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Arsenopoulos KV, Sioutas G, Triantafillou E, Gelasakis AI, Papadopoulos E. Will Fly Repellency Using Deltamethrin Reduce Intramammary Infections, Stress and Fatigue Indicators of Dairy Ewes under Intensive Management? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020232. [PMID: 33669596 PMCID: PMC7922805 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramammary infections (IMIs) caused by various pathogens may lead to clinical or subclinical mastitis, challenging the health and welfare status of infected animals and decreasing the quantity and quality of the produced milk. Additionally, the zoonotic potential of some of the pathogens isolated from IMI cases, the emergence of antibiotic resistance due to the extensive antibiotic use for IMI treatment, and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in milk and meat represent significant concerns for public health. Therefore, the investigation of IMI risk factors and the proposal of efficient measures to mitigate their effects on animal health and welfare is crucial. Although fly infestation is considered to play a significant role in the transmission of IMI pathogens, its adverse effects on udder health and the overall comfort status of dairy ewes have not been quantified and assessed on an evidential basis. Hence, the objectives of this study were to assess, for the first time, the fly repellent effect of deltamethrin and link it to: (i) the occurrence of common bacterial IMI; (ii) the somatic cell counts in milk; and (iii) the serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels (stress and fatigue indicators). The study was carried out in an intensive dairy sheep farm in northern Greece, during peak fly season. Deltamethrin treatment was associated with a reduced (i) number of flies (mostly Musca domestica) landing on treated ewes, compared to untreated ones (p < 0.05); (ii) colony-forming units in the case of Non-aureus Staphylococci IMIs (p < 0.05); and (iii) number of somatic cells in the milk (p < 0.001). Finally, serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels were significantly lower in deltamethrin-treated ewes (p < 0.001), indicating a less stressful environment for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.V.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Georgios Sioutas
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.V.A.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.V.A.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-6944882872
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Vasileiou NGC, Chatzopoulos DC, Sarrou S, Fragkou IA, Katsafadou AI, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Role of staphylococci in mastitis in sheep. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:254-66. [PMID: 31423957 DOI: 10.1017/S0022029919000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococci have been isolated from various sites of the body of healthy sheep, as well as from many infections of those animals, the main one being mastitis. The objective of this review is to appraise the importance and significance of staphylococci in causing mastitis in ewes. The review includes a brief classification and taxonomy of staphylococci and describes the procedures for their isolation and identification, as well as their virulence determinants and the mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents. Various staphylococcal species have been implicated in staphylococcal mastitis and the characteristics of isolates are discussed with regards to potential virulence factors. Staphylococcal mastitis is explicitly described, with reference to sources of infection, the course of the disease and the relevant control measures. Finally, the potential significance of staphylococci present in ewes' milk for public health is discussed briefly.
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Zhou P, Chen Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Huang X, Fan XG. Acupuncture-associated infections: A matter of concern in China. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019; 40:383-4. [PMID: 30887940 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Feldkamp J, Führer D, Luster M, Musholt TJ, Spitzweg C, Schott M. Fine Needle Aspiration in the Investigation of Thyroid Nodules. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2018; 113:353-9. [PMID: 27294815 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are a common finding in Germany. Most are benign; thyroid cancer is very rare. The challenge for the physician is to diagnose malignant tumors early. Fine needle aspiration is an important tool for this purpose. METHODS This review is based on pertinent articles (1980-2014) retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and on the current recommendations of guidelines issued by the specialty societies in Germany and abroad. RESULTS Clinical, ultrasonographic, and scintigraphic criteria are used to identify high-risk nodules, which are then further studied by fine needle aspiration. Important ultrasonographic criteria for malignancy are low echodensity (positive predictive value [PPV]: 1.85), microcalcifications (PPV: 3.65), irregular borders (PPV: 3.76), and intense vascularization. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is an inexpensive and technically straight - forward diagnostic procedure that causes little discomfort for the patient. It helps prevent unnecessary thyroid surgery and is used to determine the proper surgical strategy if malignancy is suspected. The cytological study of fine needle aspirates enables highly precise diagnosis of many tumor entities, but follicular neoplasia can only be diagnosed histologically. In the near future, molecular genetic methods will probably extend the diagnostic range of fine needle aspiration beyond what is currently achievable with classic cytology. CONCLUSION Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland in experienced hands is an easily performed diagnostic procedure with very little associated risk. It should be performed on ultrasonographically suspect nodules for treatment stratification and before any operation for an unclear nodular change in the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Feldkamp
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Pneumology, and Infectiology; Bielefeld Clinical Centre, Germany, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Essen University Hospital, Germany, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Germany, Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hospital of the University of Munich, Germany, Division of Special Endocrinology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf
