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Chen S, Zeng J, Li R, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Hou Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu J, Meng X. Traditional Chinese medicine in regulating macrophage polarization in immune response of inflammatory diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117838. [PMID: 38310986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated that various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory diseases mediated through macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this review was to assess and consolidate the current understanding regarding the pathogenic mechanisms governing macrophage polarization in the context of regulating inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the mechanism action of various TCMs on the regulation of macrophage polarization, which may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of recently published articles, utilizing keywords such as "macrophage polarization" and "traditional Chinese medicines" in combination with "inflammation," as well as "macrophage polarization" and "inflammation" in conjunction with "natural products," and similar combinations, to search within PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS A total of 113 kinds of TCMs (including 62 components of TCMs, 27 TCMs as well as various types of extracts of TCMs and 24 Chinese prescriptions) was reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of key pathways of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we have analyzed studies concerning the involvement of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in inflammation therapy. TCMs has great advantages in regulating macrophage polarization in treating inflammatory diseases due to its multi-pathway and multi-target pharmacological action. This review may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- The Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, PR China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Ma Y, Gong Y, Wu Y, Zhao Q, Fu R, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhi X. 1,25(OH) 2D 3 improves diabetic wound healing by modulating inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 239:106477. [PMID: 38340904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D was found to regulate inflammatory response and angiogenesis, which were often impaired in diabetic wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on diabetic wound healing both in vivo and in vitro. Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. After four weeks of establishing diabetic mouse model, full-thickness excisional wounds were created on their dorsal skin. Then 1,25(OH)2D3 was administered via intraperitoneal injection for 14 consecutive days. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with normal glucose, high glucose, high glucose plus 1,25(OH)2D3. Cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and expression levels of relevant pathway components were measured. Intervention with 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased wound closure rates of diabetic mice. During the inflammatory phase, 1,25(OH)2D3 alleviated excessive inflammation and promoted the transition of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype. Regarding vascular endothelial function, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly up-regulated eNOS protein expression and inhibited Vcam-1 mRNA expression in diabetic mice (P < 0.05). As for angiogenesis, 1,25(OH)2D3 markedly increased CD31-positive area, the protein and mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, PDGF, and PDGFRβ, as well as the mRNA expression of Bfgf and Egfr (P < 0.05). In vitro, 1,25(OH)2D3 restored impaired cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation induced by high-glucose, and up-regulated expression of angiogenesis-related factors. These protective effects might be mediated through PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway. These findings suggested that 1,25(OH)2D3 accelerated diabetic wound healing by modulating inflammation, restoring vascular endothelial dysfunction, and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiting Gong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiaofan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruyu Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Zheng G, Yu T, Humayun A, Chen H. Assessing the efficacy of Naoxintong capsules on wound healing in post-craniotomy patients: A clinical perspective. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14806. [PMID: 38414325 PMCID: PMC10899796 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether Naoxintong capsules may enhance wound healing and reduce postoperative complications in individuals having craniotomies. A total of 120 patients at Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, participated in this clinical perspective study conducted from April 2022 to June 2023. Participants were divided into treatment group (n = 60), receiving standard care plus Naoxintong capsules and control group (n = 60), receiving standard care only. Primary outcomes included the rate of wound healing, while secondary outcomes encompassed postoperative complications and patient-reported outcomes on pain and quality of life. The treatment group exhibited significantly enhanced wound healing rate than the control at Day 7 (40.33 vs. 25.67%, p < 0.05), Day 14 (75.17 vs. 50.83%, p < 0.05) and Day 28 (94.83 vs. 79.50%, p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were markedly reduced in the treatment group, with lower rates of infection (p < 0.05), wound dehiscence (p < 0.05) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patient-reported outcomes significantly favoured the treatment group, with reduced pain scores and improved quality of life at 4 weeks post-surgery(p < 0.05). Naoxintong capsules thus significantly enhanced the wound healing and reduced postoperative complications, contributing to improved patient-reported outcomes in post-craniotomy patients. These findings advocated for the integration of Naoxintong in postoperative care, highlighting the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in modern surgical recovery protocols. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojiang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shaighai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ayesha Humayun
