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Singh G, Talwar I, Sharma R, Matharoo K, Bhanwer AJS. Genetic differentiation and population structure of five ethnic groups of Punjab (North-West India). Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:2055-2063. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chinniah R, Vijayan M, Thirunavukkarasu M, Mani D, Raju K, Ravi PM, Sivanadham R, C K, N M, Karuppiah B. Polymorphic Alu Insertion/Deletion in Different Caste and Tribal Populations from South India. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157468. [PMID: 27315142 PMCID: PMC4912101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven human-specific Alu markers were studied in 574 unrelated individuals from 10 endogamous groups and 2 hill tribes of Tamil Nadu and Kerala states. DNA was isolated, amplified by PCR-SSP, and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and genotypes were assigned for various Alu loci. Average heterozygosity among caste populations was in the range of 0.292-0.468. Among tribes, the average heterozygosity was higher for Paliyan (0.3759) than for Kani (0.2915). Frequency differences were prominent in all loci studied except Alu CD4. For Alu CD4, the frequency was 0.0363 in Yadavas, a traditional pastoral and herd maintaining population, and 0.2439 in Narikuravars, a nomadic gypsy population. The overall genetic difference (Gst) of 12 populations (castes and tribes) studied was 3.6%, which corresponds to the Gst values of 3.6% recorded earlier for Western Asian populations. Thus, our study confirms the genetic similarities between West Asian populations and South Indian castes and tribes and supported the large scale coastal migrations from Africa into India through West Asia. However, the average genetic difference (Gst) of Kani and Paliyan tribes with other South Indian tribes studied earlier was 8.3%. The average Gst of combined South and North Indian Tribes (CSNIT) was 9.5%. Neighbor joining tree constructed showed close proximity of Kani and Paliyan tribal groups to the other two South Indian tribes, Toda and Irula of Nilgiri hills studied earlier. Further, the analysis revealed the affinities among populations and confirmed the presence of North and South India specific lineages. Our findings have documented the highly diverse (micro differentiated) nature of South Indian tribes, predominantly due to isolation, than the endogamous population groups of South India. Thus, our study firmly established the genetic relationship of South Indian castes and tribes and supported the proposed large scale ancestral migrations from Africa, particularly into South India through West Asian corridor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathika Chinniah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivakar Mani
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamaraj Raju
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padma Malini Ravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramgopal Sivanadham
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandeepan C
- Department of Zoology, A.P.A.College of Arts & Culture, Palani, 624 601, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalakshmi N
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Madurai, 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakrishnan Karuppiah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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DADA RIMA, SARASWATHY KALLURNAVA, MEITEI KHANGEMBAMSOMIBABU, MONDAL PRAKASHRANJAN, KAUR HARPREET, KUCHERIA KIRAN, BHARDWAJ SEEMA, IDRIS GAZNAVI. Genetic sketch of the six population groups of Rajasthan: a study based on 12 autosomal loci. ANTHROPOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RIMA DADA
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi
| | | | | | | | | | - KIRAN KUCHERIA
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi
| | | | - GAZNAVI IDRIS
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi
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Nava Saraswathy K, Pal Sachdeva M, Mukhopadhyay R, Shukla D, Kiranmala Devi N, Rawat S, Rao AP, Kumar Kalla A. Diversified genomic contribution among south Indian populations–A study on four endogamous groups of Andhra Pradesh. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 35:499-508. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460802252258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Saraswathy KN, Kiranmala N, Murry B, Sinha E, Saksena D, Kaur H, Sachdeva MP, Kalla AK. A Genomic Insight into Diversity Among Tribal and Nontribal Population Groups of Manipur, India. Biochem Genet 2009; 47:694-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vishwanathan H, Deepa E, Cordaux R, Stoneking M, Usha Rani MV, Majumder PP. Genetic structure and affinities among tribal populations of southern India: a study of 24 autosomal DNA markers. Ann Hum Genet 2004; 68:128-38. [PMID: 15008792 DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the genetic structure and affinities of five Dravidian-speaking tribal populations inhabiting the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu, in south India, using 24 autosomal DNA markers. Our goals were: (i). to examine what evolutionary forces have most significantly impacted south Indian tribal genetic variation, and (ii). to test whether the phenotypic similarities of some south Indian tribal groups to Africans represent a signature of close relationship to Africans or are due to convergence. All loci were polymorphic and average heterozygosities were substantial (range: 0.347-0.423). Genetic differentiation was high (Gst= 6.7%) and genetic distances were not significantly correlated with geographic distances. Genetic drift therefore probably played a significant role in shaping the patterns of genetic variation observed in southern Indian tribal populations. Otherwise, analyses of population relationships showed that Indian populations are closely related to one another, regardless of phenotypic characteristics, and do not show particular affinities to Africans. We conclude that the phenotypic similarities of some Indian groups to Africans do not reflect a close relationship between these groups, but are better explained by convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vishwanathan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, India.
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