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González-Collado CM, Plésiat E, Decleva P, Palacios A, Martín F. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron angular distributions of ammonia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7700-7712. [PMID: 35293411 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of vibrationally resolved photoelectron angular distributions for ammonia in both laboratory and molecular frames, in the photon energy range up to 70 eV, where only valence and inner-valence ionization is possible. We focus on the band resulting from ionization of the 3a1 HOMO orbital leading to NH3+ in the electronic ground state, , for which the dominant vibrational progression corresponds to the activation of the umbrella inversion mode. We show that, at room temperature, the photoelectron angular distributions for randomly oriented molecules or molecules whose principal C3 symmetry axis is aligned along the light polarization direction are perfectly symmetric with respect to the plane that contains the intermediate D3h conformation connecting the pyramidal structures associated with the double-well potential of the umbrella inversion mode. These distributions exhibit symmetric, nearly perfect two-lobe shapes in the whole range of investigated photon energies. In contrast, for molecules where the initial vibrational state is localized in one of the two wells, a situation that can experimentally be achieved by introducing an external electric field, the molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) are in general asymmetric, but the degree of asymmetry of the two lobes dramatically changes and oscillates with photoelectron energy. We also show that, at ultracold temperatures, where all aligned molecules initially lie in the delocalized ground vibrational state, the photoelectron angular distributions are perfectly symmetric, but the two-lobe shape is only observed when the final vibrational state of the resulting NH3+ cation has even parity. When the latter vibrational state has odd parity, the angular distributions are much more involved and, at photoelectron energies of ∼10 eV, they directly reflect the bi-pyramidal geometry of the molecule in its ground vibrational state. These results suggest that, in order to obtain structural information from MFPADs in ammonia and likely in other molecules containing a similar double-well potential, one could preferably work at ultracold temperatures, which is not the case for most molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Etienne Plésiat
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste and CNR-IOM, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Lebech M, Houver JC, Raseev G, dos Santos AS, Dowek D, Lucchese RR. Valence and inner-valence shell dissociative photoionization of CO in the 26–33 eV range. II. Molecular-frame and recoil-frame photoelectron angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:094303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3681920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
With the development of intense VUV sources in the last twenty years, many new measurements of photoionization angular distributions have become possible. By way of example, such measurements on xenon, barium, and nitrogen are discussed to demonstrate how our understanding of electron correlations and resource effects has improved.
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