital Region of Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Centre for Data Protection Compliance in the Capital Region of Denmark. We will present results at scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed journals and in other formats to engage policymakers and the public. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04685148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stinne Høgh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Borgsted
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabeth Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Divya Mehta
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Capital Region of Denmark Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dam VH, Stenbæk DS, Köhler-Forsberg K, Ip C, Ozenne B, Sahakian BJ, Knudsen GM, Jørgensen MB, Frokjaer VG. Hot and cold cognitive disturbances in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder: a NeuroPharm study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2347-2356. [PMID: 32317043 PMCID: PMC8506354 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive disturbances are common and disabling features of major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies provide limited insight into the co-occurrence of hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognitive disturbances in MDD. Therefore, we here map both hot and cold cognition in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals. METHODS We collected neuropsychological data from 92 antidepressant-free MDD patients and 103 healthy controls. All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing hot cognition including emotion processing, affective verbal memory and social cognition as well as cold cognition including verbal and working memory and reaction time. RESULTS The depressed patients showed small to moderate negative affective biases on emotion processing outcomes, moderate increases in ratings of guilt and shame and moderate deficits in verbal and working memory as well as moderately slowed reaction time compared to healthy controls. We observed no correlations between individual cognitive tasks and depression severity in the depressed patients. Lastly, an exploratory cluster analysis suggested the presence of three cognitive profiles in MDD: one characterised predominantly by disturbed hot cognitive functions, one characterised predominantly by disturbed cold cognitive functions and one characterised by global impairment across all cognitive domains. Notably, the three cognitive profiles differed in depression severity. CONCLUSION We identified a pattern of small to moderate disturbances in both hot and cold cognition in MDD. While none of the individual cognitive outcomes mapped onto depression severity, cognitive profile clusters did. Overall cognition-based stratification tools may be useful in precision medicine approaches to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. H. Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D. S. Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - K. Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - C. Ip
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - B. Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B. J. Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. B. Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - V. G. Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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9
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Luque-Tirado A, Rodrigo-Herrero S, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Franco-Macías E. Preliminary Validation of the Triana Test: A New Story Recall Test Based on Emotional Material. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2021; 36:15333175211025911. [PMID: 34151595 PMCID: PMC10581115 DOI: 10.1177/15333175211025911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To first validate the diagnostic accuracy of the "Triana Test," a new story recall test based on emotional material. METHOD A phase I study of validation. We included 55 patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and 69 healthy controls, diagnosed according to the "Memory Associative Test of the district of Seine-Saint-Denis" (TMA-93), and matched by age, gender, and educational level. The Triana Test's diagnostic accuracy was calculated by ROC curve analysis and Spearman correlations estimated its convergent validity with a hippocampal memory test, the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (FCSRT+IR). RESULTS The "Triana Test" immediate and delayed recalls showed adequate diagnostic accuracy (AUC ≥ 0,74). The delayed free recall showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.86). Correlations with the FCSRT+IR were moderate to strong. CONCLUSIONS The "Triana Test" demonstrated accuracy for discriminating amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment patients from healthy controls and convergent validity with the FCSRT+IR.
