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Ballash GA, Mathys DA, Feicht SM, Mollenkopf DF, Albers AL, Adams RJ, Wittum TE. Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacterales Recovered from the Environment of Two Zoological Institutions Include Enterobacter cloacae Complex ST171 Producing KPC-4 Carbapenemase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0025723. [PMID: 37067417 PMCID: PMC10231243 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00257-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental surfaces can serve as reservoirs for pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in healthcare settings. Although active surveillance programs are used in veterinary and human healthcare, unconventional settings like zoological facilities are often overlooked, even though antimicrobials are used to maintain the health of their animal collections. Here, we used electrostatic cloths to conduct active environmental surveillance over a 2-year period at two zoological institutions to determine contamination prevalence of human-only and mixed animal-human touch environments with AMR bacteria. We recovered Enterobacterales isolates that expressed quinolone resistance, an AmpC-like phenotype, and an extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype from 144 (39%), 141 (38.2%), and 72 (19.5%) of the environmental samples, respectively. The zoological institutions, areas and exhibits within the zoological facility, and sampling surface type affected the odds of recovering AMR bacteria from the environment. Three carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex ST171 isolates recovered from one zoological facility harbored an IncH12 plasmid with a Tn4401b-KPC-4 transposon conferring multidrug resistance. One isolate maintained three tandem repeats of a Tn4401b-KPC-4 element on an IncHI2 plasmid, although this isolate was susceptible to the four carbapenem drugs tested. These three isolates and their IncH12 plasmids shared significant genomic similarity with two E. cloacae complex isolates recovered from canine patients at a regional veterinary hospital during year 2 of this study. Our results indicated that surface environments at zoological institutions can serve as reservoirs for AMR bacteria and their genes and have implications for animal and public health. IMPORTANCE Environmental surfaces can be a source of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria that pose a risk to human and animal health. Zoological institutions are unique environments where exotic animals, staff, and visitors intermingle and antimicrobials are used to maintain animal health. However, zoological environments are often overlooked as reservoirs of AMR bacteria. Here, we show that zoological environments can serve as reservoirs of fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. In addition, we isolated three carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex strains carrying blaKPC-4, including one with a unique, tandem triplicate of the Tn4401b-KPC-4 element. Comparative whole genomics of these isolates with two E. cloacae complex isolates from patients at a regional veterinary hospital highlighted the possibility of local KPC-4 spread between animal environments. Our results suggest that environments at zoological institutions serve as reservoirs for AMR bacteria and pose a hypothetical One Health risk to the public, staff, and the wild animal populations in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Ballash
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dimi A. Mathys
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sydnee M. Feicht
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dixie F. Mollenkopf
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy L. Albers
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachael J. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Bonardi S, Cabassi CS, Fiaccadori E, Cavirani S, Parisi A, Bacci C, Lamperti L, Rega M, Conter M, Marra F, Crippa C, Gambi L, Spadini C, Iannarelli M, Paladini C, Filippin N, Pasquali F. Detection of carbapenemase- and ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from bovine bulk milk and comparison with clinical human isolates in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110049. [PMID: 36521239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common Klebsiella species infecting animals and is one of the causing agents of mastitis in cows. The rise of antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae, particularly in strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and/or carbapenemases, is of concern worldwide. Recently (Regulation UE No 2022/1255), carbapenems and cephalosporins in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors have been reserved only to human treatments in the European Union. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cattle as carrier of human pathogenic carbapenem-resistant (CR) and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. On this purpose, a study involving 150 dairy farms in Parma province (Northern Italy) and 14 non replicate K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted at Parma University-Hospital was planned. Four multidrug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae strains were detected from 258 milk filters collected between 2019 and 2021. One carbapenemase KPC-3-positive K. pneumoniae ST307 (0.4 %; 95 % CI - 0.07 - 2.2) was detected in milk filters. The isolate also harboured OXA-9, CTX-M-15 and SHV-106 determinants, together with genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(3')-IIa, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id), fluoroquinolones (oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1), phosphonic acids (fosA6), sulphonamides (sul2), tetracyclines (tet(A)6) and trimethoprim (dfrA14). One KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 was