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Stein F, Gruber M, Mauritz M, Brosch K, Pfarr JK, Ringwald KG, Thomas-Odenthal F, Wroblewski A, Evermann U, Steinsträter O, Grumbach P, Thiel K, Winter A, Bonnekoh LM, Flinkenflügel K, Goltermann J, Meinert S, Grotegerd D, Bauer J, Opel N, Hahn T, Leehr EJ, Jansen A, de Lange SC, van den Heuvel MP, Nenadić I, Krug A, Dannlowski U, Repple J, Kircher T. Brain Structural Network Connectivity of Formal Thought Disorder Dimensions in Affective and Psychotic Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:629-638. [PMID: 37207935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychopathological syndrome of formal thought disorder (FTD) is not only present in schizophrenia (SZ), but also highly prevalent in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It remains unknown how alterations in the structural white matter connectome of the brain correlate with psychopathological FTD dimensions across affective and psychotic disorders. METHODS Using FTD items of the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, we performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in 864 patients with major depressive disorder (n= 689), bipolar disorder (n = 108), or SZ (n = 67) to identify psychopathological FTD dimensions. We used T1- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to reconstruct the structural connectome of the brain. To investigate the association of FTD subdimensions and global structural connectome measures, we employed linear regression models. We used network-based statistic to identify subnetworks of white matter fiber tracts associated with FTD symptomatology. RESULTS Three psychopathological FTD dimensions were delineated, i.e., disorganization, emptiness, and incoherence. Disorganization and incoherence were associated with global dysconnectivity. Network-based statistics identified subnetworks associated with the FTD dimensions disorganization and emptiness but not with the FTD dimension incoherence. Post hoc analyses on subnetworks did not reveal diagnosis × FTD dimension interaction effects. Results remained stable after correcting for medication and disease severity. Confirmatory analyses showed a substantial overlap of nodes from both subnetworks with cortical brain regions previously associated with FTD in SZ. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated white matter subnetwork dysconnectivity in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and SZ associated with FTD dimensions that predominantly comprise brain regions implicated in speech. Results open an avenue for transdiagnostic, psychopathology-informed, dimensional studies in pathogenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Mauritz
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai G Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrika Evermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Grumbach
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Linda M Bonnekoh
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kira Flinkenflügel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Siemon C de Lange
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Messina A, Cuccì G, Crescimanno C, Signorelli MS. Clinical anatomy of the precuneus and pathogenesis of the schizophrenia. Anat Sci Int 2023:10.1007/s12565-023-00730-w. [PMID: 37340095 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that the precuneus plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The precuneus is a structure of the parietal lobe's medial and posterior cortex, representing a central hub involved in multimodal integration processes. Although neglected for several years, the precuneus is highly complex and crucial for multimodal integration. It has extensive connections with different cerebral areas and is an interface between external stimuli and internal representations. In human evolution, the precuneus has increased in size and complexity, allowing the development of higher cognitive functions, such as visual-spatial ability, mental imagery, episodic memory, and other tasks involved in emotional processing and mentalization. This paper reviews the functions of the precuneus and discusses them concerning the psychopathological aspects of schizophrenia. The different neuronal circuits, such as the default mode network (DMN), in which the precuneus is involved and its alterations in the structure (grey matter) and the disconnection of pathways (white matter) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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3
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Kogler L, Regenbogen C, Müller VI, Kohn N, Schneider F, Gur RC, Derntl B. Cognitive Stress Regulation in Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Individuals: Brain and Behavior. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072749. [PMID: 37048832 PMCID: PMC10095473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important factor in the development, triggering, and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Still, little is known about the neural correlates of cognitively regulating stressful events in schizophrenia. The current study aimed at investigating the cognitive down-regulation of negative, stressful reactions during a neuroimaging psychosocial stress paradigm (non-regulated stress versus cognitively regulated stress). In a randomized, repeated-measures within-subject design, we assessed subjective reactions and neural activation in schizophrenia patients (SZP) and matched healthy controls in a neuroimaging psychosocial stress paradigm. In general, SZP exhibited an increased anticipation of stress compared to controls (p = 0.020). During non-regulated stress, SZP showed increased negative affect (p = 0.033) and stronger activation of the left parietal operculum/posterior insula (p < 0.001) and right inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula (p = 0.005) than controls. Contrarily, stress regulation compared to non-regulated stress led to increased subjective reactions in controls (p = 0.003) but less deactivation in SZP in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.027). Our data demonstrate stronger reactions to and anticipation of stress in patients and difficulties with cognitive stress regulation in both groups. Considering the strong association between mental health and stress, the investigation of cognitive