1
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Ali ES, Yalın AE, Yalın S. Long noncoding RNAs and their possible roles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38575568 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2336210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most important diseases that have a high mortality rate around the world. The management of cancer involves many procedures, which include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy is considered one of the most important problems in clinical oncology. A good understanding of the tumorigenesis process and the mechanisms of developing chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells will help achieve significant advances in cancer treatment protocols. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are no longer just a transcriptional noise, and many investigations proved their possible roles in regulating mandatory cellular functions. A lot of newly published studies confirmed the implication of lncRNAs in the tumor formation process and the multiple drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. The main aim of this review is to focus on the lncRNAs' functions in the cell, their possible roles in the tumor formation process, and their roles in the development of chemotherapy resistance in different cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sayed Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdinç Yalın
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serap Yalın
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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2
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Xu C, Mi Z, Dong Z, Chen X, Ji G, Kang H, Li K, Zhao B, Wang F. Platelet-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Knee Osteoarthritis by Attenuating Cartilage Degeneration and Subchondral Bone Loss. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2975-2985. [PMID: 37551685 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231188122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease among the aged population. However, current treatments for OA are limited to alleviating symptoms, with no therapies that prevent and regenerate cartilage deterioration. PURPOSE To assess the effects of platelet-derived exosomes (Plt-exos) on OA and then to explore the potential molecular mechanism. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Exosomes derived from human apheresis platelets were isolated and identified. The effects of Plt-exos in protecting chondrocytes under interleukin 1β stimulation were evaluated by analyzing the proliferation and migration in human primary chondrocytes. RNA sequencing was later performed in vitro for primary chondrocytes to reveal the underlying mechanisms of Plt-exo treatment. Anterior cruciate ligament transection was used to construct an OA mice model, and intra-articular injection of Plt-exos was given once a week for 6 weeks. Mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after the last injection. Histologic and immunohistochemistry staining and micro-computed tomography analysis were performed to assess alterations of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. RESULTS Plt-exos significantly promoted proliferation and migration of chondrocytes within a dose-dependent manner, as well as dramatically promoted cartilage regeneration and attenuated abnormal tibial subchondral bone remodeling, thus slowing the progression of OA. After being treated with Plt-exos, 1797 genes were differentially expressed in chondrocytes (923 upregulated and 874 downregulated genes). Functional enrichment results and hub genes were mainly involved in anti-inflammatory effects, mediating cell adhesion, stimulating cartilage repair, promoting anabolism, and inhibiting catabolism. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Plt-exos promoted chondrocyte proliferation and migration in vitro, as well as attenuated cartilage degeneration, improved the microarchitecture of subchondral bone, and retarded OA progression in vivo. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study illustrated that the administered Plt-exos could alleviate knee OA by attenuating cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone loss, possibly serving as a novel promising treatment for OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Xu
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyue Mi
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyue Dong
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Ji
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huijun Kang
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kehan Li
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Danckwardt S, Trégouët DA, Castoldi E. Post-transcriptional control of haemostatic genes: mechanisms and emerging therapeutic concepts in thrombo-inflammatory disorders. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1624-1640. [PMID: 36943786 PMCID: PMC10325701 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The haemostatic system is pivotal to maintaining vascular integrity. Multiple components involved in blood coagulation have central functions in inflammation and immunity. A derailed haemostasis is common in prevalent pathologies such as sepsis, cardiovascular disorders, and lately, COVID-19. Physiological mechanisms limit the deleterious consequences of a hyperactivated haemostatic system through adaptive changes in gene expression. While this is mainly regulated at the level of transcription, co- and posttranscriptional mechanisms are increasingly perceived as central hubs governing multiple facets of the haemostatic system. This layer of regulation modulates the biogenesis of haemostatic components, for example in situations of increased turnover and demand. However, they can also be 'hijacked' in disease processes, thereby perpetuating and even causally entertaining associated pathologies. This review summarizes examples and emerging concepts that illustrate the importance of posttranscriptional mechanisms in haemostatic control and crosstalk with the immune system. It also discusses how such regulatory principles can be used to usher in new therapeutic concepts to combat global medical threats such as sepsis or cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Danckwardt
- Centre for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Centre
Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK),
Berlin, Germany
- Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation, University Medical Centre
Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University
Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131
Mainz, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging (CHA), Mainz,
Germany
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Department of
Molecular Epidemiology of Vascular and Brain Disorders (ELEANOR), University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabetta Castoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht
(CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel 50, 6229
ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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4
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Cimmino G, Conte S, Palumbo D, Sperlongano S, Torella M, Della Corte A, Golino P. The Novel Role of Noncoding RNAs in Modulating Platelet Function: Implications in Activation and Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087650. [PMID: 37108819 PMCID: PMC10144470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently believed that plaque complication, with the consequent superimposed thrombosis, is a key factor in the clinical occurrence of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Platelets are major players in this process. Despite the considerable progress made by the new antithrombotic strategies (P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, new oral anticoagulants, thrombin direct inhibitors, etc.) in terms of a reduction in major cardiovascular events, a significant number of patients with previous ACSs treated with these drugs continue to experience events, indicating that the mechanisms of platelet remain largely unknown. In the last decade, our knowledge of platelet pathophysiology has improved. It has been reported that, in response to physiological and pathological stimuli, platelet activation is accompanied by de novo protein synthesis, through a rapid and particularly well-regulated translation of resident mRNAs of megakaryocytic derivation. Although the platelets are anucleate, they indeed contain an important fraction of mRNAs that can be quickly used for protein synthesis following their activation. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of platelet activation and the interaction with the main cellular components of the vascular wall will open up new perspectives in the treatment of the majority of thrombotic disorders, such as ACSs, stroke, and peripheral artery diseases before and after the acute event. In the present review, we will discuss the novel role of noncoding RNAs in modulating platelet function, highlighting the possible implications in activation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Lung Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palumbo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Zhang Q, Song X, Song X. Contents in tumor-educated platelets as the novel biosource for cancer diagnostics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165600. [PMID: 37139159 PMCID: PMC10151018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, a powerful non-invasive test, has been widely used in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Platelets, the second most abundant cells in peripheral blood, are becoming one of the richest sources of liquid biopsy with the capacity to systematically and locally respond to the presence of cancer and absorb and store circulating proteins and different types of nucleic acids, thus called "tumor-educated platelets (TEPs)". The contents of TEPs are significantly and specifically altered, empowering them with the potential as cancer biomarkers. The current review focuses on the alternation of TEP content, including coding and non-coding RNA and proteins, and their role in cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Xingguo Song,
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6
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Xiang Y, Xiang P, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang J. A narrative review for platelets and their RNAs in cancers: New concepts and clinical perspectives. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32539. [PMID: 36596034 PMCID: PMC9803462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing body of evidence suggesting that platelets are involved in several stages of the metastatic process via direct or indirect interactions with cancer cells, contributing to the progression of neoplastic malignancies. Cancer cells can dynamically exchange components with platelets in and out of blood vessels, and directly phagocytose platelets to hijack their proteome, transcriptome, and secretome, or be remotely regulated by metabolites or microparticles released by platelets, resulting in phenotypic, genetic, and functional modifications. Moreover, platelet interactions with stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment lead to alterations in their components, including the ribonucleic acid (RNA) profile, and complicate the impact of platelets on cancers. A deeper understanding of the roles of platelets and their RNAs in cancer will contribute to the development of anticancer strategies and the optimization of clinical management. Encouragingly, advances in high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics data analysis, and machine learning have allowed scientists to explore the potential of platelet RNAs for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and guiding treatment. However, the clinical application of this technique remains controversial and requires larger, multicenter studies with standardized protocols. Here, we integrate the latest evidence to provide a broader insight into the role of platelets in cancer progression and management, and propose standardized recommendations for the clinical utility of platelet RNAs to facilitate translation and benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pinpin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiping Community Health Service Center of Longquanyi District Chengdu City, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuyun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- * Correspondence: Juan Zhang, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# West Second Section, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610072, China (e-mail: )
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7
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Sun Y, Liu R, Xia X, Xing L, Jiang J, Bian W, Zhang W, Wang C, Zhang C. Large-Scale Profiling on lncRNAs in Human Platelets: Correlation with Platelet Reactivity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142256. [PMID: 35883699 PMCID: PMC9319970 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been key regulators for both mRNAs and proteins in nucleated cells. However, the expression profiles of lncRNAs in non-nucleated cells such as platelets are currently unclear. In this study, we determined the expression profiles of lncRNAs in human platelets. We found that 6109 lncRNAs were expressed in human platelets. Interestingly, 338 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in hyperreactive and hyporeactive platelets. Bioinformatics’ analysis revealed that these aberrantly expressed lncRNAs might be related to platelet activity and other platelet functions. To provide a proof of concept, we measured the expression levels of PARLncRNA-1, a down-regulated lncRNA of hyperreactive platelets, in platelets from 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction and their controls. We found that the lncRNA was also significantly down-regulated in platelets from patients, which was partially reversed by treatment with aspirin a known antiplatelet drug. LncRNAs may represent a novel class of modulators for platelet functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeying Sun