identified also among the human isolates, thus suggesting a possible circulation of pathogens out of the clinical settings. The remaining three bovine isolates were MDR ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae characterized by different genomic profiles: CTX-M-15, TEM-1B and SHV-187 genes (ST513); CTX-M-15 and SHV-145 (ST307); SHV-187 and DHA-1 (ST307). Occurrence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in milk filters was 1.2 % (95 % CI 0.4-3.4). All the isolates showed resistance to aminoglycosides, 3rd-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. Among the human isolates, two multidrug resistant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 were found, thus confirming the circulation of this high-risk lineage between humans and cattle. Our findings suggest that food-producing animals can carry human pathogenic microorganisms harboring resistance genes against carbapenems and 3rd-generation cephalosporins, even if not treated with such antimicrobials. Moreover, on the MDR K. pneumoniae farms, the antimicrobial use was much higher than the Italian median value, thus highlighting the importance of a more prudent use of antibiotics in animal productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - C S Cabassi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - E Fiaccadori
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University-Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University, Via Gramsci 24, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - S Cavirani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Chiancolla, 1, 70017 Putignano, BA, Italy
| | - C Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - L Lamperti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M Rega
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M Conter
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - F Marra
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - C Crippa
- Food Safety Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via del Florio, 2, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - L Gambi
- Food Safety Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via del Florio, 2, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - C Spadini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M Iannarelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - C Paladini
- National Veterinary Service, Via Vasari 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - N Filippin
- National Veterinary Service, Via Vasari 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - F Pasquali
- Food Safety Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via del Florio, 2, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Too RJ, Gitao GC, Bebora LC, Mollenkopf DF, Kariuki SM, Wittum TE. Frequency and diversity of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales recovered from untreated wastewater impacted by selective media containing cefotaxime and meropenem in Ohio, USA. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281909. [PMID: 36812188 PMCID: PMC9946209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As safe agents of last resort, carbapenems are reserved for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. The impact of β-lactam antibiotics, cefotaxime, and meropenem on the frequency and diversity of carbapenemase-producing organisms recovered from environmental samples has not been fully established. Therefore, this methodological study aimed at determining β-lactam drugs used in selective enrichment and their impact on the recovery of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) from untreated wastewater. We used a longitudinal study design where 1L wastewater samples were collected weekly from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and quarterly from contributing sanitary sewers in Columbus, Ohio USA with 52 total samples collected. Aliquots of 500 mL were passed through membrane filters of decreasing pore sizes to enable all the water to pass through and capture bacteria. For each sample, the resulting filters were placed into two modified MacConkey (MAC) broths, one supplemented with 0.5 μg/mL of meropenem and 70 μg/mL of ZnSO4 and the other supplemented with 2 μg/mL cefotaxime. The inoculated broth was then incubated at 37° C overnight, after which they were streaked onto two types of correspondingly-modified MAC agar plates supplemented with 0.5 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL of meropenem and 70 μg/mL of ZnSO4 and incubated at 37°C overnight. The isolates were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Then, up to four distinct colonies of each isolate's pure culture per sample were tested for carbapenemase production using the Carba-NP test. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) MALDI-TOF MS was used to identify carbapenemase-producing organisms. In total 391 Carba-NP positive isolates were recovered from the 52 wastewater samples: 305 (78%) isolates had blaKPC, 73 (19%) carried blaNDM, and 14 (4%) harbored both blaKPC and blaNDM resistance genes. CPE genes of both blaKPC and blaNDM were recovered in both types of modified MAC broths, with 84 (21%) having a blaKPC gene, 22 (6%) carrying blaNDM and 9 (2%) harbored both a blaKPC and blaNDM of isolates recovered from MAC medium incorporated with 0.5ug/mL meropenem and 70ug/mL ZnSO4. The most prevalent isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rael J. Too
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI-Kenya), Nairobi, Kenya
- The University of Nairobi (UoN-Kenya), Nairobi, Kenya
- The Ohio State University (OSU-OH, USA), Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Dixie F. Mollenkopf
- The Ohio State University (OSU-OH, USA), Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas E. Wittum
