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Jin SE, Kim EJ, Kim H, Kim H, Hwang W, Hong SW. In vitro and in vivo toxicological evaluation of transition metal-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Nickel and platinum. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 115:110843. [PMID: 32600674 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (M-TiO2 NPs) have been studied to enhance the activity of TiO2 NPs in biomedical applications. In this study, in vitro and in vivo toxicological aspects of M-TiO2 NPs were reported to assess the safety of these materials. M-TiO2 NPs were synthesized via a photo-deposition technique. Nickel (Ni) and platinum (Pt) were used as dopants. Physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, gene ontology (GO) and dermal toxicity of M-TiO2 NPs were investigated. Ni-TiO2 (Ni, 1.02%) and Pt-TiO2 (Pt, 0.26%) NPs were sphere shape crystals with nanoscale size. ARPE-19 cells were more susceptible to Pt-TiO2 NPs (EC50, 0.796 mg/mL) than Ni-TiO2 NPs (EC50, 2.945 mg/mL). M-TiO2 NPs were rated as probably phototoxic to phototoxic. GO suggested binding function and metabolic processes as a risk mechanism of M-TiO2 NPs. In vivo toxicological effects of Ni-TiO2 NPs were not observed on body weight, serum aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase levels, and skin histology at 61.5-6150 mg/kg. Specifically, skin thickness was not significantly modified (max. 33.2 ± 8.7 μm) and inflammation grade was less than level 2 (max. 1.2 ± 0.4). From these results, Ni-TiO2 and Pt-TiO2 NPs show promise as enhanced photocatalysts for safe and sustainable usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunzu Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seok Won Hong
- Center for Water Resources Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Siddiqi G, Luo Z, Xie Y, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Röhr JA, Cha JJ, Hu S. Stable Water Oxidation in Acid Using Manganese-Modified TiO 2 Protective Coatings. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:18805-18815. [PMID: 29668253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accomplishing acid-stable water oxidation is a critical matter for achieving both long-lasting water-splitting devices and other fuel-forming electro- and photocatalytic processes. Because water oxidation releases protons into the local electrolytic environment, it becomes increasingly acidic during device operation, which leads to corrosion of the photoactive component and hence loss in device performance and lifetime. In this work, we show that thin films of manganese-modified titania, (Ti,Mn)O x, topped with an iridium catalyst, can be used in a coating stabilization scheme for acid-stable water oxidation. We achieved a device lifetime of more than 100 h in pH = 0 acid. We successfully grew (Ti,Mn)O x coatings with uniform elemental distributions over a wide range of manganese compositions using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that (Ti,Mn)O x films grown in this manner give rise to closer-to-valence-band Fermi levels, which can be further tuned with annealing. In contrast to the normally n-type or intrinsic TiO2 coatings, annealed (Ti,Mn)O x films can make direct charge transfer to a Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple dissolved in aqueous electrolytes. Using the Fe(CN)63-/4- redox, we further demonstrated anodic charge transfer through the (Ti,Mn)O x films to high work function metals, such as iridium and gold, which is not previously possible with ALD-grown TiO2. We correlated changes in the crystallinity (amorphous to rutile TiO2) and oxidation state (2+ to 3+) of the annealed (Ti,Mn)O x films to their hole conductivity and electrochemical stability in acid. Finally, by combining (Ti,Mn)O x coatings with iridium, an acid-stable water-oxidation anode, using acid-sensitive conductive fluorine-doped tin oxides, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Siddiqi
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Zhenya Luo
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Yujun Xie
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Zhenhua Pan
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Qianhong Zhu
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Jason A Röhr
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Judy J Cha
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Shu Hu
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
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Balasanthiran C, Jensen S, Spanjers CS, Varapragasam SJP, Rioux RM, Kilin D, Hoefelmeyer JD. Quantitative Attachment of Bimetal Combinations of Transition-Metal Ions to the Surface of TiO 2 Nanorods. Langmuir 2018; 34:5422-5434. [PMID: 29708754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the sequential, quantitative loading of transition-metal ions (Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) onto the surface of rod-shaped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals in bimetallic combinations (6 C2 = 15) to form M,M'-TiO2 nanocrystals. The materials were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible spectroscopy. TEM and XRD data indicate that the sequential adsorption of metal ions occurs with the retention of the phase and morphology of the nanocrystal. Atomistic models of the M,M'-TiO2 nanocrystals were optimized with density functional theory calculations. Calculated UV-visible absorption spectra and partial charge density maps of the donor and acceptor states for the electronic transitions indicate the importance of metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choumini Balasanthiran
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Dakota , 414 E. Clark Street , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
| | - Stephanie Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Dakota , 414 E. Clark Street , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
| | | | - Shelton J P Varapragasam
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Dakota , 414 E. Clark Street , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
| | | | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Dakota , 414 E. Clark Street , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
| | - James D Hoefelmeyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Dakota , 414 E. Clark Street , Vermillion , South Dakota 57069 , United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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