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Li F, Lv CW, Zhang ZD, Li J, Hou Z, Yang XH, Li JT, Luo XX, Li MK. Crystal structure and activities of three biscoumarin derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Teoh KH, Jones SA, Gurunaidu S, Pritchard MG. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection of the subacromial bursa: an unusual complication following subacromial corticosteroid injection (a report of two cases). Shoulder Elbow 2015; 7:182-6. [PMID: 27582976 PMCID: PMC4935156 DOI: 10.1177/1758573214557148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Subacromial corticosteroid injections are frequently used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in shoulder pain. Subacromial septic bursitis is a recognized but rare complication. There have been no reports of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections of the subacromial bursa after subacromial injections in the literature. We describe case reports of two patients who presented with subacromial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septic bursitis following subacromial corticosteroid injections in the community and highlight the diagnostic and management challenges of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar H Teoh
- Kar H Teoh, Morriston Hospital Heol Maes Eglwys, Morriston, Swansea, SA6 6NL UK. Tel: +44 (0)1792 703185
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Li J, Xue X, Li X, Hou Z, Yang X, Qu D, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Luo X, Li J, Li M. Synthesis of biscoumarin and dihydropyran derivatives as two novel classes of potential anti-bacterial derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1349-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Traeger L, Jayasuriya M, Suppiah A, Devitt PG. Acupuncture: a cause of mediastinal abscess presenting as axillary infection. ANZ J Surg 2015; 87:E106-E107. [PMID: 25829025 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Traeger
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marrillo Jayasuriya
- Discipline of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aravind Suppiah
- Discipline of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter G Devitt
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hyun YS, Kwon JW, Hong SY, Han K. Acute Osteomyelitis in the Proximal Humerus Caused by Pyogenic Glenohumeral Arthritis in an Elderly Patient - A Case Report. Clin Shoulder Elb 2014. [DOI: 10.5397/cise.2014.17.4.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Cassir N, Rolain JM, Brouqui P. A new strategy to fight antimicrobial resistance: the revival of old antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:551. [PMID: 25368610 PMCID: PMC4202707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of hospital and community-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens is limiting the options for effective antibiotic therapy. Moreover, this alarming spread of antimicrobial resistance has not been paralleled by the development of novel antimicrobials. Resistance to the scarce new antibiotics is also emerging. In this context, the rational use of older antibiotics could represent an alternative to the treatment of MDR bacterial pathogens. It would help to optimize the armamentarium of antibiotics in the way to preserve new antibiotics and avoid the prescription of molecules known to favor the spread of resistance (i.e., quinolones). Furthermore, in a global economical perspective, this could represent a useful public health orientation knowing that several of these cheapest “forgotten” antibiotics are not available in many countries. We will review here the successful treatment of MDR bacterial infections with the use of old antibiotics and discuss their place in current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Cassir
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille Marseille, France
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Li MK, Li J, Liu BH, Zhou Y, Li X, Xue XY, Hou Z, Luo XX. Synthesis, crystal structures, and anti-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activities of novel 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kim M, Tyson C, Mascola L. Outbreak of joint infections associated with magnetic resonance arthrograms performed at an outpatient radiology center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013; 34:1215-7. [PMID: 24113609 DOI: 10.1086/673457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus joint infections occurred at an outpatient radiology center. We identified 7 case patients; all had undergone magnetic resonance arthrograms with intra-articular joint injections. The outbreak was likely due to unsafe injection practices in preparation of contrast solution for intra-articular injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kim
- Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Department of Public Health, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
We describe a case of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis after acupuncture for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Sepsis is a rare, but potentially fatal complication of acupuncture. The most common cause of bacterial infection after acupuncture is S. aureus. The effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of CFS is not proven, therefore the potential benefits should be weighed against the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martje L Maas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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Xu S, Wang L, Cooper E, Zhang M, Manheimer E, Berman B, Shen X, Lao L. Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:581203. [PMID: 23573135 DOI: 10.1155/2013/581203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping, important in traditional Eastern medicine, are increasingly used in the West. Their widening acceptance demands continual safety assessment. This review, a sequel to one our team published 10 years ago, is an evaluation of the frequency and severity of adverse events (AEs) reported for acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping between 2000 and 2011. Relevant English-language reports in six databases were identified and assessed by two reviewers. During this 12-year period, 117 reports of 308 AEs from 25 countries and regions were associated with acupuncture (294 cases), moxibustion (4 cases), or cupping (10 cases). Country of occurrence, patient's sex and age, and outcome were extracted. Infections, mycobacterial, staphylococcal, and others, were the main complication of acupuncture. In the previous review, we found the main source of infection to be hepatitis, caused by reusable needles. In this review, we found the majority of infections to be bacterial, caused by skin contact at acupoint sites; we found no cases of hepatitis. Although the route of infection had changed, infections were still the major complication of acupuncture. Clearly, guidelines such as Clean Needle Technique must be followed in order to minimize acupuncture AEs.