- The Ohio State University (OSU-OH, USA), Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Zara ES, Vital PG. Phylogroup typing and carbapenem resistance of Escherichia coli from agricultural samples in Metro Manila, Philippines. J Environ Sci Health B 2022; 57:644-656. [PMID: 35852239 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2096988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary production environment is considered as reservoir of Escherichia coli contamination of produce. E. coli is classified into eight phylogroups which differ in ecological niches, evolutionary history, and phenotypic properties. To understand the population genetic structure and composition of E. coli in primary production environments in Metro Manila, Philippines, a total of 80 E. coli recovered from irrigation water, soil, vegetables, and feces of cat, carabao, chicken, dog, and goat were allocated into distinct phylogroups based on the presence and absence of genetic markers. Results showed that the most prevalent phylogroup was B1 (71.3%), followed by A (18.6%), D (6.3%), B2 (1.3%), E (1.3%), and an unknown phylogroup (1.3%). The most prevalent genetic marker was arpA, followed by TspE4.C2, yjaA, and chuA. The carbapenem resistance of 24 E. coli isolates representing different phylogroups was also evaluated. Intriguingly, all isolates exhibited uniform susceptibility. This is the first report to provide insights into the phylogroup structure and composition, as well as carbapenem resistance of E. coli from primary production in the Philippines, which highlights possible source of and solution for gastrointestinal and enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico S Zara
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pierangeli G Vital
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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Stuever DM, Ferketich AK, Lee J, Stevenson KB, Wittum TE. Case-case-control study of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections among hospitalized patients. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol 2022; 2:e118. [PMID: 36483348 PMCID: PMC9726559 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2022.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify important risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections among hospitalized patients. DESIGN We utilized a case-case-control design that compared patients with CRE infections to patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE) infections and randomly selected controls during the period from January 2011 through December 2016. SETTING The study population was selected from patients at a large metropolitan tertiary-care and instructional medical center. PATIENTS Cases of CRE were defined as initial admission of adults diagnosed with a bacterial infection of an Enterobacterales species resistant clinically or through sensitivity testing to carbapenems 48 hours or more after admission. Cases of CSE were selected from the same patient population as the CRE cases within a 30-day window for admission, with diagnostic pathogens identified as susceptible to carbapenems. Controls were defined as adult patients admitted to any service within a 30-day window from a CRE case for >48 hours who did not meet either of the above case definitions during that admission. RESULTS Antibiotic exposure within 90 days prior to admission and length of hospital stay were both associated with increased odds of CRE and CSE infections compared to controls. Patients with CRE infections had >18 times greater odds of prior antibiotic exposure compared to patients with CSE infections. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposure and increased length of hospital stay may result in increased patient risk of developing an infection resistant to carbapenems and other β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Stuever
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy K. Ferketich
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kurt B. Stevenson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Ballash GA, Dennis PM, Mollenkopf DF, Albers AL, Robison TL, Adams RJ, Li C, Tyson GH, Wittum TE. Colonization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Urban and Suburban Environments with Cephalosporinase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0046522. [PMID: 35736227 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00465-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife play a role in the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This is especially true at the human-domestic animal-wildlife interface, like urbanized areas, where interactions occur that can promote the cross-over of AMR bacteria and genes. We conducted a 2-year fecal surveillance (n = 783) of a white-tailed deer (WTD) herd from an urban park system in Ohio to identify and characterize cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenemase-producing bacteria using selective enrichment. Using generalized linear mixed models we found that older (OR = 2.3, P < 0.001), male (OR = 1.8, P = 0.001) deer from urbanized habitats (OR = 1.4, P = 0.001) were more likely to harbor extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales. In addition, we isolated two carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), a Klebsiella quasipneumoniae harboring blaKPC-2 and an Escherichia coli harboring blaNDM-5, from two deer from urban habitats. The genetic landscape of the plasmid carrying blaKPC-2 was unique, not clustering with other reported plasmids encoding KPC-2, and only sharing 78% of its sequence with its nearest match. While the plasmid carrying blaNDM-5 shared sequence similarity with other reported plasmids encoding NDM-5, the intact IS26 mobile genetic elements surrounding multiple drug resistant regions, including the blaNDM-5, has been reported infrequently. Both carbapenemase genes were successfully conjugated to a J53 recipient conferring a carbapenem-resistant phenotype. Our findings highlight