- Department of Clinical Studies, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shaighai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ma XX, Liu QK, Kuai L, Ma X, Luo Y, Luo Y, Song JK, Fei XY, Jiang JS, Wang MX, Shen F, Ru Y, Li B. The role of neutrophils in diabetic ulcers and targeting therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110861. [PMID: 37713783 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic ulcers (DUs) are a common complication of diabetes with high morbidity, poor prognosis, and a high socio-economic burden. The main pathological manifestations of DUs are chronic inflammation, impaired re-epithelialization, and impaired angiogenesis. During the inflammatory phase, neutrophils are one of the main DU cell types and act by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), leading to poor healing in DUs. This review summarizes the role of neutrophils in the pathology and treatment of DUs, with a view to potential novel therapies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing-Kai Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Fei
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jing-Si Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ming-Xia Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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Chaterjee O, Sur D. Artificially induced in situ macrophage polarization: An emerging cellular therapy for immuno-inflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176006. [PMID: 37611840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the mature form of monocytes that have high plasticity and can shift from one phenotype to another by the process of macrophage polarization. Macrophage has several vital pharmacological tasks like eliminating microorganism invasion, clearing dead cells, causing inflammation, repairing damaged tissues, etc. The function of macrophages is based on their phenotype. M1 macrophages are mostly responsible for the body's immune responses and M2 macrophages have healing properties. Inappropriate activation of any one of the phenotypes often leads to ROS-induced tissue damage and affects wound healing and angiogenesis. Therefore, maintaining tissue macrophage homeostasis is necessary. Studies are being done to find techniques for macrophage polarization. But, the process of macrophage polarization is very complex as it involves multiple signalling pathways involving innate immunity. Thus, identifying the right pathways for macrophage polarization is essential to apply the polarizing technique for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases where macrophage physiology influences the disease pathology. In this review, we highlighted the various techniques so far used to change macrophage plasticity. We believe that soon macrophage targeting therapeutics will hit the market for the management of inflammatory disease. Hence this review will help macrophage researchers choose suitable methods and materials/agents to polarize macrophages artificially in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishani Chaterjee
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, 700114, India
| | - Debjeet Sur
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, 700114, India.
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Xu Y, Hu K, Liu C, Du P, Zhou F, Lu Y, Fu Q, Xu J, Lyu G. Eschar dissolution and the immunoregulator effect of keratinase on burn wounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13238. [PMID: 37580372 PMCID: PMC10425458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, enzyme debridement preparation has shown a good curative effect on eschar removal of burn wounds. Keratinase has shown great potential in enzymatic debridement because of its good fibrin-degrading ability. In this study, the debridement of keratinase was examined by using a third degree burn wound model in rats. We observed the wound, and keratinase shortened the time of eschar dissolution after debridement. Histopathology and immunofluorescence staining showed that the eschar in the keratinase group became thinner, inflammatory cell infiltration in the wound increased, the fluorescence intensity of the macrophage surface marker CD68 increased, and the CD163/CD86 ratio increased. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), there was no significant difference in the activity of CCK-8 in cells in the keratinase group compared with the control group. The fluorescence intensity of the keratinase group was higher than that of the control group. At 12 h, the cell scratches were obviously closed. The number of migrated Transwell cells increased. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis showed increased expression of CD206 and Arg-1 and decreased expression of CD86 and iNOS. The gene expression of the Arg-1, iNOS and IL-10 was increased, as shown by qPCR. The secretion of IL-10 was increased and TNF-α was decreased, as shown by ELISA. We concluded that keratinase dissolution of eschar not only has a hydrolytic effect on eschar but may also affect immune regulation to enhance the migration and phagocytosis of macrophages, promote the polarization of macrophages, and further enhance the effect of eschar dissolution. Therefore, keratinase may have good prospects for the debridement of burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214041, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Pan Du
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Yichi Lu
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiuyan Fu
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China.
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China.