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10
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Wagner MK, Berg SK, Hassager C, Armand S, Møller JE, Ekholm O, Rasmussen TB, Fisher PM, Knudsen GM, Stenbæk DS. Cognitive impairment and psychopathology in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in Denmark: The REVIVAL cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038633. [PMID: 32994252 PMCID: PMC7526293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment and psychopathology caused by brain hypoxia and the traumatic impact of critical illness are common in cardiac arrest survivors and can lead to negative consequences of everyday life functioning, and further impact mental health in relatives. Most studies have dealt with the mere survival rate after cardiac arrest and not with long-term consequences to mental health in cardiac arrest survivors. Importantly, we face a gap in our knowledge about suitable screening tools in the early post-arrest phase for long-term risk prediction of mental health problems. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel screening procedure to predict risk of disabling cognitive impairment and psychopathology 3 months after cardiac arrest. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate long-term prevalence of psychopathology in relatives. METHODS AND ANALYSES In this multicentre prospective cohort study, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors and their relatives will be recruited. The post-arrest screening includes the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Acute Stress Disorder Interview (ASDI) and is conducted during hospitalisation. In a subsample of the patients, functional MRI is done, and cortisol determination collected. At 3-month follow-up, the primary study outcomes for 200 survivors include the Danish Affective Verbal Learning Test-26 (VAMT-26), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System tests (trail making, colour-word interference, word and design fluency), Rey's Complex Figure and Letter-number sequencing subtest of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, HADS and IES-R. For the relatives, they include HADS and IES-R. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by the local regional Research Ethics Committee (H-18046155) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (RH-2017-325, j.no.05961) and follows the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and may impact the follow-up of cardiac arrest survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kirstine Wagner
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Selina Kikkenborg Berg
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ola Ekholm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | | | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Hjordt LV, Ozenne B, Armand S, Dam VH, Jensen CG, Köhler-Forsberg K, Knudsen GM, Stenbæk DS. Psychometric Properties of the Verbal Affective Memory Test-26 and Evaluation of Affective Biases in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 32581907 PMCID: PMC7289973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed the Verbal Affective Memory Test-26 (VAMT-26), a computerized test to assess verbal memory, as an improvement of the Verbal Affective Memory Test-24 (VAMT-24). Here, we psychometrically evaluate the VAMT-26 in 182 healthy controls, examine 1-month test–retest stability in 48 healthy controls, and examine whether 87 antidepressant-free patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) tested with VAMT-26 differed in affective memory biases from 335 healthy controls tested with VAMT24/26. We also examine whether affective memory biases are associated with depressive symptoms across the patients and healthy controls. VAMT-26 showed good psychometric properties. Age, sex, and IQ, but not education, influenced VAMT-26 scores. VAMT-26 scores converged satisfactorily with scores on a test associated with non-affective verbal memory. Test–retest analyses showed a learning effect and a r ≥ 0.0.8, corresponding to a typical variation of 10% in recalled words from first to second test. Patients tended to remember more negative words relative to positive words compared to healthy controls at borderline significance (p = 0.06), and affective memory biases were negatively associated with depressive symptoms across the two groups at borderline significance (p = 0.07), however, the effect sizes were small. Future studies are needed to address whether VAMT-26 can be used to distinguish between depression subtypes in patients with MDD. As a verbal memory test, VAMT-26 is a well validated neuropsychological test and we recommend it to be used in Danish and international studies on affective memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke H Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian G Jensen
- Centre for Mental Health Promotion, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Köhler-Forsberg K, Jorgensen A, Dam VH, Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM, Ip CT, Ganz M, Poulsen HE, Giraldi A, Ozenne B, Jørgensen MB, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG. Predicting Treatment Outcome in Major Depressive Disorder Using Serotonin 4 Receptor PET Brain Imaging, Functional MRI, Cognitive-, EEG-Based, and Peripheral Biomarkers: A NeuroPharm Open Label Clinical Trial Protocol. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:641. [PMID: 32792991 PMCID: PMC7391965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 30 and 50% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond sufficiently to antidepressant regimens. The conventional pharmacological treatments predominantly target serotonergic brain signaling but better tools to predict treatment response and identify relevant subgroups of MDD are needed to support individualized and mechanistically targeted treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate antidepressant-free patients with MDD using neuroimaging, electrophysiological, molecular, cognitive, and clinical examinations and evaluate their ability to predict clinical response to SSRI treatment as individual or combined predictors. METHODS We will include 100 untreated patients with moderate to severe depression (>17 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17) in a non-randomized open clinical trial. We will collect data from serotonin 4 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), cognitive tests, psychometry, and peripheral biomarkers, before (at baseline), during, and after 12 weeks of standard antidepressant treatment. Patients will be treated with escitalopram, and in case of non-response at week 4 or intolerable side effects, offered to switch to a second line treatment with duloxetine. Our primary outcome (treatment response) is assessed