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Bernava G, Iop L. Advances in the design, generation, and application of tissue-engineered myocardial equivalents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1247572. [PMID: 37811368 PMCID: PMC10559975 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1247572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of cardiomyocytes, the disabling irreversible condition of myocardial failure can only be treated with conservative and temporary therapeutic approaches, not able to repair the damage directly, or with organ transplantation. Among the regenerative strategies, intramyocardial cell injection or intravascular cell infusion should attenuate damage to the myocardium and reduce the risk of heart failure. However, these cell delivery-based therapies suffer from significant drawbacks and have a low success rate. Indeed, cardiac tissue engineering efforts are directed to repair, replace, and regenerate native myocardial tissue function. In a regenerative strategy, biomaterials and biomimetic stimuli play a key role in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and neo-tissue formation. Thus, appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues should be combined with scaffolds emulating extracellular matrix in order to support cell growth and prompt favorable cardiac microenvironment and tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments that occurred in the biomimetic design and fabrication of cardiac scaffolds and patches. Furthermore, we sift in vitro and in situ strategies in several preclinical and clinical applications. Finally, we evaluate the possible use of bioengineered cardiac tissue equivalents as in vitro models for disease studies and drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua Medical School, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Bahrami H, Sichetti F, Puppo E, Vettori L, Liu Chung Ming C, Perry S, Gentile C, Pietroni N. Physically-based simulation of elastic-plastic fusion of 3D bioprinted spheroids. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045021. [PMID: 37607551 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acf2cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Spheroids are microtissues containing cells organized in a spherical shape whose diameter is usually less than a millimetre. Depending on the properties of the environment they are placed in, some nearby spheroids spontaneously fuse and generate a tissue. Given their potential to mimic features typical of body parts and their ability to assemble by fusing in permissive hydrogels, they have been used as building blocks to 3D bioprint human tissue parts. Parameters controlling the shape and size of a bioprinted tissue using fusing spheroid cultures include cell composition, hydrogel properties, and their relative initial position. Hence, simulating, anticipating, and then controlling the spheroid fusion process is essential to control the shape and size of the bioprinted tissue. This study presents the first physically-based framework to simulate the fusion process of bioprinted spheroids. The simulation is based on elastic-plastic solid and fluid continuum mechanics models. Both models use the 'smoothed particle hydrodynamics' method, which is based on discretizing the continuous medium into a finite number of particles and solving the differential equations related to the physical properties (e.g. Navier-Stokes equation) using a smoothing kernel function. To further investigate the effects of such parameters on spheroid shape and geometry, we performed sensitivity and morphological analysis to validate our simulations within-vitrospheroids. Through ourin-silicosimulations by changing the aforementioned parameters, we show that the proposed models appropriately simulate the range of the elastic-plastic behaviours ofin-vitrofusing spheroids to generate tissues of desired shapes and sizes. Altogether, this study presented a physically-based simulation that can provide a framework for monitoring and controlling the geometrical shape of spheroids, directly impacting future research using spheroids for tissue bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Bahrami
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Enrico Puppo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Vettori
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Stuart Perry
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nico Pietroni
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
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Shao Z, Li R, Shao D, Tang H, Han Y. Albumin-Based Zn (II)-Quercetin Enzyme Mimic Scavenging ROS for Protection against Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121524. [PMID: 36558975 PMCID: PMC9781925 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that can cause cardiotoxicity leading to progressive, chronic, life-threatening cardiomyopathy, called DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). DIC is a fatal cardiomyopathy with a worse prognosis compared to other cardiomyopathies and limits the use of DOX in malignancies due to its cardiotoxicity. DIC has been proven to be associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced side effect damage in cardiac myocytes. Currently, scavenging of reactive oxygen species is a practical strategy to reduce chemotherapy-associated DIC. Although quercetin has already been reported to have superior antioxidant activity, its clinical application is severely limited due to its rapid degradation and poor tissue absorption. Herein, we reported the preparation of a novel enzyme mimic via coordinated albumin, Zinc Ion (Zn2+) and quercetin. The enzyme mimics were capable of simultaneously increasing the biocompatibility and efficiently overcame the drawbacks of free quercetin, and were achieved by long circulation in vivo. Most importantly, these quercetin-based enzyme mimics had no effect on the antioxidant activity of quercetin. These beneficial therapeutic properties, together with high drug-carrying capacity and redox stimuli, will significantly improve quercetin's alleviation of chemotherapeutic cardiotoxicity without causing significant side effects. Therefore, nanoparticles of albumin-based Zn (II)-Quercetin have a promising clinical application as an effective agent for mitigating the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Shao
- Heart Center of Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ran Li
- Heart Center of Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou 451464, China
| | - Dongxing Shao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou 451464, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Heart Center of Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou 451464, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yu Han
- Heart Center of Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.H.)