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Liu X, Liu H, Deng Y. Efferocytosis: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Complications. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2801-2815. [PMID: 37440994 PMCID: PMC10335275 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s418334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that chronic, low-grade inflammation is a significant contributor to the fundamental pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Efferocytosis, an effective way to eliminate apoptotic cells (ACs), plays a critical role in inflammation resolution. Massive accumulation of ACs and the proliferation of persistent inflammation caused by defective efferocytosis have been proven to be closely associated with pancreatic islet β cell destruction, adipose tissue inflammation, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and liver metabolism abnormalities, which together are considered the most fundamental pathological mechanism underlying T2DM. Therefore, here we outline the association between the molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis in glucose homeostasis, T2DM, and its complications, and we analyzed the present constraints and potential future prospects for therapeutic targets in T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Southern Theater General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Yang L, Zhou S, Li Y, Shen Y, Lu S, Zhou J, Liu Y. Proteomics and transcriptomics explore the effect of mixture of herbal extract on diabetic wound healing process. Phytomedicine 2023; 116:154892. [PMID: 37267693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) has been reported to vary from 0.2% to 11% in diabetes-specific clinical settings and less than 0.1% to 8% in community- and population-based cohorts. According to the International Diabetes Foundation, approximately 40 million to 60 million people worldwide are affected by DFUs, and a recent meta-analysis indicates a global prevalence of 6.3% among adults with diabetes, or about 33 million individuals. The cost of diabetes care is significant, amounting to $273 billion in direct and $90 billion in indirect expenses annually, in America. Foot complications in diabetes care excess annual expenditures ranging from 50% to 200% above the baseline cost of diabetes-related care. The cost of advanced-stage ulcers can be more than $50,000 per wound episode, and the direct expenses of major amputation are even higher. DFUs can be treated using various methods, including wound dressings, antibiotics, pressure-off loading, skin substitutes, stem cells, debridement, topical oxygen therapy, gene therapy and growth factors. For severe DFUs patients are at risk of amputation if treatment is not timely or appropriate. Amputating limbs not only causes physical pain to patients, but also brings economic burden due to lost productivity, and decreased employment linked to DFUs. Currently, long-term use of local antibiotics in clinical practice is prone to induce drug resistance, while growth factors do not effectively inhibit bacterial growth and control inflammation in wounds. Stem cell and gene therapies are still in the experimental stage. The method of local debridement combined with negative pressure therapy is expensive. Therefore, we urgently need an affordable, non-surgical method to treat diabetic ulcers. Extracts of bark of Bauhinia purpurea, Paeoniae rubrae, Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav., Acorus calamus L, and Radix Angelicae biseratae have been used as traditional remedies to treat inflammation-related diseases and cutaneous wounds due to their anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to promote vascular renewal. However, there have been few studies on the mixture of these five herbal extracts on diabetic wound healing. PURPOSE This study was designed to assess the healing effect of a mixture of five aforementioned herbal extracts on diabetic ulcer wounds in rats, and to reveal the potential mechanisms behind any potential wound healing using transcriptomics and proteomics. STUDY DESIGN We designed the experiment to explore the effects of five herbal extracts on diabetic wound healing process through in vivo experiments and to investigate the underlying mechanisms through proteomics and transcriptomics. METHODS We used a mixture of five aforementioned herbal extract to treat rat model of diabetic established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and a 2 × 2 cm round full-thickness skin defect was created on the back of the rat. Staphylococcus aureus (1 ml of 1.5 × 109 cfu/ml) was evenly applied to the wound. The wound was then observed for 72 h. The infected ulcer model of diabetic rats was considered to be successfully established if the wound was found to be infected with S. aureus. According to different medications, the rats were divided into three groups, namely mixture of herbal extract (MHE), Kangfuxin solution (KFS) and control (Ctrl). The effects of the medicine on wound healing were observed. HE staining and Masson staining were performed to evaluate the histopathological changes and collagen synthesis. IHC staining was used to assess the neovascularization, and M2 macrophage proliferation was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Proteomic and transcriptomic studies were performed to explore potential mechanism of five herbal extracts to promote wound healing. UHPLC-QE-MS was performed to identify the chemical composition of mixture of herbal extract. RESULTS The study show that the mixed herbal extract promotes angiogenesis, proliferation of M2 macrophages, and collagen synthesis. Transcriptomics showed that rno-miR-1298, rno-miR-144-5p, and rno-miR-92a-1-5p are vital miRNAs which also play a significant role in role in regulating wound healing. Proteomics results showed that the following proteins were important in wounds treated with MHE: Rack1, LOC100362366, Cops2, Cops6, Eif4e, Eif3c, Rpl12, Srp54, Rpl13 and Lsm7. Autophagy, PI3-Akt and mTOR signaling pathways were enriched after treatment with MHE compared to other groups. CONCLUSION Herein, we have shown that MHE containing extracts of bark of Bauhinia purpurea, P. rubrae, A. dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav., A. calamus L, and R. A. biseratae has significant wound healing effects in the diabetic ulcer wound rat model. These results suggest that local application of MHE in diabetic wounds can accelerate the wound healing process. Moreover, in vivo experiments revealed that the diabetic wound healing process was primarily mediated by angiogenesis and M2 macrophage transition. Therefore, this study may provide a promising and non-surgical therapeutic strategy to accelerate diabetic wound healing, thereby decreasing the number of limb amputations in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010107, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010107, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010107, China
| | - Yuewei Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010107, China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shengli Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010107, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China.
