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Khan S, Khan HU, Nazir S. Systematic analysis of healthcare big data analytics for efficient care and disease diagnosing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22377. [PMID: 36572709 PMCID: PMC9792582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Big data has revolutionized the world by providing tremendous opportunities for a variety of applications. It contains a gigantic amount of data, especially a plethora of data types that has been significantly useful in diverse research domains. In healthcare domain, the researchers use computational devices to extract enriched relevant information from this data and develop smart applications to solve real-life problems in a timely fashion. Electronic health (eHealth) and mobile health (mHealth) facilities alongwith the availability of new computational models have enabled the doctors and researchers to extract relevant information and visualize the healthcare big data in a new spectrum. Digital transformation of healthcare systems by using of information system, medical technology, handheld and smart wearable devices has posed many challenges to researchers and caretakers in the form of storage, minimizing treatment cost, and processing time (to extract enriched information, and minimize error rates to make optimum decisions). In this research work, the existing literature is analysed and assessed, to identify gaps that result in affecting the overall performance of the available healthcare applications. Also, it aims to suggest enhanced solutions to address these gaps. In this comprehensive systematic research work, the existing literature reported during 2011 to 2021, is thoroughly analysed for identifying the efforts made to facilitate the doctors and practitioners for diagnosing diseases using healthcare big data analytics. A set of rresearch questions are formulated to analyse the relevant articles for identifying the key features and optimum management solutions, and laterally use these analyses to achieve effective outcomes. The results of this systematic mapping conclude that despite of hard efforts made in the domains of healthcare big data analytics, the newer hybrid machine learning based systems and cloud computing-based models should be adapted to reduce treatment cost, simulation time and achieve improved quality of care. This systematic mapping will also result in enhancing the capabilities of doctors, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to use this study as evidence for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Khan
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Habib Ullah Khan
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shah Nazir
- grid.502337.00000 0004 4657 4747Department of Computer Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
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Krittanawong C, Johnson KW, Choi E, Kaplin S, Venner E, Murugan M, Wang Z, Glicksberg BS, Amos CI, Schatz MC, Tang W. Artificial Intelligence and Cardiovascular Genetics. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:279. [PMID: 35207566 PMCID: PMC8875522 DOI: 10.3390/life12020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenic diseases, which are genetic disorders caused by the combined action of multiple genes, pose unique and significant challenges for the diagnosis and management of affected patients. A major goal of cardiovascular medicine has been to understand how genetic variation leads to the clinical heterogeneity seen in polygenic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent advances and emerging technologies in artificial intelligence (AI), coupled with the ever-increasing availability of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, now provide researchers with unprecedented possibilities for dynamic and complex biological genomic analyses. Combining these technologies may lead to a deeper understanding of heterogeneous polygenic CVDs, better prognostic guidance, and, ultimately, greater personalized medicine. Advances will likely be achieved through increasingly frequent and robust genomic characterization of patients, as well the integration of genomic data with other clinical data, such as cardiac imaging, coronary angiography, and clinical biomarkers. This review discusses the current opportunities and limitations of genomics; provides a brief overview of AI; and identifies the current applications, limitations, and future directions of AI in genomics.
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Krittanawong C, Aydar M, Hassan Virk HU, Kumar A, Kaplin S, Guimaraes L, Wang Z, Halperin JL. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Blockchains for Cardiovascular Medicine. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:185-195. [PMID: 34856332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical databases, particularly those composed of big data, face growing security challenges. Blockchain, the open, decentralized, distributed public ledger technology powering cryptocurrency, records transactions securely without the need for third-party verification. In the health care setting, decentralized blockchain networks offer a secure interoperable gateway for clinical research and practice data. Here, we discuss recent advances and potential future directions for the application of blockchain and its integration with artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiovascular medicine. We first review the basic underlying concepts of this technology and contextualise it within the spectrum of current, well known applications. We then consider specific applications for cardiovascular medicine and research in areas such as high-throughput gene sequencing, wearable technologies, and clinical trials. We then evaluate current challenges to effective implementation and future directions. We also summarise the health care applications that can be realised by combining decentralized blockchain computing platforms (for data security) and AI computing (for data analytics). By leveraging high-performance computing and AI capable of securely managing large and rapidly expanding medical databases, blockchain incorporation can provide clinically meaningful predictions, help advance research methodology (eg, via robust AI-blockchain decentralized clinical trials), and provide virtual tools in clinical practice (eg, telehealth, sensory-based technologies, wearable medical devices). Integrating AI and blockchain approaches synergistically amplifies the strengths of both technologies to create novel solutions to serve the objective of providing precision cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Mehmet Aydar
- Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anirudh Kumar
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott Kaplin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lucca Guimaraes
- Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan L Halperin
