Association between antenatal maternal anxiety and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler depends on fetal gender

Effects of ambient air pollution, fresh fruit and vegetable intakes as well as maternal psychosocial stress on the outcome of newborn otoacoustic emission hearing screening

BACKGROUND

Newborn hearing screening results indicated that more than 40% of the detected infants had no recognized risk factors. To determine whether maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and experience of stressful life event, as well as lack of fresh fruit and vegetable during pregnancy are associated with the abnormal hearing development among newborns.

METHODS

A total of 1193 newborns and their mothers were recruited in this study. Personal information and covariates were collected by face to face interview. Medical examination results of newborns and their mothers were extracted from medical record. We estimated personal air pollutant exposure level through inverse distance weighted method based on data from air quality monitoring stations and assessed the auditory development of newborns via distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between DPOAE screening result and the potential influential factors as well as the combined effect.

RESULTS

The results indicated that PM₁₀ exposure during the second trimester and stressful life event during the third trimester could increase the risk of not passing DPOAE test among newborns. However, frequent intakes of fruit and vegetable significantly reduced the risk. There was a synergetic interaction between PM₁₀ exposure and stressful life event on neonatal hearing development.

CONCLUSIONS

To alleviate abnormal auditory development among fetus, pregnant woman should decrease the exposures to ambient air pollutant and negative life event and at the same time, intake sufficient fresh fruit and vegetable.

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Objective This study examined the independent effect of delivery type and preoperative anxiety on placenta oxidative stress response.

Materials and methods A total of 126 patients who gave birth were divided into two groups according to delivery type: vaginal delivery group (VD) (n=56) and elective cesarean section delivery group (CS) (n=70). The preoperative anxiety levels of pregnant women who came to the delivery room were evaluated with the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scale. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative status (TAS), total oxidative state (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in umbilical cord blood were compared according to preoperative anxiety level and type of delivery.

Results The CS group had significantly higher MDA (0.88±0.15 versus 0.79±0.09, p=0.001) and TOS (8.37±1.81 versus 7.53±0.77, p=0.019) values compared to the VD group. TAS levels did not differ significantly between the groups. SOD levels were higher in VD group compared to CS group (p=0.049). When the factors affecting oxidative stress biomarkers are analyzed by regression analysis, factors affecting MDA were found to be SAI score (Beta=0.358), CS (Beta=0.212), the factor affecting SOD was found to be VD (Beta=0.318), the factors affecting TOS were found to be SAI score (Beta=0.317) and CS (Beta=0.183).

Conclusıon Oxidative stress biomarker levels in umbilical cord blood and preoperative anxiety levels were higher in patients who underwent elective caesarean section than those who delivered vaginally. Preoperative anxiety was the factor that increased oxidative stress biomarkers of umbilical cord blood the most.