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Sun Q, Hu S, Lou Z, Gao J. The macrophage polarization in inflammatory dermatosis and its potential drug candidates. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114469. [PMID: 37002572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory dermatosis is characterized by persistent inflammatory infiltration and hard repair of diseased skin. As a member of the human innate immune cells, macrophages usually show different phenotypes in different diseases. The macrophage phenotype (M1/M2) imbalance caused by the increase of M1 macrophages or the decrease of M2 macrophages is common in inflammatory dermatosis. In recent years, with the deepening research on inflammatory skin diseases, more and more natural medicines/traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), represented by Shikonin and Angelica Dahurica, have shown their therapeutic effects by affecting the polarization of macrophages. This review introduced macrophage polarization in different inflammatory dermatosis, such as psoriasis. Then summarized the natural medicines/TCMs that have potential therapeutic effects so far and introduced their mechanisms of action and the proteins/signal pathways involved. We found that the TCMs with therapeutic effects listed in this review are closely related to the theory of five flavors and four properties of Chinese medicinal, and most of them are bitter, acrid and sweet. Bitter TCMs have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, which may improve the persistent inflammation of M1 macrophage infiltration. Acrid TCMs have the effect of promoting blood circulation, while sweet TCMs have the effect of nourishing. These 2 flavors may accelerate the repair of skin lesions of inflammatory dermatosis by affecting M2 macrophages. In conclusion, we hope to provide sufficient knowledge for natural medicine research and the development of inflammatory dermatosis related to macrophage phenotype imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingru Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohuan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Xiong F, Yao C, Zhang T, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Mao Y, Zhou P, Guan J. The impact of Allgower-Donati suture pattern and postoperative sweet foods on wound suture breakage in experimental rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13934. [PMID: 36915567 PMCID: PMC10006471 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wound gnawing and/or scratching in rats often occurs in experimental models, causing suture breakage and wound dehiscence, and consequently affecting experimental results and wasting resources. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the combined postoperative use of the Allgower-Donati (A-D) suture pattern and sweet foods on suture breakage, inflammation, and healing in wounds. Materials and methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 48) were treated for linear wounds on the back by four procedures: simple suture, simple suture with postoperative sweet foods, A-D suture, and A-D suture with postoperative sweet foods. Additionally, CD68 immunofluorescence and CD31 immunohistochemistry were used to analyze wound inflammation and vascularization, respectively, on postoperative day 7. Sirius red staining was used to assess collagen deposition on postoperative day 14. Results Gnawing and scratching of wound sutures were significantly reduced in treated rats (P < 0.01). Neovascularization and collagen deposition were significantly increased (P < 0.001), and inflammatory responses were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in animals receiving AD sutures and postoperative sweet foods. CD31/CD68 analyses showed that A-D suture and postoperative sweet foods regulated wound angiogenesis and attenuated wound inflammation. Conclusions Sweet food provision after A-D suture union surgery could reduce wound gnawing and/or scratching, suture breakage, incisional dehiscence, wound inflammation, and promote wound healing in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,First Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Lixin County, Bozhou, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tingbao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Liangshuang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhanyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhaodong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianzhong Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, China
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11
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Zhang S, Nie H, Yang Y, Yang L, He J. Activating Blood Circulation, Anti-Inflammatory and Diuretic Effects of Leonurus japonicus Extract on a Rat Model of Trauma Blood Stasis and Its Phytochemical Profiling. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201176. [PMID: 36746759 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. has been traditionally used to treat many ailments. This study evaluated the activating blood circulation, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic effects of L. japonicus extract (LJ) and identified its phytochemicals. In this work, the phytochemicals in LJ were identified using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=8): Control group was treated with saline, while the Model group (saline) and LJ group (426 mg/kg) had induced traumatic injury. All rats were treated with once by daily oral gavage for one week. The biochemical indices and protein expression were measured. Herein, 79 constituents were identified in LJ, which were effective in elevating body weight, food consumption, water intake, and urinary excretion volume, as well as in ameliorating traumatic