that urban environments play a significant role on the transmission of AMR bacteria and genes to wildlife and suggest WTD may play a role in the dissemination of clinically and epidemiologically relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria. IMPORTANCE The role of wildlife in the spread of antimicrobial resistance is not fully characterized. Some wildlife, including white-tailed deer (WTD), can thrive in suburban and urban environments. This may result in the exchange of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and resistance genes between humans and wildlife, and lead to their spread in the environment. We found that WTD living in an urban park system carried antimicrobial resistant bacteria that were important to human health and resistant to antibiotics used to treat serious bacterial infections. This included two deer that carried bacteria resistant to carbapenem antibiotics which are critically important for treatment of life-threatening infections. These two bacteria had the ability to transfer their AMR resistance genes to other bacteria, making them a threat to public health. Our results suggest that WTD may contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the environment.
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Dierikx C, Börjesson S, Perrin-Guyomard A, Haenni M, Norström M, Divon HH, Ilag HK, Granier SA, Hammerum A, Kjeldgaard JS, Pauly N, Randall L, Anjum MF, Smialowska A, Franco A, Veldman K, Slettemeås JS. A European multicenter evaluation study to investigate the performance on commercially available selective agar plates for the detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 193:106418. [PMID: 35041877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) advised to prioritize monitoring carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in food producing animals. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of different commercially available selective agars for the detection of CPE using spiked pig caecal and turkey meat samples and the proposed EFSA cultivation protocol. Eleven laboratories from nine countries received eight samples (four caecal and four meat samples). For each matrix, three samples contained approximately 100 CFU/g CPE, and one sample lacked CPE. After overnight enrichment in buffered peptone water, broths were spread upon Brilliance™ CRE Agar (1), CHROMID® CARBA (2), CHROMagar™ mSuperCARBA™ (3), Chromatic™ CRE (4), CHROMID® OXA-48 (5) and Chromatic™ OXA-48 (6). From plates with suspected growth, one to three colonies were selected for species identification, confirmation of carbapenem resistance and detection of carbapenemase encoding genes, by methods available at participating laboratories. Of the eleven participating laboratories, seven reported species identification, susceptibility tests and genotyping on isolates from all selective agar plates. Agars 2, 4 and 5 performed best, with 100% sensitivity. For agar 3, a sensitivity of 96% was recorded, while agar 1 and 6 performed with 75% and 43% sensitivity, respectively. More background flora was noticed for turkey meat samples than pig caecal samples. Based on this limited set of samples, most commercially available agars performed adequately. The results indicate, however, that OXA-48-like and non-OXA-48-like producers perform very differently, and one should consider which CPE strains are of interest to culture when choosing agar type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Dierikx
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Public Health Agency of Sweden, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Agnès Perrin-Guyomard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Javené CS 40608 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety - Lyon University, Lyon Laboratory, 31, avenue Tony Garnier 69394 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | - Hege H Divon
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Sophie A Granier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Javené CS 40608 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Annette Hammerum
- Statens Serums Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jette Sejer Kjeldgaard
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Fødevareinstituttet, Kemitorvet, Bygning 202, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Natalie Pauly
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luke Randall
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Muna F Anjum
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Smialowska
- National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 PUŁAWY, Poland
| | - Alessia Franco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", via Appia Nuova, 1411 - 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Kees Veldman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands
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Ballash GA, Munoz-Vargas L, Albers A, Dennis PM, LeJeune JT, Mollenkopf DF, Wittum TE. Temporal Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Fecal Escherichia coli from Deer. Ecohealth 2021; 18:288-296. [PMID: 34609648 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The changing epidemiologic role of wildlife as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is poorly understood. In this study, we characterize the phenotypic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli from fecal samples of 879 individual white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) over a ten-year period and analyze resistance patterns. Our results show commensal E. coli from WTD had significant linear increases in reduced susceptibility to 5 of 12 antimicrobials, including broad-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, from 2006 to 2016. In addition, the relative frequency distribution of minimal inhibitory concentrations of two additional antimicrobials shifted towards higher values from across the study period. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli increased over the study period with a prevalence of 0%, 2.2%, and 3.7% in 2006, 2012, and 2016, respectively. WTD may be persistently and increasingly exposed to antibiotics or their residues, ARB, and/or antimicrobial resistance genes via contaminated environments like surface water receiving treated wastewater effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Ballash