- US-China Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (L.X.); (J.J.); (W.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Rongrong Liu
- US-China Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (L.X.); (J.J.); (W.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Xiangwen Xia
- US-China Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (L.X.); (J.J.); (W.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Luchuan Xing
- US-China Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (L.X.); (J.J.); (W.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Jing Jiang
- US-China Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (L.X.); (J.J.); (W.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Weihua Bian
- US-China Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (L.X.); (J.J.); (W.B.); (C.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Wendy Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Chunhua Wang
- US-China Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (L.X.); (J.J.); (W.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-001-830-3162828
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8
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Abstract
Platelets are essential mediators of physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. Currently available tests and markers of platelet activation did not prove successful in guiding treatment decisions for patients with cardiovascular disease, justifying further research into novel markers of platelet reactivity. Platelets contain a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs) and are a major contributor to the extracellular circulating miRNA pool. Levels of platelet-derived miRNAs in the circulation have been associated with different measures of platelet activation as well as antiplatelet therapy and have therefore been implied as potential new markers of platelet reactivity. In contrast to the ex vivo assessment of platelet reactivity by current platelet function tests, miRNA measurements may enable assessment of platelet reactivity in vivo. It remains to be seen however, whether miRNAs may aid clinical diagnostics. Major limitations in the platelet miRNA research field remain the susceptibility to preanalytical variation, non-standardized sample preparation and data normalization that hampers inter-study comparisons. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of platelet activation, highlighting the underlying biology, the application in patients with cardiovascular disease and antiplatelet therapy and elaborating on technical limitations regarding their quantification in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
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Gutmann C, Khamina K, Theofilatos K, Diendorfer AB, Burnap SA, Nabeebaccus A, Fish M, McPhail MJW, O'Gallagher K, Schmidt LE, Cassel C, Auzinger G, Napoli S, Mujib SF, Trovato F, Sanderson B, Merrick B, Roy R, Edgeworth JD, Shah AM, Hayday AC, Traby L, Hackl M, Eichinger S, Shankar-Hari M, Mayr M. Association of cardiometabolic microRNAs with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:461-474. [PMID: 34755842 PMCID: PMC8689968 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to multiorgan damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in blood reflect cell activation and tissue injury. We aimed to determine the association of circulating miRNAs with COVID-19 severity and 28 day intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed RNA-Seq in plasma of healthy controls (n = 11), non-severe (n = 18), and severe (n = 18) COVID-19 patients and selected 14 miRNAs according to cell- and tissue origin for measurement by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a separate cohort of mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 39), and severe (n = 16) patients. Candidates were then measured by RT-qPCR in longitudinal samples of ICU COVID-19 patients (n = 240 samples from n = 65 patients). A total of 60 miRNAs, including platelet-, endothelial-, hepatocyte-, and cardiomyocyte-derived miRNAs, were differentially expressed depending on severity, with increased miR-133a and reduced miR-122 also being associated with 28 day mortality. We leveraged mass spectrometry-based proteomics data for corresponding protein trajectories. Myocyte-derived (myomiR) miR-133a was inversely associated with neutrophil counts and positively with proteins related to neutrophil degranulation, such as myeloperoxidase. In contrast, levels of hepatocyte-derived miR-122 correlated to liver parameters and to liver-derived positive (inverse association) and negative acute phase proteins (positive association). Finally, we compared miRNAs to established markers of COVID-19 severity and outcome, i.e. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, age, BMI, D-dimer, and troponin. Whilst RNAemia, age and troponin were better predictors of mortality, miR-133a and miR-122 showed superior classification performance for severity. In binary and triplet combinations, miRNAs improved classification performance of established markers for severity and mortality. CONCLUSION Circulating miRNAs of different tissue origin, including several known cardiometabolic biomarkers, rise with COVID-19 severity. MyomiR miR-133a and liver-derived miR-122 also relate to 28 day mortality. MiR-133a reflects inflammation-induced myocyte damage, whilst miR-122 reflects the hepatic acute phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | | | - Sean A Burnap
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Adam Nabeebaccus
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Matthew Fish
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Newcomen Street, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kevin O'Gallagher
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Lukas E Schmidt
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Christian Cassel
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Georg Auzinger
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Department of Liver Intensive Care & Critical Care, King's College Hospital London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic London, 33 Grosvenor Place, London SW1X 7HY, UK
| | - Salvatore Napoli
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Newcomen Street, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Salma F Mujib
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Francesca Trovato
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Newcomen Street, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Barnaby Sanderson
