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Bhatt N, Brier-Jones J, Trosan D, Brinkley C, Pecoraro J, Smallwood J, Crofton A, Hudson S, Kirsch W, Stapelmann K, Shannon S. Depyrogenation using Plasmas: A Novel Approach for Endotoxin Deactivation Using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure. Plasma Process Polym 2021; 18:2100089. [PMID: 34899113 PMCID: PMC8654132 DOI: 10.1002/ppap.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing a low-cost depyrogenation process is vital in extending medical applicability of polymers that can be used in medicine. We present an overview of the plasma-based depyrogenation literature and address the need to develop a non-thermal plasma-based depyrogenation process for delicate materials such as chitosan. We present a low-cost plasma apparatus to treat chitosan powder in hermetically sealed bags. We decouple the experiments into two; depyrogenation experiments for dried standard endotoxin on glass slides, and chitosan modifications analysis through FTIR spectroscopy. We demonstrate depyrogenation efficacy with up to a 4-log reduction in endotoxin levels and discuss minor changes observed in plasma-treated chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman Bhatt
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Duncan Trosan
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cade Brinkley
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua Pecoraro
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jann Smallwood
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training, and Education, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA
| | - Andrew Crofton
- Karamedica, Inc., North Carolina, USA
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel Hudson
- Karamedica, Inc., North Carolina, USA
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wolff Kirsch
- Karamedica, Inc., North Carolina, USA
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training, and Education, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA
| | - Katharina Stapelmann
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Shannon
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
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Pacheco M, Barros AA, Aroso IM, Autorino R, Lima E, Silva JM, Reis RL. Use of hemostatic agents for surgical bleeding in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: Biomaterials perspective. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3099-3123. [PMID: 32458570 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there was an abrupt increase in the incidence of renal tumors, which prompt up the appearance of cutting-edge technology, including minimally invasive and organ-preserving approaches, such as laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). LPN is an innovative technique used to treat small renal masses that have been gaining popularity in the last few decades due to its promissory results. However, the bleeding control remains the main challenge since the majority of currently available hemostatic agents (HAs) used in other surgical specialities are inefficient in LPN. This hurried the search for effective HAs adapted for LPN surgical peculiarities, which resulted on the emergence of different types of topical HAs. The most promising are the natural origin HAs because of their inherent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and lowest toxicity. These properties turn them top interests' candidates as HAs in LPN. In this review, we present a deep overview on the progress achieved in the design of HAs based on natural origin polymers, highlighting their distinguishable characteristics and providing a clear understanding of their hemostat's role in LPN. This way it may be possible to establish a structure-composition properties relation, so that novel HAs for LPN can be designed to explore current unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Pacheco
- 3B's Research Group-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandre A Barros
- 3B's Research Group-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ivo M Aroso
- 3B's Research Group-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Estêvão Lima
- School of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Surgical Sciences Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- 3B's Research Group-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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