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lohendy Munoz-Vargas
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amy Albers
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patricia M Dennis
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Sarah Allison Steffee Center for Zoological Medicine, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, 4200 Wildlife Way, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Jeffrey T LeJeune
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dixie F Mollenkopf
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Thomas E Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Ballash GA, Albers AL, Mollenkopf DF, Sechrist E, Adams RJ, Wittum TE. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria recovered from retail ground meat products in the US include a Raoultella ornithinolytica co-harboring bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-5. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14041. [PMID: 34234222 PMCID: PMC8263791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Retail beef and pork, including processed products, can serve as vehicles for the zoonotic foodborne transmission of pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. However, processed and seasoned products like sausages, are not often included in research and surveillance programs. The objective of this study was to investigate retail ground beef and pork, including processed products, for the presence of common foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. We purchased 763 packages of fresh and fully cooked retail meat products during 29 visits to 17 grocery stores representing seven major grocery chains located in west and central Ohio. Each package of meat was evaluated for contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella spp., Enterobacteriaceae expressing extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance, and carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). Only 3 of the 144 (2.1%) packages of fully cooked meat products contained any of these organisms, 1 with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae and 2 with CPO. Among the 619 fresh meat products, we found that 85 (13.7%) packages were contaminated with MRSA, 19 (3.1%) with Salmonella, 136 (22.0%) with Enterobacteriaceae expressing an AmpC (blaCMY) resistance genotype, 25 (4.0%) with Enterobacteriaceae expressing an ESBL (blaCTX-M) resistance genotype, and 31 (5.0%) with CPO, primarily environmental organisms expressing intrinsic carbapenem resistance. However, one CPO, a Raoultella ornithinolytica, isolated from pork sausage co-harbored both blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-5 on IncN and IncX3 plasmids, respectively. Our findings suggest that fresh retail meat, including processed products can be important vehicles for the transmission of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, including those with epidemic carbapenemase-producing genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Ballash
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy L Albers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dixie F Mollenkopf
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Sechrist
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachael J Adams
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas E Wittum
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Agga GE, Silva PJ, Martin RS. Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria from Mink Feces and Feed in the United States. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:497-505. [PMID: 33978469 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases are increasing worldwide. Bacteria resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and last resort carbapenems have been reported from food animals and their environments. Other concentrated nonfood-producing animals such as mink farming can be a reservoir of bacteria resistant to these critically important antibiotics. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and carbapenem-resistant (CR) bacteria from mink fecal (n = 42) and feed (n = 8) samples obtained from a commercial mink farm in the United States. The most prevalent ESBL-producing bacteria identified from the fecal samples were Escherichia coli (93%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (76%), and Proteus species (88%). E. coli (100%) and K. pneumoniae (75%) were also the most prevalent ESBL-producing bacteria identified from feed samples. All ESBL E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillin and most cephem beta-lactam antibiotics. Among the ESBL E. coli isolates, co-resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin (33%) and gentamicin (28%) indicating multidrug resistance. ESBL E. coli isolates predominantly carried blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes. Although all feed K. pneumoniae isolates carried blaCTX-M-9, all fecal K. pneumoniae isolates carried blaSHV. CR Pseudomonas species (7%), Hafnia alvei (24%), and Myroides odoratimimus (9.5%) were detected from fecal samples. H. alvei (37.5%) was the only CR bacteria detected from the feed samples. All CR isolates were polymerase chain reaction negative for the tested carbapenemases that are commonly reported, which may indicate intrinsic rather than acquired resistance. This study indicates that mink production can be a reservoir for bacteria resistant to the highest priority critically important antibiotics for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip J Silva