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Blair Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust & King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Roman Roy
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Jonathan D Edgeworth
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust & King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ludwig Traby
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Eichinger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Centre of Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Schrottmaier WC, Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Kral-Pointner JB, Assinger A. PI3K Isoform Signalling in Platelets. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:255-285. [PMID: 36243848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are unique anucleated blood cells that constantly patrol the vasculature to seal and prevent injuries in a process termed haemostasis. Thereby they rapidly adhere to the subendothelial matrix and recruit further platelets, resulting in platelet aggregates. Apart from their central role in haemostasis, they also kept some of their features inherited by their evolutionary ancestor-the haemocyte, which was also involved in immune defences. Together with leukocytes, platelets fight pathogenic invaders and guide many immune processes. In addition, they rely on several signalling pathways which are also relevant to immune cells. Among these, one of the central signalling hubs is the PI3K pathway. Signalling processes in platelets are unique as they lack a nucleus and therefore transcriptional regulation is absent. As a result, PI3K subclasses fulfil distinct roles in platelets compared to other cells. In contrast to leukocytes, the central PI3K subclass in platelet signalling is PI3K class Iβ, which underlines the uniqueness of this cell type and opens new ways for potential platelet-specific pharmacologic inhibition. An overview of platelet function and signalling with emphasis on PI3K subclasses and their respective inhibitors is given in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Wang Y, Wu J, Li Y, Yang J, Wang L, Wu A, Huang F, Jiang N, Tang C, Li Y, Tiwari VK. A Rapid and Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of 2, 3, 8-Trimethylellagic, a Potent Active Compound from Sanguisorba officinalis L., and Its Application in the Pharmacokinetic Study within Thrombocytopenia Rats. J CHEM-NY 2021; 2021:1-13. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/3309434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the pharmacokinetics of 2, 3, 8-trimethylellagic (TMEA) in rats in vivo and determine the possible effects of the pathological conditions and compatibility, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for quantitative determination was developed. TMEA and Artemetin (internal standard, IS) were separated on an Acquity Shim-pack GIST column with a total running time of 7 min using gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations were <9.50%, and the relative error of accuracy was between −5.70% and 2.96%. The calibration curve of TMEA demonstrated good linearity with r2 = 0.9996, with the average recovery changing from 94.77% to 102.47% and the matrix effect from 93.16% to 100.15%. Compared with the normal group, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last time of quantifiable concentration (AUC(0 − t)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinite time (AUC(0 − ∞)), and the maximum concentration (Cmax) of TMEA increased, whereas the time of maximum concentration (Tmax) and apparent clearance (CL/F) remarkably decreased in the TMEA group. With significantly reduced CL/F, AUC(0 − t), AUC(0 − ∞), and Cmax for TMEA were increased approximately one time after combining with 3, 7-Di-O-methylducheside A (DOMA). AUC(0 − t) and Cmax for TMEA in the 2, 3, 8-trimethylellagic-3, 8-dimethoxyellagic acid-2-oxyglucoside (TMEA-DMAG) group were significantly lower than that in the TMEA group with clearly prolonged Tmax and increased CL/F. These findings indicate that the changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of TMEA may be caused by pathological and combination conditions.
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12
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Wang T, Meng S, Chen P, Wei L, Liu C, Tang D, Liu D, Jiang Z, Hong X. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed mRNA and circRNA in Ankylosing spondylitis patients' platelets. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112895. [PMID: 34717918 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease significantly decreasing the quality of life. Platelets play an important and active role in the development of AS. Accumulating evidence demonstrated platelets contain diverse RNA repository inherited from megakaryocytes or microvesicles. Platelet RNAs are dynamically affected by pathological conditions and could be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. However, the role of the platelet RNAs in AS is elusive. In this study, we compared mRNA and circRNA profiles in platelets between AS patients and healthy controls using RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, and found 4996 mRNAs and 2942 circRNAs were differently expressed. The significantly over-expressed mRNAs in AS patients are involved in platelet activity, gap junction, focal adhesion, rap1 and toll and Imd signaling pathway. The previous identified platelet-derived immune mediators such as P2Y1, P2Y12, PF4, GPIbα, CD40L, ICAM2, CCL5 (RANTES), TGF-β (TGF-β1 and TGF-β2) and PDGF (PDGFB and PDGFA) are also included in these over expressed mRNAs, implying these factors may trigger inflammatory cascades and promote the development of AS. Additionally, we found two down-regulated circRNA (circPTPN22 and circFCHSD2) from the intersection analyses of platelets and spinal ligament tissues of AS patients. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of these two circRNAs was constructed, and the target mRNAs were enriched in Th17 cell differentiation, inflammatory bowel disease, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT and Wnt signaling pathway, all these pathways participate in the bone remodeling and pro/anti-inflammatory immune regulation in AS. Then, qRT-PCR was performed to validate the expression of selected key mRNAs and circRNAs and the results demonstrated that the expression levels of P2Y12, GPIbα, circPTPN22 and circFCHSD2 were consistent with the sequencing analysis. In addition, the high expression of five predicted miRNAs interacting with circPTPN22 and circFCHSD2 were also detected in AS by qRT-PCR. Taken together, our study presents a comprehensive overview of mRNAs and circRNAs in platelets in AS patients and offers new insight into the mechanisms of platelet involving in the pathogenesis of AS. The mRNAs and circRNAs identified in this study may serve as candidates for diagnosis and targeted treatment of AS.
