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Koenemann NA, Sauerwald F, Thimel D, Mayr E. A rare case of periprosthetic joint infection of the hip due to Kocuria spp. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:607. [PMID: 37770826 PMCID: PMC10536817 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kocuria spp. are ubiquitous bacteria that have gained recent attention as potential infectious agents. The most common bacteria in PJI are S. aureus und S. epidermidis. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 72-year-old woman who received total hip arthroplasty after a traumatic medial femoral neck fracture. Postoperatively, due to the clinical presentation of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) revision surgery was performed twice. The microbiological tissue samples were positive for Kocuria spp. Initially, this was considered contamination and the patient was treated with various antibiotic regimens as well as prednisolone due to the differential diagnosis of pyoderma gangraenosum. However, a specialized histopathology lab performed further testing which substantiated the suspicion of a rare case of PJI due to Kocuria spp. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a PJI caused by Kocuria spp. Further clinical research is necessary to assess whether Kocuria spp. are an underestimated cause of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Anais Koenemann
- Klinik Für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie, Plastische Und Handchirurgie; Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Fabian Sauerwald
- Klinik Für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie, Plastische Und Handchirurgie; Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thimel
- Klinik Für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie, Plastische Und Handchirurgie; Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Mayr
- Klinik Für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie, Plastische Und Handchirurgie; Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
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Ziogou A, Giannakodimos I, Giannakodimos A, Baliou S, Ioannou P. Kocuria Species Infections in Humans-A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2362. [PMID: 37764205 PMCID: PMC10535236 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kocuria species are catalase-positive and coagulase-negative Gram-positive coccoid bacteria that belong to the family Micrococcaceae, order Actinomycetales, and class Actinobacteria. Even though they may be relatively rare, they have been increasingly reported as the causes of human infections lately. The present study aims to review all published cases of Kocuria spp. infections in humans reporting data on epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial treatment, and mortality. A narrative review was performed based on a search of Pubmed and Scopus databases in the literature. In total, 73 studies provided data on 102 patients with Kocuria spp. infections. The mean age of patients was 47 years, and 68.3% were male. The most common types of infection were bacteremia (36.3%), skin and soft tissue infection (18.6%), endophthalmitis (15.7%), infective endocarditis (13.7%), and peritonitis (11.8%), most commonly peritoneal-dialysis-associated. The most frequently isolated species was K. kristinae (46.1%), and antimicrobial resistance was lower for vancomycin (7%) and tetracyclines (6.7%). Vancomycin (47%), cephalosporins (39.6%), and quinolones (36.6%) were the most commonly used antimicrobials. The empirical antimicrobial treatment of Kocuria spp. infections should include vancomycin as long as antimicrobial susceptibility results are pending. The infection outcome mainly depends on the type of infection and is higher for infective endocarditis. Endophthalmitis is associated with increased rates of low visual acuity after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Ziogou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannakodimos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Giannakodimos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Hou Y, Zhang M, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Liu J, Yuan K, Sun Z, Liu X. Microbial signatures of neonatal bacterial meningitis from multiple body sites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1169101. [PMID: 37674578 PMCID: PMC10477713 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1169101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common central nervous system infection in newborns, neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM) can seriously affect their health and growth. However, although metagenomic approaches are being applied in clinical diagnostic practice, there are some limitations for whole metagenome sequencing and amplicon sequencing in handling low microbial biomass samples. Through a newly developed ultra-sensitive metagenomic sequencing method named 2bRAD-M, we investigated the microbial signatures of central nervous system infections in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Particularly, we recruited a total of 23 neonates suspected of having NBM and collected their blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and skin samples for 2bRAD-M sequencing. Then we developed a novel decontamination method (Reads Level Decontamination, RLD) for 2bRAD-M by which we efficiently denoised the sequencing data and found some potential biomarkers that have significantly different relative abundance between 12 patients that were diagnosed as NBM and 11 Non-NBM based on their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination results. Specifically, we discovered 11 and 8 potential biomarkers for NBM in blood and CSF separately and further identified 16 and 35 microbial species that highly correlated with the physiological indicators in blood and CSF. Our study not only provide microbiological evidence to aid in the diagnosis of NBM but also demonstrated the application of an ultra-sensitive metagenomic sequencing method in pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Hou
- Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiannan Jiang
- Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Qingdao OE Biotechnology Company Limited, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuxiang Liu
- Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Wang Z, Zhang P, Huang C, Guo Y, Dong X, Li X. Conjunctival sac bacterial culture of patients using levofloxacin eye drops before cataract surgery: a real-world, retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:328. [PMID: 35907940 PMCID: PMC9338605 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of antibiotics preoperatively is effective to decrease the incidence of ocular bacterial infections but may lead to high resistance rate, especially on patients with multi-risk clinical factors. This study systematically analyzed real-world data (RWD) of patients to reveal the association between clinical factors and conjunctival sac bacterial load and offer prophylaxis suggestions. Methods We retrieved RWD of patients using levofloxacin eye drops (5 mL: 24.4 mg, 4 times a day for 3 days) preoperatively. Retrieved data included information on the conjunctival sac bacterial culture, sex, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), and history of hospital-based surgeries. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results RWD of 15,415 cases (patients) were retrieved. Among these patients, 5,866 (38.1%) were males and 9,549 (61.9%) females. 5,960 (38.7%) patients had a history of hypertension, and 3,493 (22.7%) patients had a history of DM. 7,555 (49.0%) patients had a history of hospital-based operations. There were 274 (1.8%) positive bacterial cultures. Male patients with hypertension and DM may be at increased risk of having positive bacterial cultures (P < 0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 56, 20.4%), Kocuria rosea (n = 37, 13.5%), and Micrococcus luteus (n = 32, 11.7%) were the top 3 isolated strains. Most bacterial strains were resistant to various antibiotics except rifampin, and 82.5% (33 of 40 isolates) of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates had multidrug antibiotic resistance. Numbers of culture-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in the male group and non-DM group were greater than those in the female and DM groups, respectively. Micrococcus luteus (n = 11, 8.8%) was found less frequently in non-hypertension group than in hypertension group. Conclusion Sex (Male) and the presence of hypertension and DM are risk factors for greater conjunctival sac bacterial loads. We offer a prophylactic suggestion based on the combined use of levofloxacin and rifampin. However, this approach may aggravate risk of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhe Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Trachtenberg AM, Goen AE, MacLea KS. Genome Sequences for Three Strains of Kocuria rosea, Including the Type Strain. Genome Announc 2018; 6:e00594-18. [PMID: 29930075 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00594-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Genomes from three strains of Kocuria rosea were sequenced. K. rosea ATCC 186, the type strain, was 3,958,612 bp in length with a total G+C content of 72.70%. When assembled, K. rosea ATCC 516 was 3,862,128 bp with a 72.82% G+C content. K. rosea ATCC 49321 was 4,018,783 bp in size with a 72.49% G+C content.
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Kandi V, Palange P, Vaish R, Bhatti AB, Kale V, Kandi MR, Bhoomagiri MR. Emerging Bacterial Infection: Identification and Clinical Significance of Kocuria Species. Cureus 2016; 8:e731. [PMID: 27630804 PMCID: PMC5017880 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there have been reports of gram-positive cocci which are morphologically similar to both Staphylococci and the Micrococci. These bacteria have been identified as Kocuria species with the help of automated identification system and other molecular methods including 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) evaluation. Kocuria belongs to the family Micrococcaceae which also includes Staphylococcus species and Micrococcus species. Isolation and clinical significance of these bacteria from human specimens warrant great caution as it does not necessarily confirm infection due to their ubiquitous presence, and as a normal flora of skin and mucous membranes in human and animals. Most clinical microbiology laboratories ignore such bacteria as laboratory and specimen contaminants. With increasing reports of infections associated with these bacteria, it is now important for clinical microbiologists to identify and enumerate the virulence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of such bacteria and assist clinicians in improving the patient care and management. We review the occurrence and clinical significance of Kocuria species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ritu Vaish
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Adnan Bashir Bhatti
- Medical Director of Clinical Research, Spine Surgery, Tristate Brain and Spine Institute, United States
| | - Vinod Kale
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences
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Horiuchi A, Kubota N, Hidaka E, Shimabukuro A, Yasukochi S, Nakamura T, Oana K, Kawakami Y. Notable alkaline tolerance of Kocuria marina isolate from blood of a pediatric patient with continuous intravenous epoprostenol therapy. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:680-6. [PMID: 26166323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was the first to describe the hitherto deficiently evaluated alkaline tolerance of Kocuria marina isolate from a pediatric patient with continuous intravenous epoprostenol dosing therapy. Our isolate from blood of a 7-year-old Japanese boy was finally identified as K. marina by the morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties together with the comparative sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes. The K. marina isolate, the causative agent of catheter-related blood-stream infection, was not only revealed to be salt tolerant (NaCl 15%), but also demonstrated to be stably survived with no apparent decrease of cell counts for long periods (120 h) in an alkaline environment (pH 8, 9, 10, and 11) at 35 °C. Its remarkable tolerance to the stresses of high alkalinity compared with a clinical Staphylococcus aureus strain should provide consistent interpretation that the environment of high alkalinity (pH 10.2-10.8) measures should be insufficient to inactivate almost all the causative agents including K. marina strains in the solution of epoprostenol (pH 10.4) (Flolan(®), GlaxoSmithKline, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.). To the best of our knowledge, the first description of the property of being tolerant to high alkalinity that the K. marina isolate exhibited was noteworthy and a useful piece of information. In conclusion, we believe that the present study should be a notification regarding the potential risk of catheter-related blood-stream infections due to K. marina, suggestive of an alkalophile, especially in patients receiving continuous intravenous epoprostenol dosing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Horiuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan
| | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan; Department of Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan
| | - Eiko Hidaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan; Department of Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan
| | - Atsuya Shimabukuro
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasukochi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan; Department of Infection Control, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino 399-8288, Japan
| | - Kozue Oana
- Division of Infection Control and Microbiological Regulation, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawakami
- Division of Infection Control and Microbiological Regulation, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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