using the Hamilton depression rating subscale 6-item scores at week 8, compared to baseline. In a subset of the patients (n = ~40), we will re-assess the neurobiological response (using PET, fMRI, and EEG) 8 weeks after initiated pharmacological antidepressant treatment, to map neurobiological signatures of treatment responses. Data from matched controls will either be collected or is already available from other cohorts. DISCUSSION The extensive investigational program with follow-up in this large cohort of participants provides a unique possibility to (a) uncover potential biomarkers for antidepressant treatment response, (b) apply the findings for future stratification of MDD, (c) advance the understanding of pathophysiological underpinnings of MDD, and (d) uncover how putative biomarkers change in response to 8 weeks of pharmacological antidepressant treatment. Our data can pave the way for a precision medicine approach for optimized treatment of MDD and also provides a resource for future research and data sharing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to initiation (NCT02869035; 08.16.2016, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02869035&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke H Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheng-Teng Ip
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Sexological Clinic, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Abstract
A hallmark feature of episodic memory is that of "mental time travel," whereby an individual feels they have returned to a prior moment in time. Cognitive and behavioral neuroscience methods have revealed a neurobiological counterpart: Successful retrieval often is associated with reactivation of a prior brain state. We review the emerging literature on memory reactivation and recapitulation, and we describe evidence for the effects of emotion on these processes. Based on this review, we propose a new model: Negative Emotional Valence Enhances Recapitulation (NEVER). This model diverges from existing models of emotional memory in three key ways. First, it underscores the effects of emotion during retrieval. Second, it stresses the importance of sensory processing to emotional memory. Third, it emphasizes how emotional valence - whether an event is negative or positive - affects the way that information is remembered. The model specifically proposes that, as compared to positive events, negative events both trigger increased encoding of sensory detail and elicit a closer resemblance between the sensory encoding signature and the sensory retrieval signature. The model also proposes that negative valence enhances the reactivation and storage of sensory details over offline periods, leading to a greater divergence between the sensory recapitulation of negative and positive memories over time. Importantly, the model proposes that these valence-based differences occur even when events are equated for arousal, thus rendering an exclusively arousal-based theory of emotional memory insufficient. We conclude by discussing implications of the model and suggesting directions for future research to test the tenets of the model.
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Hjordt LV, Stenbæk DS. Sensory processing sensitivity and its association with seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:359-64. [PMID: 30599439 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that an increased sensitivity to the surroundings, can leave some individuals vulnerable to experience the environmental stress of winter more overwhelming, thus leading to a greater risk of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). However, the association between trait Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) and SAD is not known. We therefore aimed to investigate: 1)cross-seasonal group differences in trait SPS, in 31 individuals with SAD compared to 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls, and 2)the association between trait SPS in remitted phase (summer) and depression severity in symptomatic phase (winter) in individuals with SAD. All participants completed the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, as a measure of SPS, and the Major Depression Inventory in summer and in winter, using a longitudinal and seasonally counterbalanced design. In both remitted and symptomatic phase, individuals with SAD exhibited higher trait SPS compared to healthy controls, which for individuals with SAD was heightened during depression in winter. Notably, when averaged across season, about 25% of the individuals with SAD display high-sensitivity whereas this is only the case for 5% of the healthy controls. In addition, higher trait SPS in summer was associated with more severe SAD symptoms in winter. Our findings suggest that those with SAD are more likely to score high on SPS and that high SPS may be a vulnerability marker related to more severe SAD symptomatology.
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15
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Hjordt LV, Dam VH, Ozenne B, Hageman I, Mc Mahon B, Mortensen EL, Knudsen GM, Stenbæk DS. Self-perceived personality characteristics in seasonal affective disorder and their implications for severity of depression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:108-14. [PMID: 29428773 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The personality traits Neuroticism and Extraversion may be involved in the development of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). However, the impact of personality traits on SAD severity and whether such self-reported traits fluctuate with season is unknown. We investigated the association between Neuroticism, as acquired in a symptom-free phase and depression severity in individuals with SAD and seasonal changes in personality traits in individuals with SAD compared to healthy controls. Twenty-nine individuals diagnosed with SAD and thirty demographically matched controls completed the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised and the Major Depression Inventory twice: in summer when individuals with SAD were symptom-free, and in winter when they experienced SAD symptoms. In summer, the groups scored similarly on their personality traits, and the controls did not score any different in winter compared to summer. High scores on Neuroticism in summer was associated with more severe depressive symptoms in winter in SAD individuals. In winter, individuals with SAD scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Extraversion, both compared to controls and to their own summer scores. Our results support that Neuroticism may represent a vulnerability marker related to SAD, and during a depressive episode Neuroticism and Extraversion may be sensitive markers of SAD pathology.