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Sharma P, Liu Chung Ming C, Gentile C. In vitro modeling of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury with murine or human 3D cardiac spheroids. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101751. [PMID: 36209428 PMCID: PMC9557725 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of death worldwide, but there are no clinically relevant models to study MI. Here, we describe an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model typical of MI using mouse or human 3D in vitro cardiac spheroids (CSs). First, we demonstrated the culture and maintenance of CSs. Then, we detailed how to expose CSs to pathophysiological oxygen concentrations to induce I/R injury. The protocol can be used in combination with viability, contractility, and mRNA expression level measurements. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sharma et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | | | - Carmine Gentile
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Basara G, Bahcecioglu G, Ozcebe SG, Ellis BW, Ronan G, Zorlutuna P. Myocardial infarction from a tissue engineering and regenerative medicine point of view: A comprehensive review on models and treatments. Biophys Rev (Melville) 2022; 3:031305. [PMID: 36091931 PMCID: PMC9447372 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, myocardial infarction is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for around 18 million deaths every year or almost 32% of all deaths. Due to the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, this rate is expected to increase in the coming years. Although there has been some progress in myocardial infarction treatment, translating pre-clinical findings to the clinic remains a major challenge. One reason for this is the lack of reliable and human representative healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissue models that can be used to understand the fundamentals of ischemic/reperfusion injury caused by myocardial infarction and to test new drugs and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first present an overview of the anatomy of the heart and the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, and then discuss the recent developments on pre-clinical infarct models, focusing mainly on the engineered three-dimensional cardiac ischemic/reperfusion injury and fibrosis models developed using different engineering methods such as organoids, microfluidic devices, and bioprinted constructs. We also present the benefits and limitations of emerging and promising regenerative therapy treatments for myocardial infarction such as cell therapies, extracellular vesicles, and cardiac patches. This review aims to overview recent advances in three-dimensional engineered infarct models and current regenerative therapeutic options, which can be used as a guide for developing new models and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Basara
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S. Gulberk Ozcebe
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - George Ronan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Present address: 143 Multidisciplinary Research Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 574 631 8543. Fax: +1 574 631 8341
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Sharma P, Beck D, Murtha LA, Figtree G, Boyle A, Gentile C. Fibulin-3 Deficiency Protects Against Myocardial Injury Following Ischaemia/ Reperfusion in in vitro Cardiac Spheroids. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:913156. [PMID: 35795376 PMCID: PMC9251181 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.913156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI, or heart attack) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury typical of MI events is also associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in patients. Fibulin-3 is an extracellular matrix component that plays a role in regulating MI response in the heart. In this study, we generated and compared in vitro cardiac spheroids (CSs) from wild type (WT) and fibulin-3 knockout (Fib-3 KO) mice. These were then exposed to pathophysiological changes in oxygen (O2) concentrations to mimic an MI event. We finally measured changes in contractile function, cell death, and mRNA expression levels of cardiovascular disease genes between WT and Fib-3 KO CSs. Our results demonstrated that there are significant differences in growth kinetics and endothelial network formation between WT and Fib-3 KO CSs, however, they respond similarly to changes in O2 concentrations. Fib-3 deficiency resulted in an increase in viability of cells and improvement in contraction frequency and fractional shortening compared to WT I/R CSs. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that Fib-3 deficiency inhibits I/R injury and cardiac fibrosis and promotes angiogenesis in CSs. Altogether, our findings suggest that Fib-3 deficiency makes CSs resistant to I/R injury and associated cardiac fibrosis and helps to improve the vascular network in CSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Murtha
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Gemma Figtree
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Boyle
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Carmine Gentile
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