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Giorgia Potortì A, Francesco Mottese A, Rita Fede M, Sabatino G, Dugo G, Lo Turco V, Costa R, Caridi F, Di Bella M, Di Bella G. Multielement and chemometric analysis for the traceability of the Pachino Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) cherry tomatoes. Food Chem 2022; 386:132746. [PMID: 35334318 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To prevent PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) cherry tomato of Pachino (Sicily, Italy) from frauds, an alternative method, which includes chemometric treatments, was proposed. The content of 32 inorganic elements (macro-micronutrients and lanthanides) present in 16 PGI and 24 not PGI cherry tomato samples cv Naomy, and in 16 PGI and 8 not PGI soil samples, was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). To identify the elements able to differentiate PGI and not PGI cherry tomato samples, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were performed. The first two principal components (PC1-PC2) explain a total variance of 71,41% between PGI and not PGI group, whereas CDA showed Zn, Cd, Mn and Ca as inorganic markers able to correctly classify the 100% of samples. Furthermore, with a translocation factor (K), evaluated in soil/plant chain, the comparison of absorption trends for PGI and not PGI samples was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Francesco Mottese
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physics and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Fede
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sabatino
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physics and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Caridi
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physics and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Di Bella
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo, Milazzo Office, Via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, ME, Italy; Sede Territoriale Sicilia, Dipartimento di Ecologia Marina Integrata, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Guo X, Liu H, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Discrimination of goat, buffalo, and yak milk from different livestock, regions, and lactation using microelement contents. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1283-1295. [PMID: 33761138 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating whether the livestock, lactation stage, or geographical origin of specialty milk in China could be classified by the elemental contents. Samples of goat, buffalo, and yak milk were collected from main production provinces in China and the contents of nine elements in milk from different livestock, regions, and lactation stages were determined. Statistical analysis indicated that the contents of Mn, Cu, As, Se, Cs, and Mo in mature milk were significantly different between the three livestock (p < 0.05). The trends of Mn and Cs contents of the goat milk and buffalo milk increased first and then decreased gradually during lactation. The contents of Se, Cs, Ba, and Mo in mature milk of three livestock were significantly different between the three regions (p < 0.05). The result of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the total correct classification rates in different livestock for mature milk reached 86.7 and 90%. For goat milk, the total correct classification rates of different lactations and regions reached 88.9 and 77.8% for LDA (100 and 87.5% for PLS-DA), and followed by yak milk of different regions which achieved 88.9% for LDA (88.9% for PLS-DA). In summary, the microelements in milk showed a significant correlation with livestock, region, and lactation of goat, buffalo, and yak milk. The elemental fingerprints combined with the LDA could be potential for classifying the livestock, lactation stage, and geographical origin of milk. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: According to study the contents of miroelements in milk from different livestock, regions, and lactation stages, provide evidence and support for classifying the livestock, lactation stage, and geographical origin of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Monnolo A, Clausi MT, Mercogliano R, Fusco G, Fiorentino ML, Buono F, Lama A, Ferrante MC. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in donkey milk: Correlation with the infection level by intestinal strongyles. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127287. [PMID: 32535446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed at evaluating the concentration levels of organochlorine pollutants in donkey milk and their modulation on the intestinal strongyle infection. Risk evaluation for consumer health was also investigated. METHODS We analyzed milk of grazing donkeys living in areas of Southern of Italy affected by organochlorine compounds environmental pollution and parasite infection. The presence of pollutants was assessed through summary statistics; regression analysis of intestinal strongyle on pollutant concentration was performed to investigate the relationship between the two variables. RESULTS PCB concentrations (mainly non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCBs) were higher than OCP ones. Mean values of ndl-PCBs across areas ranged from 93.13 to 263.64 ng g-1. In all sample units we detected the six indicator PCBs with the prevalence of the PCB 153, followed by the PCB 28 and the PCB 101. Among the dioxin-like (dl)-PCBs, non-ortho PCB 169, 77 and 126 were assessed in some milk samples; in all areas we detected the mono-ortho PCB 118 and PCB 105. Positive correlation between infection level and six indicator PCBs as well as between the former and HCB, on WW and LW, were observed (at least statistically significant at 5 percent). In some cases, Dl-PCB concentrations emerged as dangerous given the EU maximum residue limit for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. CONCLUSION Evidence supports the hypothesis of an immunosuppressive role of organochlorine pollutants; risk evaluation reveals the potential health impact of dl-PCB intake, particularly for major donkey milk consumers such as infants, children with cow milk and multiple food intolerance, and elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monnolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M T Clausi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - R Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Fusco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - M L Fiorentino
- Environmental Research Center, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Buono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Lo Turco V, Potortì AG, Tropea A, Dugo G, Di Bella G. Element analysis of dried figs (Ficus carica L.) from the Mediterranean areas. J Food Compost Anal 2020; 90:103503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lin T, Chen P, Chen X, Shen J, Zhong S, Sun Q, Guo M, Cheng X. Geographical Classification of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through Mineral Component Analysis. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1777560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shangshang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinsheng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Potortì AG, Bua GD, Lo Turco V, Ben Tekaya A, Beltifa A, Ben Mansour H, Dugo G, Di Bella G. Major, minor and trace element concentrations in spices and aromatic herbs from Sicily (Italy) and Mahdia (Tunisia) by ICP-MS and multivariate analysis. Food Chem 2019; 313:126094. [PMID: 31923867 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Element contents in different types of spices and aromatic herbs collected from Italy and Tunisia were evaluated. The aim was to evaluate: the possible differences and/or similarities among the analyzed samples; if it is possible related the samples to their geographical origins; the nutritional quality and the potential health risks. Potassium, Ca, Mg and Ni were low in laurel and rosemary; mint and thyme showed the highest Na and the lowest Se contents; arsenic and Cd levels were found highest in verbena which had also the lowest Hg content; lastly, black pepper had the highest Mn and the lowest Pb contents. Instead discrimination between Italian and Tunisian samples for each spices and aromatic herbs under analysis was achieved by PCA. Essential elements intake through samples was small. Levels of Pb in some samples exceed the maximum allowable level, but any safety risk for consumers is excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giorgia Potortì