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16
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Borgsted C, Ozenne B, Mc Mahon B, Madsen MK, Hjordt LV, Hageman I, Baaré WFC, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM. Amygdala response to emotional faces in seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:288-295. [PMID: 29329062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is characterized by seasonally recurring depression. Heightened amygdala activation to aversive stimuli is associated with major depressive disorder but its relation to SAD is unclear. We evaluated seasonal variation in amygdala activation in SAD and healthy controls (HC) using a longitudinal design targeting the asymptomatic/symptomatic phases of SAD. We hypothesized increased amygdala activation to aversive stimuli in the winter in SAD individuals (season-by-group interaction). METHODS Seventeen SAD individuals and 15 HCs completed an implicit emotional faces BOLD-fMRI paradigm during summer and winter. We computed amygdala activation (SPM5) to an aversive contrast (angry & fearful minus neutral) and angry, fearful and neutral faces, separately. Season-by-group and main effects were evaluated using Generalized Least Squares. In SAD individuals, we correlated change in symptom severity, assessed with The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression - Seasonal Affective Disorder version (SIGH-SAD), with change in amygdala activation. RESULTS We found no season-by-group, season or group effect on our aversive contrast. Independent of season, SAD individuals showed significantly lower amygdala activation to all faces compared to healthy controls, with no evidence for a season-by-group interaction. Seasonal change in amygdala activation was unrelated to change in SIGH-SAD. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, lack of positive valence stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Amygdala activation to aversive faces is not increased in symptomatic SAD individuals. Instead, we observed decreased amygdala activation across faces, independent of season. Our findings suggest that amygdala activation to angry, fearful and neutral faces is altered in SAD individuals, independent of the presence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Borgsted
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda Mc Mahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin K Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Hageman
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM, Ozenne B, Andersen E, Hjordt LV, McMahon B, Hasselbalch SG, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM. Brain serotonin 4 receptor binding is inversely associated with verbal memory recall. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00674. [PMID: 28413715 PMCID: PMC5390847 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously identified an inverse relationship between cerebral serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT 4R) binding and nonaffective episodic memory in healthy individuals. Here, we investigate in a novel sample if the association is related to affective components of memory, by examining the association between cerebral 5-HT 4R binding and affective verbal memory recall. METHODS Twenty-four healthy volunteers were scanned with the 5-HT 4R radioligand [11C]SB207145 and positron emission tomography, and were tested with the Verbal Affective Memory Test-24. The association between 5-HT 4R binding and affective verbal memory was evaluated using a linear latent variable structural equation model. RESULTS We observed a significant inverse association across all regions between 5-HT 4R binding and affective verbal memory performances for positive (p = 5.5 × 10-4) and neutral (p = .004) word recall, and an inverse but nonsignificant association for negative (p = .07) word recall. Differences in the associations with 5-HT 4R binding between word categories (i.e., positive, negative, and neutral) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our findings replicate our previous observation of a negative association between 5-HT 4R binding and memory performance in an independent cohort and provide novel evidence linking 5-HT 4R binding, as a biomarker for synaptic 5-HT levels, to the mnestic processing of positive and neutral word stimuli in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea S Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Biostatistics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Emil Andersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Neurology The Neuroscience Centre Danish Dementia Research Centre Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging The Neuroscience Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
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18
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Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Pinborg A, Hjordt LV, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Frokjaer VG. Sex hormone manipulation slows reaction time and increases labile mood in healthy women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 68:39-46. [PMID: 26943343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women show increased risk of depressive symptoms in life phases where ovarian steroid hormone levels fluctuate or decline rapidly. The risk mechanisms may include changes in mental state and affective cognition possibly mediated by serotonergic neurotransmission. METHODS In a randomized controlled double-blinded trial, 61 healthy women (mean age 24.3±4.9 years) were tested with measures of affective verbal memory, reaction time, mental distress, and serotonin transporter binding at baseline and at follow-up after receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) or placebo intervention. Women also reported daily mood profiles during intervention. We tested direct effects of intervention and indirect effects through changes in serotonin transporter binding on verbal affective memory, simple reaction time and self-reported measures of mental distress, and further effects of GnRHa on daily mood. RESULTS GnRHa induced an increase in simple reaction time (p=0.03) and more pronounced fluctuations in daily self-reported mood in a manner dependent on baseline mood (p=0.003). Verbal affective memory recall, overall self-perceived mental distress, and serotonin transporter binding were not affected. CONCLUSIONS In healthy women transient sex-steroid hormone fluctuations decrease speed of information processing and further produce more labile mood only in women with elevated levels of mood disturbances at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - P M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - E Budtz-Jørgensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - A Pinborg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Fertility Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - L V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - P S Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - G M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - V G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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