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D’Ambrosi S, Visser A, Antunes-Ferreira M, Poutsma A, Giannoukakos S, Sol N, Sabrkhany S, Bahce I, Kuijpers MJE, Oude Egbrink MGA, Griffioen AW, Best MG, Koppers-Lalic D, Oudejans C, Würdinger T. The Analysis of Platelet-Derived circRNA Repertoire as Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4644. [PMID: 34572871 PMCID: PMC8468408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-educated Platelets (TEPs) have emerged as rich biosources of cancer-related RNA profiles in liquid biopsies applicable for cancer detection. Although human blood platelets have been found to be enriched in circular RNA (circRNA), no studies have investigated the potential of circRNA as platelet-derived biomarkers for cancer. In this proof-of-concept study, we examine whether the circRNA signature of blood platelets can be used as a liquid biopsy biomarker for the detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the total RNA, extracted from the platelet samples collected from NSCLC patients and asymptomatic individuals, using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Identification and quantification of known and novel circRNAs were performed using the accurate CircRNA finder suite (ACFS), followed by the differential transcript expression analysis using a modified version of our thromboSeq software. Out of 4732 detected circRNAs, we identified 411 circRNAs that are significantly (p-value < 0.05) differentially expressed between asymptomatic individuals and NSCLC patients. Using the false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05 as cutoff, we selected the nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) circRNA (circNRIP1) as a potential biomarker candidate for further validation by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This analysis was performed on an independent cohort of platelet samples. The RT-qPCR results confirmed the RNA-Seq data analysis, with significant downregulation of circNRIP1 in platelets derived from NSCLC patients. Our findings suggest that circRNAs found in blood platelets may hold diagnostic biomarkers potential for the detection of NSCLC using liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D’Ambrosi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (M.G.B.); (D.K.-L.)
| | - Allerdien Visser
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.); (A.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Mafalda Antunes-Ferreira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (M.G.B.); (D.K.-L.)
| | - Ankie Poutsma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.); (A.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Stavros Giannoukakos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, PTS, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Nik Sol
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siamack Sabrkhany
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (M.G.A.O.E.)
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Mirjam G. A. Oude Egbrink
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (M.G.A.O.E.)
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Myron G. Best
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (M.G.B.); (D.K.-L.)
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Danijela Koppers-Lalic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (M.G.B.); (D.K.-L.)
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Cees Oudejans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.); (A.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Thomas Würdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (M.A.-F.); (M.G.B.); (D.K.-L.)
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Mussbacher M, Pirabe A, Brunnthaler L, Schrottmaier WC, Assinger A. Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets - Evidence and Implications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678362. [PMID: 34149456 PMCID: PMC8209332 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anita Pirabe
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alice Assinger
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The importance of platelets for cardiovascular disease was established as early as the 19th century. Their therapeutic inhibition stands alongside the biggest achievements in medicine. Still, certain aspects of platelet pathophysiology remain unclear. This includes platelet resistance to antiplatelet therapy and the contribution of platelets to vascular remodelling and extends beyond cardiovascular disease to haematological disorders and cancer. To address these gaps in our knowledge, a better understanding of the underlying molecular processes is needed. This will be enabled by technologies that capture dysregulated molecular processes and can integrate them into a broader network of biological systems. The advent of -omics technologies, such as mass spectrometry proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics; highly multiplexed affinity-based proteomics; microarray- or RNA-sequencing-(RNA-seq)-based transcriptomics, and most recently ribosome footprint-based translatomics, has enabled a more holistic understanding of platelet biology. Most of these methods have already been applied to platelets, and this review will summarise this information and discuss future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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