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Daniel Bua
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Asma Ben Tekaya
- APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Asma Beltifa
- APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Conte F, Panebianco A. Potential Hazards Associated with Raw Donkey Milk Consumption: A Review. Int J Food Sci 2019; 2019:5782974. [PMID: 31275956 PMCID: PMC6582899 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5782974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk can be used as a substitute for infants and children who suffer from cow milk proteins intolerance and multiple food hypersensitivity. Up to date, this is one of the main reasons why donkey milk has become a substantial area for reasearch, with an increase over the the last fifteen years. In donkey milk chain, risk analysis should be the object of particular attention because children are the main consumers of this food. In fact, this process is one of the main tool to achieve a high level of protection of human health and life; thus, the most important safety hazards should be monitored in order to attain this goal. This review focuses on the main hazards possibly present in raw donkey milk, including bacteria, fungal toxins, parasites, and chemical pollutants. Literature data have been considered, including some information that is not provided in the international literature. In the authors' opinion, the current scientific knowledge should be improved, with the aim of allowing a suitable risk assessment along the whole donkey milk chain. However, in the meantime, the competent authorithies must carry out more stringent official controls, with particular attention given to the level of primary production. The issue of a traceability system in donkey milk chain should be considered of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Conte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - A. Panebianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Potortì AG, Di Bella G, Mottese AF, Bua GD, Fede MR, Sabatino G, Salvo A, Somma R, Dugo G, Lo Turco V. Traceability of Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Interdonato lemon pulps by chemometric analysis of the mineral composition. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Potortί AG, Lo Turco V, Saitta M, Bua GD, Tropea A, Dugo G, Di Bella G. Chemometric analysis of minerals and trace elements in Sicilian wines from two different grape cultivars. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1000-1005. [PMID: 27871182 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1261341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemometric analysis are used for food authenticity evaluation, correlating botanical and geographical origins with food chemical composition. This research was carried out in order to prove that it is possible linked red wines to Nero d'Avola and Syrah cultivars of Vitis vinifera according to their mineral content, while the values of the physical and chemical parameters do not affect relevantly this discrimination. The levels of mineral elements were determined by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Samples from cv Nero d'Avola had the highest content of Zn, Cr, Ni, As and Cd, whereas the highest mineral concentration in cv Syrah samples was represented by K, Mg, Cu, and Sb. The research highlights that it is possible linked red wines to Nero d'Avola and Syrah cultivars of V. vinifera according to their mineral contents, adding knowledge to the determination studies of the wine botanical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giorgia Potortί
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF) , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF) , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Marcello Saitta
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF) , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Daniel Bua
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF) , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Alessia Tropea
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF) , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF) , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF) , Università di Messina , Messina , Italy
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Drivelos SA, Danezis GP, Haroutounian SA, Georgiou CA. Rare earth elements minimal harvest year variation facilitates robust geographical origin discrimination: The case of PDO "Fava Santorinis". Food Chem 2016; 213:238-245. [PMID: 27451177 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the trace and rare earth elemental (REE) fingerprint variations of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) "Fava Santorinis" over three consecutive harvesting years (2011-2013). Classification of samples in harvesting years was studied by performing discriminant analysis (DA), k nearest neighbours (κ-NN), partial least squares (PLS) analysis and probabilistic neural networks (PNN) using rare earth elements and trace metals determined using ICP-MS. DA performed better than κ-NN, producing 100% discrimination using trace elements and 79% using REEs. PLS was found to be superior to PNN, achieving 99% and 90% classification for trace and REEs, respectively, while PNN achieved 96% and 71% classification for trace and REEs, respectively. The information obtained using REEs did not enhance classification, indicating that REEs vary minimally per harvesting year, providing robust geographical origin discrimination. The results show that seasonal patterns can occur in the elemental composition of "Fava Santorinis", probably reflecting seasonality of climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros A Drivelos
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Serkos A Haroutounian
- Nutritional Physiology and Feeding Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Georgiou
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
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Di Bella G, Lo Turco V, Potortì AG, Bua GD, Fede MR, Dugo G. Geographical discrimination of Italian honey by multi-element analysis with a chemometric approach. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sun H, Xia L, Liang S, Shen S. The Correlation of Inorganic Anion Contents in Rice and Its Soils Based on Four Geographical Origin. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014; 7:1791-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Potortì AG, Di Bella G, Lo Turco V, Rando R, Dugo G. Non-toxic and potentially toxic elements in Italian donkey milk by ICP-MS and multivariate analysis. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Licata P, Naccari F, Di Bella G, Lo Turco V, Martorana V, mo Dugo G. Inorganic anions in goat and ovine milk from Calabria (Italy) by suppressed ion chromatography. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:458-65. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.747222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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