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Randal S Martin
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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11
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Ogunrinu OJ, Norman KN, Vinasco J, Levent G, Lawhon SD, Fajt VR, Volkova VV, Gaire T, Poole TL, Genovese KJ, Wittum TE, Scott HM. Can the use of older-generation beta-lactam antibiotics in livestock production over-select for beta-lactamases of greatest consequence for human medicine? An in vitro experimental model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242195. [PMID: 33196662 PMCID: PMC7668573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though carbapenems are not licensed for use in food animals in the U.S., carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae has been identified in farm animals and their environments. The objective of our study was to determine the extent to which older-generation β-lactam antibiotics approved for use in food animals in the U.S. might differentially select for resistance to antibiotics of critical importance to human health, such as carbapenems. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from humans, food animals, or the environment bearing a single β-lactamase gene (n = 20 each) for blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, and blaCTX-M-* or else blaKPC/IMP/NDM (due to limited availability, often in combination with other bla genes), were identified, along with 20 E. coli strains lacking any known beta-lactamase genes. Baseline estimates of intrinsic bacterial fitness were derived from the population growth curves. Effects of ampicillin (32 μg/mL), ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) and meropenem (4 μg/mL) on each strain and resistance-group also were assessed. Further, in vitro batch cultures were prepared by mixing equal concentrations of 10 representative E. coli strains (two from each resistance gene group), and each mixture was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in non-antibiotic cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton II (CAMH-2) broth, ampicillin + CAMH-2 broth (at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL) and ceftiofur + CAMH-2 broth (at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8μg/mL). Relative and absolute abundance of resistance-groups were estimated phenotypically. Line plots of the raw data were generated, and non-linear Gompertz models and multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models were fitted to the data. The observed strain growth rate distributions were significantly different across the groups. AmpC strains (i.e., blaCMY-2) had distinctly less robust (p < 0.05) growth in ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) compared to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers harboring blaCTX-M-*variants. With increasing beta-lactam antibiotic concentrations, relative proportions of ESBLs and CREs were over-represented in the mixed bacterial communities; importantly, this was more pronounced with ceftiofur than with ampicillin. These results indicate that aminopenicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins would be expected to propagate carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in food animals if and when Enterobacteriaceae from human health care settings enter the food animal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju J. Ogunrinu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gizem Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Virginia R. Fajt
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victoria V. Volkova
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tara Gaire
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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12
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Wang C, Wei S, Xu B, Hao L, Su W, Jin M, Wang Y. Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium co-fermented feed regulates lactating sow's performance, immune status and gut microbiota. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:614-627. [PMID: 33026173 PMCID: PMC7936319 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented feed (FF) is widely applied to improve swine performance. However, the understandings of the effects of FF on the immune status and gut microbiota of lactating sows and whether probiotics are the effective composition of FF are still limited. The present study aimed to investigate the performance, immune status and gut microbiota of lactating sows fed with a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium co-fermented feed (FF), with the probiotic combination (PRO) of B. subtilis and E. faecium and control diet (CON) as controls. Compared with the CON group, FF group remarkably improved the average daily feed intake of sows and the weight gain of piglets, while significantly decreased the backfat loss, constipation rate of sows and diarrhoea incidence of piglets. The yield and quality of milk of sows in FF group were improved. Besides, faecal acetate and butyrate were promoted in FF group. Additionally, FF increased the level of IgG, IgM and IL-10 and decreased the concentration of TNF-α in serum. Furthermore, FF reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and increased the level of Lactobacillus and Succiniclasticum, which were remarkably associated with growth performance and serum immune parameters. Accordingly, microbial metabolic functions including DNA repair and recombination proteins, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, mismatch repair and d-alanine metabolism were significantly upregulated, while amino acid metabolism was downregulated in FF group. Overall, the beneficial effects of FF were superior to PRO treatment. Altogether, administration of FF during lactation improved the performance and immune status, and modulated gut microbiota of sows. Probiotics are not the only one effective compound of FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Siyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lihong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Weifa Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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13