regulation in individuals vulnerable to stress, including SZP, has crucial implications for improving stress intervention trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Centre for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Regenbogen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nils Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Centre for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for the Mechanisms of Mental Function and Dysfunction (IMPRS-MMFD), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Network, University of Tübingen, Walter-Simon-Straße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Chen X, Ke P, Huang Y, Zhou J, Li H, Peng R, Huang J, Liang L, Ma G, Li X, Ning Y, Wu F, Wu K. Discriminative analysis of schizophrenia patients using graph convolutional networks: A combined multimodal MRI and connectomics analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1140801. [PMID: 37090813 PMCID: PMC10117439 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1140801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRecent studies in human brain connectomics with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have widely reported abnormalities in brain structure, function and connectivity associated with schizophrenia (SZ). However, most previous discriminative studies of SZ patients were based on MRI features of brain regions, ignoring the complex relationships within brain networks.MethodsWe applied a graph convolutional network (GCN) to discriminating SZ patients using the features of brain region and connectivity derived from a combined multimodal MRI and connectomics analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from 140 SZ patients and 205 normal controls. Eighteen types of brain graphs were constructed for each subject using 3 types of node features, 3 types of edge features, and 2 brain atlases. We investigated the performance of 18 brain graphs and used the TopK pooling layers to highlight salient brain regions (nodes in the graph).ResultsThe GCN model, which used functional connectivity as edge features and multimodal features (sMRI + fMRI) of brain regions as node features, obtained the highest average accuracy of 95.8%, and outperformed other existing classification studies in SZ patients. In the explainability analysis, we reported that the top 10 salient brain regions, predominantly distributed in the prefrontal and occipital cortices, were mainly involved in the systems of emotion and visual processing.DiscussionOur findings demonstrated that GCN with a combined multimodal MRI and connectomics analysis can effectively improve the classification of SZ at an individual level, indicating a promising direction for the diagnosis of SZ patients. The code is available at https://github.com/CXY-scut/GCN-SZ.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Emotional Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Emotional Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runlin Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - LiQing Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yuping Ning
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychosomatic, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Wu,
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Kai Wu,
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5
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Meram ED, Baajour S, Chowdury A, Kopchick J, Thomas P, Rajan U, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. The topology, stability, and instability of learning-induced brain network repertoires in schizophrenia. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:184-212. [PMID: 37333998 PMCID: PMC10270714 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of graph theoretic methods applied to task-based data in schizophrenia (SCZ). Tasks are useful for modulating brain network dynamics, and topology. Understanding how changes in task conditions impact inter-group differences in topology can elucidate unstable network characteristics in SCZ. Here, in a group of patients and healthy controls (n = 59 total, 32 SCZ), we used an associative learning task with four distinct conditions (Memory Formation, Post-Encoding Consolidation, Memory Retrieval, and Post-Retrieval Consolidation) to induce network dynamics. From the acquired fMRI time series data, betweenness centrality (BC), a metric of a node's integrative value was used to summarize network topology in each condition. Patients showed (a) differences in BC across multiple nodes and conditions; (b) decreased BC in more integrative nodes, but increased BC in less integrative nodes; (c) discordant node ranks in each of the conditions; and (d) complex patterns of stability and instability of node ranks across conditions. These analyses reveal that task conditions induce highly variegated patterns of network dys-organization in SCZ. We suggest that the dys-connection syndrome that is schizophrenia, is a contextually evoked process, and that the tools of network neuroscience should be oriented toward elucidating the limits of this dys-connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel D. Meram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shahira Baajour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John Kopchick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Luay Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Galdino LB, Fernandes T, Schmidt KE, Santos NA. Altered brain connectivity during visual stimulation in schizophrenia. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3327-3337. [PMID: 36322165 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) can be described as a functional dysconnectivity syndrome that affects brain connectivity and circuitry. However, little is known about how sensory stimulation modulates network parameters in schizophrenia, such as their small-worldness (SW) during visual processing. To address this question, we applied graph theory algorithms to multi-electrode EEG recordings obtained during visual stimulation with a checkerboard pattern-reversal stimulus. Twenty-six volunteers participated in the study, 13 diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ; mean age = 38.3 years; SD = 9.61 years) and 13 healthy controls (HC; mean age = 28.92 years; SD = 12.92 years). The visually evoked potential (VEP) showed a global amplitude decrease (p < 0.05) for SCZ patients as opposed to HC but no differences in latency (p > 0.05). As a signature of functional connectivity, graph measures were obtained from the Magnitude-Squared Coherence between signals from pairs of occipital electrodes, separately for the alpha (8-13 Hz) and low-gamma (36-55 Hz) bands. For the alpha band, there was a significant effect of the visual stimulus on all measures (p < 0.05) but no group interaction between SCZ and HZ (p > 0.05). For the low-gamma spectrum, both groups showed a decrease of Characteristic Path Length (L) during visual stimulation (p < 0.05), but, contrary to the HC group, only SCZ significantly lowered their small-world (SW) connectivity index during visual stimulation (SCZ p < 0.05; HC p > 0.05). This indicates dysconnectivity of the functional network in the low-gamma band of SCZ during stimulation, which might indirectly reflect an altered ability to react to new sensory input in patients. These results provide novel evidence about a possible electrophysiological signature of the global deficits revealed by the application of graph theory onto electroencephalography in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Galdino
- Laboratory of Perception, Neurosciences and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil. .,Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute (ICe), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Perception, Neurosciences and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Kerstin E Schmidt
- Neurobiology of Vision Lab, Brain Institute (ICe), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Laboratory of Perception, Neurosciences and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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7
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Zovetti N, Bellani M, Chowdury A, Alessandrini F, Zoccatelli G, Perlini C, Ricciardi GK, Marzi CA, Diwadkar VA, Brambilla P. Inefficient white matter activity in Schizophrenia evoked during intra and inter-hemispheric communication. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:449. [PMID: 36244980 PMCID: PMC9573867 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive cognitive tasks induce inefficient regional and network responses in schizophrenia (SCZ). fMRI-based studies have naturally focused on gray matter, but appropriately titrated visuo-motor integration tasks reliably activate inter- and intra-hemispheric white matter pathways. Such tasks can assess network inefficiency without demanding intensive cognitive effort. Here, we provide the first application of this framework to the study of white matter functional responses in SCZ. Event-related fMRI data were acquired from 28 patients (nine females, mean age 43.3, ±11.7) and 28 age- and gender-comparable controls (nine females, mean age 42.1 ± 10.1), using the Poffenberger paradigm, a rapid visual detection task used to induce intra- (ipsi-lateral visual and motor cortex) or inter-hemispheric (contra-lateral visual and motor cortex) transfer. fMRI data were pre- and post-processed to reliably isolate activations in white matter, using probabilistic tractography-based white matter tracts. For intra- and inter-hemispheric transfer conditions, SCZ evinced hyper-activations in longitudinal and transverse white matter tracts, with hyper-activation in sub-regions of the corpus callosum primarily observed during inter-hemispheric transfer. Evidence for the functional inefficiency of white matter was observed in conjunction with small (~50 ms) but significant increases in response times. Functional inefficiencies in SCZ are (1) observable in white matter, with the degree of inefficiency contextually related to task-conditions, and (2) are evoked by simple detection tasks without intense cognitive processing. These cumulative results while expanding our understanding of this dys-connection syndrome, also extend the search of biomarkers beyond the traditional realm of fMRI studies of gray matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Zovetti
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Franco Alessandrini
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XNeuroradiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Zoccatelli
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XNeuroradiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe K. Ricciardi
- Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of Neuroradiology, Hospital Trust Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo A. Marzi
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ,National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Blair DS, Soriano-Mas C, Cabral J, Moreira P, Morgado P, Deco G. Complexity changes in functional state dynamics suggest focal connectivity reductions. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:958706. [PMID: 36211126 PMCID: PMC9540393 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.958706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have seen an explosion in the methods and directions of neuroscience research. Along with many others, complexity research has rapidly gained traction as both an independent research field and a valuable subdiscipline in computational neuroscience. In the past decade alone, several studies have suggested that psychiatric disorders affect the spatiotemporal complexity of both global and region-specific brain activity (Liu et al., 2013; Adhikari et al., 2017; Li et al., 2018). However, many of these studies have not accounted for the distributed nature of cognition in either the global or regional complexity estimates, which may lead to erroneous interpretations of both global and region-specific entropy estimates. To alleviate this concern, we propose a novel method for estimating complexity. This method relies upon projecting dynamic functional connectivity into a low-dimensional space which captures the distributed nature of brain activity. Dimension-specific entropy may be estimated within this space, which in turn allows for a rapid estimate of global signal complexity. Testing this method on a recently acquired obsessive-compulsive disorder dataset reveals substantial increases in the complexity of both global and dimension-specific activity versus healthy controls, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive patients may experience increased disorder in cognition. To probe the potential causes of this alteration, we estimate subject-level effective connectivity via a Hopf oscillator-based model dynamic model, the results of which suggest that obsessive-compulsive patients may experience abnormally high connectivity across a broad network in the cortex. These findings are broadly in line with results from previous studies, suggesting that this method is both robust and sensitive to group-level complexity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Mental Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Cabral
