Glucosamine Displays a Potent Caloric Restriction Mimetic Effect in Senescent Rats by Activating Mitohormosis

Curcumin displays a potent caloric restriction mimetic effect in an accelerated senescent model of rat

Curcumin, a strong natural compound with numerous health benefits, is extracted from the Curcuma longa. According to recent research findings, it also acts as a calorie restriction mimetic. We examined established aging biomarkers in erythrocytes and plasma and tested a persistent oral dietary dose of curcumin in young and D-galactose-induced accelerated rat aging models. For four weeks, D-gal (300 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously) and curcumin (200 mg/kg b.w. oral) were administered simultaneously to test the protective effects of curcumin against D-galactose-induced accelerated aging and oxidative stress. In the accelerated senescent rat model, we discovered a significant rise in protein carbonyl, malonaldehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products. Increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, ferric-reducing antioxidant potential, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed. Our findings reveal that curcumin has characteristics resembling a calorie restriction mimic and can successfully maintain redox equilibrium throughout the aging process in rat erythrocytes and plasma.

Impacts of konjac glucomannan with different modification of degradation or deacetylation on the stress resistance and fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans

The impact of modification in molecules or deacetylation of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the stress resistance in vivo has rarely been studied systematically. This research studied the effects of KGM with different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation on the stress resistance and physical fitness of Caenorhabditis elegans. After the nematodes were incubated with different modified KGM, the survival rate of nematodes under oxidative and heat stress, as well as the fertility and locomotion were measured. KGM(2-5) can significantly prolong the mean and maximum lifespan of nematodes in the presence of paraquat. Under heat stress, all partially degraded konjac glucomannan (PDKGM) showed the significant extension of survival rates. Da(1-3) improved the survival rates of nematodes under oxidative stress. Furthermore, genes expression showed that KGM(2-5) and Da(1-3) upregulated the expression of sod-3, hsp-16.2, and atf-7. Taken together, molecular weight reduction or deacetylation of KGM have a significant impact on the stress resistance in vivo. PDKGM applied in stress resistance will be suggested not to exceed 200 kDa and deacylation of KGM will be suggested to be below 50%.