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Cheng G, Ning J, Ahmed S, Huang J, Ullah R, An B, Hao H, Dai M, Huang L, Wang X, Yuan Z. Selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Agri-food production. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:158. [PMID: 31649815 PMCID: PMC6805589 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Public unrest about the use of antimicrobial agents in farming practice is the leading cause of increasing and the emergences of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria that have placed pressure on the agri-food industry to act. The usage of antimicrobials in food and agriculture have direct or indirect effects on the development of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by bacteria associated with animals and plants which may enter the food chain through consumption of meat, fish, vegetables or some other food sources. In addition to antimicrobials, recent reports have shown that AMR is associated with tolerance to heavy metals existing naturally or used in agri-food production. Besides, biocides including disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives which are widely used in farms and slaughter houses may also contribute in the development of AMR. Though the direct transmission of AMR from food-animals and related environment to human is still vague and debatable, the risk should not be neglected. Therefore, combined global efforts are necessary for the proper use of antimicrobials, heavy metals and biocides in agri-food production to control the development of AMR. These collective measures will preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyue Cheng
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jianan Ning
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Junhong Huang
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- 3State key laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Boyu An
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Haihong Hao
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Menghong Dai
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lingli Huang
- 2National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xu Wang
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China.,2National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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14
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Mathys DA, Mollenkopf DF, Feicht SM, Adams RJ, Albers AL, Stuever DM, Grooters SV, Ballash GA, Daniels JB, Wittum TE. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp. present in wastewater treatment plant effluent and nearby surface waters in the US. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218650. [PMID: 31242271 PMCID: PMC6594618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) are rare, multidrug resistant organisms most commonly associated with hospitalized patients. Metropolitan wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) treat wastewater from large geographic areas which include hospitals and may serve as epidemiologic reservoirs for the maintenance or expansion of CPB that originate from hospitals and are ultimately discharged in treated effluent. However, little is known about the potential impact of these WWTP CPB on the local surface water and their risk to the public health. In addition, CPB that are present in surface water may ultimately disseminate to intensively-managed animal agriculture facilities where there is potential for amplification by extended-spectrum cephalosporins. To better understand the role of WWTPs in the dissemination of CPB in surface waters, we obtained samples of treated effluent, and both upstream and downstream nearby surface water from 50 WWTPs throughout the US. A total of 30 CPB with clinically-relevant genotypes were recovered from 15 WWTPs (30%) of which 13 (50%) serviced large metropolitan areas and 2 (8.3%) represented small rural populations (P < 0.05). Recovery of CPB was lowest among WWTPs that utilized ultraviolet radiation for primary disinfection (12%), and higher (P = 0.11) for WWTPs that used chlorination (42%) or that did not utilize disinfection (50%). We did not detect a difference in CPB recovery by sampling site, although fewer CPB were detected in upstream (8%) compared to effluent (20%) and downstream (18%) samples. Our results indicate that WWTP effluent and nearby surface waters in the US are routinely contaminated with CPB with clinically important genotypes including those producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM). This is a concern for both public health and animal agriculture because introduction of CPB into intensively managed livestock populations could lead to their amplification and foodborne dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitria A. Mathys
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dixie F. Mollenkopf
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sydnee M. Feicht
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachael J. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Albers
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David M. Stuever
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susan V. Grooters
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Ballash
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua B. Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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