muscle tissues in model rats. In addition, LJ prominently decreased the contents of plasma viscosity, platelet aggregation rate, thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), TXB2/6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), PAI-1/tissue-type PA (t-PA), and PAI-1/u-PA, while significantly increasing antithrombin III, 6-keto-PGF1α, and t-PA contents. Furthermore, LJ notably inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, aquaporin 1 (AQP1), AQP2, and AQP3 levels, and markedly elevating IL-10 and natriuretic peptide levels. Finally, LJ markedly reduced the protein expression of AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3 compared to the model group. Collectively, LJ possessed prominent activating blood circulation, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic effects, thus supporting the clinical application of L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Aeras, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, P. R. China
| | - Hua Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Aeras, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, P. R. China
| | - Yali Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Aeras, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Junwei He
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
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12
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Gong Y, Jiang Y, Huang J, He Z, Tang Q. Moist exposed burn ointment accelerates diabetes-related wound healing by promoting re-epithelialization. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1042015. [PMID: 36703885 PMCID: PMC9871640 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1042015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of diabetes-related wounds is widespread, and the treatment is challenging. We found that Moist Exposed Burn Ointment (MEBO) promotes the healing of diabetes-related wounds, but the mechanism is not clear. Methods This study aimed to explore the mechanism of MEBO on diabetic wound healing, which may be related to the promotion of re-epithelialization. A full-thickness skin resection model was established in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. MEBO and Kangfuxin (KFX) were applied to the wound area, and the wound healing rate was analyzed by photographing. The granulation tissue and epidermal thickness, the collagen remodeling rate, and the expression of cytokeratin 10 (CK10), cytokeratin 14 (CK14), Ki67, Collagen I, and Collagen III in the regenerated skin were detected by H&E staining, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. MEBO and KFX were applied to human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT), mouse dermal fibrolasts (MDF) cells, and cell viability, cell migration, and differentiation were determined by CCK-8, scratching assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot (WB), respectively. Results We found that MEBO significantly promoted the formation of wound granulation tissue and collagen remodeling in diabetic mice. The application of MEBO to diabetic wounds not only promoted the formation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands but also promoted the expression of Ki67, CK10, and CK14 in epidermal cells. MEBO had no significant effect on the differentiation process of keratinocytes. Conclusion Our study further proved that MEBO plays a positive role in diabetic wound healing, and its excellent ability to promote re-epithelialization may be an important reason for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxun Gong
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jinmei Huang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zuofen He
- Graduate School, YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China,*Correspondence: Qianli Tang,
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13
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Yang Y, Wei S, Li Q, Chu K, Zhou Y, Xue L, Tian H, Tao S. Vitamin D protects silica particles induced lung injury by promoting macrophage polarization in a KLF4-STAT6 manner. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109148. [PMID: 36049670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is one of the severest occupational diseases worldwide, manifesting as infiltration of inflammatory cells, excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and pulmonary diffuse fibrosis. Macrophages polarization to M2 is one of the major strategies that attenuates inflammatory response. Our previous study found that vitamin D could protect against silica-induced lung injury by damping the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we further identified that vitamin D attenuated silica particles-induced lung inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization in a KLF4-STAT6 manner. Myeloid-specific Stat6 knockout (cKO) mice were generated for in vivo studies. Primary macrophages purified from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of wildtype or Stat6 cKO mice and differentiated THP-1 cells were used for in vitro studies. Vitamin D was found to promote alveolar macrophage polarizing to M2 phenotype through the STAT6 signaling pathway, as demonstrated by worse lung inflammation and ablated protection of vitamin D in silica particles-instilled Stat6 cKO mice. Mechanismly, vitamin D upregulated KLF4 expression in the alveolar macrophage, which synergistically activated STAT6. Additionally, KLF4 was found to upregulate macrophages autophagy, which protected them from silica particles-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The protective effects of vitamin D were dismissed by silencing KLF4. Our study demonstrates the potential mechanism of vitamin D-mediated macrophage polarization and reveals the therapeutic application of vitamin D in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjing Yang