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Wang JL, Tang HJ, Hsieh PH, Chiu FY, Chen YH, Chang MC, Huang CT, Liu CP, Lau YJ, Hwang KP, Ko WC, Wang CT, Liu CY, Liu CL, Hsueh PR. Fusidic acid for the treatment of bone and joint infections caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Radcliffe R, Meites E, Briscoe J, Gupta R, Fosheim G, McAllister SK, Jensen B, Noble-Wang J, del Rosario M, Hageman J, Patel PR. Severe methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infections associated with epidural injections at an outpatient pain clinic. Am J Infect Control 2012; 40:144-9. [PMID: 21764479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent outbreaks in ambulatory care settings have highlighted infection control breaches as risk factors for disease transmission. In May 2009, 3 patients were hospitalized with severe methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections after receiving epidural injections at a West Virginia outpatient pain clinic. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating clinic patients who received injections during a 3-week period. A case was defined as laboratory-confirmed infection or clinical evidence of infection ≤ 14 days after a patient received an injection. Infection control procedures were assessed. MSSA isolates from patient infections and clinic staff nasal swabs were genotyped by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Eight (7%) of 110 cohort patients met the case definition; 6 (75%) cases were laboratory confirmed. Eight (12%) of 69 patients who received epidural injections were case patients compared with none of the other 41 patients (P = .02). During procedures, staff use of face masks and preparation of patient skin were suboptimal; epidural injection syringes were reused to access shared medication vials. MSSA isolates from 2 patients and 1 staff member were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. CONCLUSION Infection control breaches likely facilitated MSSA transmission to patients receiving epidural injections. Adhering to correct infection control practices in ambulatory care settings is critical to prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Radcliffe
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Fangtham M, Baer AN. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Arthritis in Adults: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2012; 41:604-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McDowell JM, Johnson GM, Bradnam LV. Towards a neurophysiological mechanisms-based classification of adverse reactions to acupuncture. Physical Therapy Reviews 2011. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x11y.0000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Meng J, Wang H, Hou Z, Chen T, Fu J, Ma X, He G, Xue X, Jia M, Luo X. Novel anion liposome-encapsulated antisense oligonucleotide restores susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and rescues mice from lethal sepsis by targeting mecA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2871-8. [PMID: 19433567 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01542-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactam resistance in methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is caused by the production of an additional low-affinity penicillin-binding protein 2a, which is encoded by the mecA gene. The disruption of mecA may inhibit mecA expression and thereafter lead to the restoration of MRSA susceptibility to beta-lactams. In this study, we developed a novel anionic liposome for encapsulating and delivering the complexes of a specific anti-mecA phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (PS-ODN833) and polycation polyethylenimine (PEI). The efficiencies of liposome encapsulation of the complexes were around 79.7% +/- 2.7%. The liposomes showed sustained release of PS-ODN833 at 37 degrees C but very low levels of release at 4 degrees C and room temperature. The addition of the encapsulated anti-mecA PS-ODN833-PEI complex to cultures of MRSA strains caused 45, 76, 82, and 93% reductions in mecA expression, accompanied by the inhibition of MRSA growth on Mueller-Hinton agar containing oxacillin (6 microg/ml) in a concentration-dependent manner. The encapsulated-PS-ODN833 treatment also reduced the MICs of five of the most commonly used antibiotics for MRSA clinical isolates to values within the sensitivity range and rescued mice from MRSA-caused septic death by downregulating mecA. The survival rates of septic mice increased from 0% for the control group to 53% for the PS-ODN833-treated group. The results were associated with reductions of bacterial titers in the blood of surviving mice. The findings of the present study indicate that an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted to mecA can significantly restore the susceptibility of MRSA to existing beta-lactam antibiotics, providing an apparently novel strategy for treating MRSA infections.
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