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Abstract
This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due to their compositional and structural versatility. The outstanding functional properties of these materials stems from the relationship between their band structure and defect concentration, including charge carrier concentration and electronic conductivity character, which consequently affects their optoelectronic, optical, and plasmonic properties. This, combined with several metastable crystal phases and stoichiometries and the low energy of formation of defects, makes the reproducible synthesis of these materials, with tunable parameters, remarkable. Further to this, the review captures the progress of the hierarchical assembly of these NCs, which bridges the link between their discrete and collective properties. Their ubiquitous application set has cross-cut energy conversion (photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics), energy storage (lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen generation), emissive materials (plasmonics, LEDs, biolabelling), sensors (electrochemical, biochemical), biomedical devices (magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computer tomography), and medical therapies (photochemothermal therapies, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and drug delivery). The confluence of advances in the synthesis, assembly, and application of these NCs in the past decade has the potential to significantly impact society, both economically and environmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coughlan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleksandr Dobrozhan
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Computing, Sumy State University , 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova st., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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2
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Ghosh S, Avellini T, Petrelli A, Kriegel I, Gaspari R, Almeida G, Bertoni G, Cavalli A, Scotognella F, Pellegrino T, Manna L. Colloidal CuFeS 2 Nanocrystals: Intermediate Fe d-Band Leads to High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency. Chem Mater 2016; 28:4848-4858. [PMID: 29033496 PMCID: PMC5634747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe the colloidal hot-injection synthesis of phase-pure nanocrystals (NCs) of a highly abundant mineral, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). Absorption bands centered at around 480 and 950 nm, spanning almost the entire visible and near-infrared regions, encompass their optical extinction characteristics. These peaks are ascribable to electronic transitions from the valence band (VB) to the empty intermediate band (IB), located in the fundamental gap and mainly composed of Fe 3d orbitals. Laser-irradiation (at 808 nm) of an aqueous suspension of CuFeS2 NCs exhibited significant heating, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 49%. Such efficient heating is ascribable to the carrier relaxation within the broad IB band (owing to the indirect VB-IB gap), as corroborated by transient absorption measurements. The intense absorption and high photothermal transduction efficiency (PTE) of these NCs in the so-called biological window (650-900 nm) make them suitable for photothermal therapy as demonstrated by tumor cell annihilation upon laser irradiation. The otherwise harmless nature of these NCs in dark conditions was confirmed by in vitro toxicity tests on two different cell lines. The presence of the deep Fe levels constituting the IB is the origin of such enhanced PTE, which can be used to design other high performing NC photothermal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Ghosh
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Avellini
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Petrelli
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilka Kriegel
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Gaspari
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Guilherme Almeida
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoni
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department of Nanochemistry, CompuNet, and Department of
Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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3
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Abstract
The search for emerging materials combining magnetic and semiconducting properties has attracted widespread interest in contemporary materials science. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), as an earth abundant and nontoxic chalcogenide compound in the I-III-VI2 family, is a promising class of such materials that exhibit unusual electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. However, its successful implementation largely depends on our ability to understand, control and manipulate their structural, transport and spin behavior. Here we show that solution processing monodispersed CuFeS2 quantum dots exhibit a strong coupling among optical, electronic, and magnetic degrees of freedom. The photoresponse and magnetoconductance of CuFeS2 quantum dots are realized under external stimuli. We further exploit a fast and efficient way to achieve an exceptionally large performance in a magneto-optoelectronic hybrid system consisting of magnetic semiconducting CuFeS2 and conducting polymer matrix. The results demonstrate a promising potential of magnetic semiconductor CuFeS2 in the field of spin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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4
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Russell HB, Andriotis AN, Menon M, Jasinski JB, Martinez-Garcia A, Sunkara MK. Direct Band Gap Gallium Antimony Phosphide (GaSbxP(1-x)) Alloys. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20822. [PMID: 26860470 DOI: 10.1038/srep20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report direct band gap transition for Gallium Phosphide (GaP) when alloyed with just 1–2 at% antimony (Sb) utilizing both density functional theory based computations and experiments. First principles density functional theory calculations of GaSbxP1−x alloys in a 216 atom supercell configuration indicate that an indirect to direct band gap transition occurs at x = 0.0092 or higher Sb incorporation into GaSbxP1−x. Furthermore, these calculations indicate band edge straddling of the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions for compositions ranging from x = 0.0092 Sb up to at least x = 0.065 Sb making it a candidate for use in a Schottky type photoelectrochemical water splitting device. GaSbxP1−x nanowires were synthesized by reactive transport utilizing a microwave plasma discharge with average compositions ranging from x = 0.06 to x = 0.12 Sb and direct band gaps between 2.21 eV and 1.33 eV. Photoelectrochemical experiments show that the material is photoactive with p-type conductivity. This study brings attention to a relatively uninvestigated, tunable band gap semiconductor system with tremendous potential in many fields.
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