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Yamada A, Fuseya Y. Quantum-classical correspondence and dissipative to dissipationless crossover in magnetotransport phenomena. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:245702. [PMID: 38437730 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2ff0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The three-dimensional magneto-conductivity tensor was derived in a gauge invariant form based on the Kubo formula considering quantum effects under a magnetic field, such as the Landau quantization and quantum oscillations. We analytically demonstrated that the quantum formula of the magneto-conductivity can be obtained by adding a quantum oscillation factor to the classical formula. This result establishes the quantum-classical correspondence, which has long been missing in magnetotransport phenomena. Moreover, we found dissipative-to-dissipationless crossover in the Hall conductivity by paying special attention to the analytic properties of the thermal Green's function. Finally, by calculating the magnetoresistance of semimetals, we identified a phase shift in quantum oscillation originating from the dissipationless transport predominant at high fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Yamada
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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Fukumoto N, Ohshima R, Aoki M, Fuseya Y, Matsushima M, Shigematsu E, Shinjo T, Ando Y, Sakamoto S, Shiga M, Miwa S, Shiraishi M. Observation of large spin conversion anisotropy in bismuth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215030120. [PMID: 36952378 PMCID: PMC10068794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While the effective g-factor can be anisotropic due to the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), its existence in solids cannot be simply asserted from a band structure, which hinders progress on studies from such viewpoints. The effective g-factor in bismuth (Bi) is largely anisotropic; especially for holes at T-point, the effective g-factor perpendicular to the trigonal axis is negligibly small (<0.112), whereas the effective g-factor along the trigonal axis is very large (62.7). We clarified in this work that the large anisotropy of effective g-factor gives rise to the large spin conversion anisotropy in Bi from experimental and theoretical approaches. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance was applied to estimate the spin conversion efficiency in rhombohedral (110) Bi to be 17 to 27%, which is unlike the negligibly small efficiency in Bi(111). Harmonic Hall measurements support the large spin conversion efficiency in Bi(110). A large spin conversion anisotropy as the clear manifestation of the anisotropy of the effective g-factor is observed. Beyond the emblematic case of Bi, our study unveiled the significance of the effective g-factor anisotropy in condensed-matter physics and can pave a pathway toward establishing novel spin physics under g-factor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fukumoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohshima
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Motomi Aoki
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo182-8585, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushima
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Ei Shigematsu
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Teruya Shinjo
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ando
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Shoya Sakamoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba227-8581, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba227-8581, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba227-8581, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiraishi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
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Kawamura S, Fuseya Y. Orbital magnetization of three-dimensional Dirac electrons in the quantum limit. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:225801. [PMID: 36921346 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc4a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the dependence of magnetization of three-dimensional Dirac electrons in the quantum limit on the magnetic field and temperature. The magnetization was calculated by differentiating the free energy with respect to the magnetic field. The field and temperature dependence of the chemical potential were entirely considered under the canonical ensemble condition. The total magnetizationMconsisted of two contributions from the conductionMcand valenceMvbands.Mvwas insensitive to temperature and exhibited sub-linear field dependence, which is consistent with the previous research on Dirac electrons. By contrast,Mcwas sensitive to both temperature and magnetic field, yielding a non-trivial contribution to the totalM. As a result, the properties of totalMchanged at approximatelykBT≃EF, whereEFis the Fermi energy measured from the band bottom andkBis the Boltzmann constant. At low temperatureskBT≲EF,Mexhibited sub-linear field dependence, whereasMexhibited super-linear field dependence at high temperatureskBT≳EF. This qualitative change in the field dependence ofMwill play a significant role in the magnetization of Dirac electrons with smallEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kawamura
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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Awashima Y, Fuseya Y. Negative transverse magnetoresistance due to the negative off-diagonal mass in linear dispersion materials. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:19LT01. [PMID: 36867885 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc15e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study calculated the magnetoresistance (MR) in the Dirac electron system, Dresselhaus-Kip-Kittel (DKK) model, and nodal-line semimetals based on the semiclassical Boltzmann theory, with particular focus on the detailed energy dispersion structure. The negative off-diagonal effective-mass was found to induce negative transverse MR owing to the energy dispersion effect. The impact of the off-diagonal mass was more prominent in case of a linear energy dispersion. Further, Dirac electron systems could realize negative MR even if the Fermi surface was perfectly spherical. The obtained negative MR in the DKK model may explain the long-standing mystery in p-type Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Awashima
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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Chi Z, Lau YC, Xu X, Ohkubo T, Hono K, Hayashi M. The spin Hall effect of Bi-Sb alloys driven by thermally excited Dirac-like electrons. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay2324. [PMID: 32181344 PMCID: PMC7060068 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the charge to spin conversion in Bi1-x Sb x /CoFeB heterostructures. The spin Hall conductivity (SHC) of the sputter-deposited heterostructures exhibits a high plateau at Bi-rich compositions, corresponding to the topological insulator phase, followed by a decrease of SHC for Sb-richer alloys, in agreement with the calculated intrinsic spin Hall effect of Bi1-x Sb x . The SHC increases with increasing Bi1-x Sb x thickness before it saturates, indicating that it is the bulk of the alloy that predominantly contributes to the generation of spin current; the topological surface states, if present, play little role. Unexpectedly, the SHC is found to increase with increasing temperature, following the trend of carrier density. These results suggest that the large SHC at room temperature, with a spin Hall efficiency exceeding 1 and an extremely large spin current mobility, is due to increased number of thermally excited Dirac-like electrons in the L valley of the narrow gap Bi1-x Sb x alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Chi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yong-Chang Lau
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xiandong Xu
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Ohkubo
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hono
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Hayashi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Izaki Y, Fuseya Y. Nonperturbative Matrix Mechanics Approach to Spin-Split Landau Levels and the g Factor in Spin-Orbit Coupled Solids. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:156403. [PMID: 31702292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.156403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a fully quantum approach to nonperturbatively calculate the spin-split Landau levels and g factor of various spin-orbit coupled solids based on the k·p theory in the matrix mechanics representation. The new method considers the detailed band structure and the multiband effect of spin-orbit coupling irrespective of the magnetic-field strength. We show an application of this method to PbTe, a typical Dirac electron system. Contrary to popular belief, we show that the spin-splitting parameter M, which is the ratio of the Zeeman to cyclotron energy, exhibits a remarkable magnetic-field dependence. This field dependence can rectify the existing discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results. We also show that M evaluated from the fan diagram plot is different from that determined as the ratio of the Zeeman to cyclotron energy, which also overturns common belief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Izaki
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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Iwasa A, Kondo A, Kawachi S, Akiba K, Nakanishi Y, Yoshizawa M, Tokunaga M, Kindo K. Thermodynamic evidence of magnetic-field-induced complete valley polarization in bismuth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1672. [PMID: 30737424 PMCID: PMC6368639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the fundamental physical properties in the ultra-quantum limit state of bismuth through measurements of magnetoresistance, magnetization, magnetostriction, and ultrasound attenuation in magnetic fields up to 60T. For magnetic fields applied along the bisectrix direction of a single crystal, a drastic sign reversal in magnetostriction was observed at approximately 39T, which could be ascribed to the complete valley polarization in the electron Fermi pockets. The application of magnetic fields along the binary direction presented an anomalous feature at approximately 50T only in the magnetoresistance. The emergence of a field-induced splitting of a valley was proposed as a possible origin of this anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Iwasa
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kondo
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shiro Kawachi
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuto Akiba
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshizawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Tokunaga
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kindo
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
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