- Chongqing University Central Hospital and Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China; School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Wei
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianmin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaimiao Chu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yujia Zhou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tian
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- Chongqing University Central Hospital and Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China; School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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14
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Hu K, Xu Y, Li X, Du P, Lu Y, Lyu G. The Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton Regulates Macrophages and Promotes Wound Healing. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5995-6005. [PMID: 36547069 PMCID: PMC9777221 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) is an immunomodulator used clinically for its ability to modulate the body's immune function. Macrophages are an important hub of the immune response during wound healing. In this study, we hypothesized that a Nr-CWS could modulate macrophage physiological activities, polarize macrophages toward M2, and promote wound healing. Through in vivo experiments, we made two full-thickness excisional wounds on the backs of mice; one was treated with a Nr-CWS, and the other was treated with saline. We photographed and recorded the wound change every other day. We observed the histopathological examination and collagen deposition using H&E and Masson staining, then analyzed the macrophage surface markers using immunofluorescence. Through in vitro experiments, we studied the effect of the Nr-CWS on RAW264.7 cells through CCK8, transwell, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. We found that the Nr-CWS can enhance the proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis of macrophages. In addition, it can promote the recruitment of macrophages on the wound surface, polarize macrophages to M2, and increase the expression of pro-healing cytokines. Ultimately, the Nr-CWS accelerated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pan Du
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yichi Lu
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, China
- Correspondence: or
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15
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Xue H, Sun M, Zhao X, Wang Y, Yan J, Zhang W. Preparation and Characterization of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Cutaneous Wound Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1716. [PMID: 35566885 PMCID: PMC9105569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural hydrogels are growing in interest as a priority for wound healing. Plant polysaccharides have a variety of biological pharmacological activities, and chitosan hydrogels have proven strong antimicrobial effects, but hydrogels prepared with polysaccharides alone have certain deficiencies. Polysaccharides from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LP) and the aerial parts of Mentha canadensis L. (MP) were extracted and oxidized by sodium periodate (NaIO4) and then cross-linked with oxidized-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CCS) to develop oxidized plant- polysaccharides-chitosan hydrogels (OPHs). SEM observation showed that OPHs had porous interior structures with interconnecting pores. The OPHs showed good swelling, water-retention ability, blood coagulation, cytocompatibility properties, and low cytotoxicity (classed as grade 1 according to United States Pharmacopoeia), which met the requirements for wound dressings. Then the cutaneous wound-healing effect was evaluated in BALB/C mice model, after 7 days treatment, the wound-closure rate of OPHs groups were all greater than 50%, and after 14 days, all were greater than 90%, while the value of the control group was only 72.6%. Of them, OPH-2 and OPH-3 were more favorable to the wound-healing process, as the promotion was more significant. The plant polysaccharides and CS-based hydrogel should be a candidate for cutaneous wound dressings.
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16
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Wang L, Lu Q, Gao W, Yu S. Recent advancement on development of drug-induced macrophage polarization in control of human diseases. Life Sci 2021; 284:119914. [PMID: 34453949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which exert pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor effects, respectively. Thus, drug development in induction of macrophage polarization could be used to treat different human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advancement on modulation of macrophage polarization and its related molecular mechanisms induced by a number of agents. Research on the anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate the macrophage polarization accounts for a large proportion in the field and types of diseases investigated could include atherosclerosis, enteritis, nephritis, and the nervous system and skeletal diseases, while study of the anti-tumor agents to modify macrophage polarization is a novel area of research. Future study of the molecular mechanisms by which the different agents regulate the macrophage polarization could lead to an effective control of various human diseases, including inflammation and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Clinical Trial Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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