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Khomtchouk BB, Tran DT, Vand KA, Might M, Gozani O, Assimes TL. Cardioinformatics: the nexus of bioinformatics and precision cardiology. Brief Bioinform 2020; 21:2031-2051. [PMID: 31802103 PMCID: PMC7947182 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, causing over 17 million deaths per year, which outpaces global cancer mortality rates. Despite these sobering statistics, most bioinformatics and computational biology research and funding to date has been concentrated predominantly on cancer research, with a relatively modest footprint in CVD. In this paper, we review the existing literary landscape and critically assess the unmet need to further develop an emerging field at the multidisciplinary interface of bioinformatics and precision cardiovascular medicine, which we refer to as 'cardioinformatics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan B Khomtchouk
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine and Biomedical Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diem-Trang Tran
- School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Matthew Might
- Hugh Kaul Personalized Medicine Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Or Gozani
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Krittanawong C, Johnson KW, Rosenson RS, Wang Z, Aydar M, Baber U, Min JK, Tang WHW, Halperin JL, Narayan SM. Deep learning for cardiovascular medicine: a practical primer. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:2058-2073. [PMID: 30815669 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) is a branch of machine learning (ML) showing increasing promise in medicine, to assist in data classification, novel disease phenotyping and complex decision making. Deep learning is a form of ML typically implemented via multi-layered neural networks. Deep learning has accelerated by recent advances in computer hardware and algorithms and is increasingly applied in e-commerce, finance, and voice and image recognition to learn and classify complex datasets. The current medical literature shows both strengths and limitations of DL. Strengths of DL include its ability to automate medical image interpretation, enhance clinical decision-making, identify novel phenotypes, and select better treatment pathways in complex diseases. Deep learning may be well-suited to cardiovascular medicine in which haemodynamic and electrophysiological indices are increasingly captured on a continuous basis by wearable devices as well as image segmentation in cardiac imaging. However, DL also has significant weaknesses including difficulties in interpreting its models (the 'black-box' criticism), its need for extensive adjudicated ('labelled') data in training, lack of standardization in design, lack of data-efficiency in training, limited applicability to clinical trials, and other factors. Thus, the optimal clinical application of DL requires careful formulation of solvable problems, selection of most appropriate DL algorithms and data, and balanced interpretation of results. This review synthesizes the current state of DL for cardiovascular clinicians and investigators, and provides technical context to appreciate the promise, pitfalls, near-term challenges, and opportunities for this exciting new area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kipp W Johnson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mehmet Aydar
- Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Usman Baber
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, USA
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan L Halperin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Rodriguez M, Hernandez M, Cheungpasitporn W, Kashani KB, Riaz I, Rangaswami J, Herzog E, Guglin M, Krittanawong C. Hyponatremia in Heart Failure: Pathogenesis and Management. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 15:252-261. [PMID: 30843491 PMCID: PMC8142352 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190306111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyponatremia is a very common electrolyte abnormality, associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Two opposite processes can result in hyponatremia in this setting: Volume overload with dilutional hypervolemic hyponatremia from congestion, and hypovolemic hyponatremia from excessive use of natriuretics. These two conditions require different therapeutic approaches. While sodium in the form of normal saline can be lifesaving in the second case, the same treatment would exacerbate hyponatremia in the first case. Hypervolemic hyponatremia in HF patients is multifactorial and occurs mainly due to the persistent release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the setting of ineffective renal perfusion secondary to low cardiac output. Fluid restriction and loop diuretics remain mainstay treatments for hypervolemic/dilutional hyponatremia in patients with HF. In recent years, a few strategies, such as AVP antagonists (Tolvaptan, Conivaptan, and Lixivaptan), and hypertonic saline in addition to loop diuretics, have been proposed as potentially promising treatment options for this condition. This review aimed to summarize the current literature on pathogenesis and management of hyponatremia in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St' Luke and Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, United States.,Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai St' Luke, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcelo Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St' Luke and Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, MS, United States
| | - Kianoush B Kashani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Iqra Riaz
- Department of Nephrology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janani Rangaswami
- Department of Nephrology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eyal Herzog
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai St' Luke, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maya Guglin
- Division of Cardiology, Mechanical Assisted Circulation, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, KY, United States
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St' Luke and Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, United States.,Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai St' Luke, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, United States
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Omar AMS, Krittanawong C, Narula S, Narula J, Argulian E. Echocardiographic Data in Artificial Intelligence Research: Primer on Concepts of Big Data and Latent States. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 13:170-172. [PMID: 31542543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lima FV, Russell R, Druz R. Big Data in Cardiovascular Disease. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2019; 6:329-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-019-00209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Krittanawong C, Johnson KW, Tang WW. How artificial intelligence could redefine clinical trials in cardiovascular medicine: lessons learned from oncology. Per Med 2019; 16:83-88. [PMID: 30838909 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kipp W Johnson
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wh Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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