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Abstract
The multiphonon process plays an essential role in understanding electron-phonon coupling, which significantly influences the optical and transport properties of solids. Multiphonon processes have been observed in many materials, but how to distinguish them directly by their spectral characteristics remains controversial. Here, we report high-order Raman scattering up to 10 orders and hot luminescence involving 11 orders of phonons in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires by selecting the excitation energy. Our results show that the intensity distribution of high-order Raman scattering obeys an exponential decrease as the order number increases, while hot luminescence is fitted with a Poisson distribution with a resonance factor. Their linewidth and frequency can be well explained by two different transition models. Our work provides a paradigm for understanding the multiphonon-involved decay process of an excited state and may inspire studies of the statistical characteristics of excited state decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Farooq
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yu-Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Paradisanos I, Wang G, Alexeev EM, Cadore AR, Marie X, Ferrari AC, Glazov MM, Urbaszek B. Efficient phonon cascades in WSe 2 monolayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:538. [PMID: 33483475 PMCID: PMC7822848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy relaxation of photo-excited charge carriers is of significant fundamental interest and crucial for the performance of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides in optoelectronics. The primary stages of carrier relaxation affect a plethora of subsequent physical mechanisms. Here we measure light scattering and emission in tungsten diselenide monolayers close to the laser excitation energy (down to ~0.6 meV). We reveal a series of periodic maxima in the hot photoluminescence intensity, stemming from energy states higher than the A-exciton state. We find a period ~15 meV for 7 peaks below (Stokes) and 5 peaks above (anti-Stokes) the laser excitation energy, with a strong temperature dependence. These are assigned to phonon cascades, whereby carriers undergo phonon-induced transitions between real states above the free-carrier gap with a probability of radiative recombination at each step. We infer that intermediate states in the conduction band at the Λ-valley of the Brillouin zone participate in the cascade process of tungsten diselenide monolayers. This provides a fundamental understanding of the first stages of carrier-phonon interaction, useful for optoelectronic applications of layered semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Paradisanos
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France.
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Gang Wang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Evgeny M Alexeev
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Alisson R Cadore
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Xavier Marie
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | | | - Bernhard Urbaszek
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France.
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Muñoz-Aguirre N, Martínez-Pérez L, Muñoz-Aguirre S, Flores-Herrera LA, Vergara Hernández E, Zelaya-Angel O. Luminescent Properties of (004) Highly Oriented Cubic Zinc Blende ZnO Thin Films. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3314. [PMID: 31614599 PMCID: PMC6829423 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescence properties of cubic zinc blende ZnO thin films grown on glass substrates prepared by the spray pyrolysis method are discussed. X-ray diffraction spectra show the crystalline wurtzite with preferential growth in the (002) orientation and a metastable cubic zinc blende phase highly oriented in the (004) direction. Raman measurements support the ZnO cubic modification growth of the films. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of zinc blende films are characterized by a new PL band centerd at 2.70 eV, the blue emission, in addition there are two principal bands that are also found in hexagonal ZnO films with the peak positions at 2.83 eV and 2.35 eV. The origin of the 2.70 eV band can be attributed to transitions from Zn-interstitial to Zn-vacancies. It is also important to mention that the PL intensity of the 2.35 eV band of the zinc blende thin films is relatively higher than in the band present in hexagonal ZnO films, which means that zinc blende films have more oxygen vacancies, as was corroborated by means of the energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. PL spectra at 77 °K were measured and the 2.70 eV band was confirmed for the zinc blende films. Some PL bands of cubic films also appeared for the hexagonal phase, which is due, to a certain extent, to the similar ions stacking of both wurtzite and zinc blende symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcizo Muñoz-Aguirre
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Azcapotzalco. Av. Granjas No. 682, Colonia Santa Catarina, Del. Azcapotzalco, CP. 02250 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Departamento de Física del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, C.P. 07351 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Lilia Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Física del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, C.P. 07351 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN No. 2580, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Severino Muñoz-Aguirre
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur, Col. San Manuel (CU), Puebla, Puebla, C.P. 72570, Mexico.
| | - Luis Armando Flores-Herrera
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Azcapotzalco. Av. Granjas No. 682, Colonia Santa Catarina, Del. Azcapotzalco, CP. 02250 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | | | - Orlando Zelaya-Angel
- Departamento de Física del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, C.P. 07351 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Zhang B, Chang R, Wang K, Lü JT, Wang S. Optical Phonon Behaviors of Photocharged Nanocrystals: Effects of Free Charge Carriers. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5055-5062. [PMID: 30111109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), the precise knowledge of phonons in the presence of free carriers is important for understanding their electronic and photonic properties in device applications. With Raman spectroscopy, this study investigates the effects of free charge carriers on optical phonon behaviors of NCs. The adoption of the photocharging method allows us to introduce free charge carriers into NCs without inducing other side effects. In the photocharged ZnO NCs, lower longitudinal optical (LO) phonon frequencies and weaker LO overtones relative to the fundamentals were found, which was explained by the screening and band-filling effects caused by the induced free carriers. The free carrier effects on optical phonon behaviors of NCs, usually neglected in previous studies, should be taken into consideration when discussing the electronic and photonic properties of NC-based devices.
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