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center—Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Facultad de Comunicación, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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9
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Gao Y, Tong X, Hu J, Huang H, Guo T, Wang G, Li Y, Wang G. Decreased resting-state neural signal in the left angular gyrus as a potential neuroimaging biomarker of schizophrenia: An amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and support vector machine analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:949512. [PMID: 36090354 PMCID: PMC9452648 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia (SCH) is primarily diagnosed based on specific clinical symptoms, with the lack of any objective SCH-related biomarkers often resulting in patient misdiagnosis and the underdiagnosis of this condition. This study was developed to assess the utility of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values analyzed via support vector machine (SVM) methods as a means of diagnosing SCH. Methods In total, 131 SCH patients and 128 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) individuals underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), with the resultant data then being analyzed using ALFF values and SVM methods. Results Relative to HC individuals, patients with SCH exhibited ALFF reductions in the left angular gyrus (AG), fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right cerebellum, bilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and precuneus (PCu) regions. No SCH patient brain regions exhibited significant increases in ALFF relative to HC individuals. SVM results indicated that reductions in ALFF values in the bilateral PCu can be used to effectively differentiate between SCH patients and HCs with respective accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of 73.36, 91.60, and 54.69%. Conclusion These data indicate that SCH patients may exhibit characteristic reductions in regional brain activity, with decreased ALFF values of the bilateral PCu potentially offering value as a candidate biomarker capable of distinguishing between SCH patients and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Tong
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Heifei, China
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxiu Hu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tian Guo
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Gao S, Ming Y, Ni S, Kong Z, Wang J, Gu Y, Lu S, Chen T, Kong M, Sun J, Xu X. Association of reduced local activities in the default mode and sensorimotor networks with clinical characteristics in first-diagnosed of schizophrenia. Neuroscience 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Wu XL, Yan QJ, Zhu F. Abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired cognition in schizophrenia. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:541-557. [PMID: 35582335 PMCID: PMC9048451 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i4.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental illness that affects several brain domains with relation to cognition and behaviour. SCZ symptoms are typically classified into three categories, namely, positive, negative, and cognitive. The etiology of SCZ is thought to be multifactorial and poorly understood. Accumulating evidence has indicated abnormal synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairments in SCZ. Synaptic plasticity is thought to be induced at appropriate synapses during memory formation and has a critical role in the cognitive symptoms of SCZ. Many factors, including synaptic structure changes, aberrant expression of plasticity-related genes, and abnormal synaptic transmission, may influence synaptic plasticity and play vital roles in SCZ. In this article, we briefly summarize the morphology of the synapse, the neurobiology of synaptic plasticity, and the role of synaptic plasticity, and review potential mechanisms underlying abnormal synaptic plasticity in SCZ. These abnormalities involve dendritic spines, postsynaptic density, and long-term potentiation-like plasticity. We also focus on cognitive dysfunction, which reflects impaired connectivity in SCZ. Additionally, the potential targets for the treatment of SCZ are discussed in this article. Therefore, understanding abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired cognition in SCZ has an essential role in drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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12
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Stein F, Buckenmayer E, Brosch K, Meller T, Schmitt S, Ringwald KG, Pfarr JK, Steinsträter O, Enneking V, Grotegerd D, Heindel W, Meinert S, Leehr EJ, Lemke H, Thiel K, Waltemate L, Winter A, Hahn T, Dannlowski U, Jansen A, Nenadić I, Krug A, Kircher T. Dimensions of Formal Thought Disorder and Their Relation to Gray- and White Matter Brain Structure in Affective and Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:902-911. [PMID: 35064667 PMCID: PMC9212109 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Factorial dimensions and neurobiological underpinnings of formal thought disorders (FTD) have been extensively investigated in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, FTD are also highly prevalent in other disorders. Still, there is a lack of knowledge about transdiagnostic, structural brain correlates of FTD. In N = 1071 patients suffering from DSM-IV major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or SSD, we calculated a psychopathological factor model of FTD based on the SAPS and SANS scales. We tested the association of FTD dimensions with 3 T MRI measured gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) using regression and interaction models in SPM12. We performed post hoc confirmatory analyses in diagnostically equally distributed, age- and sex-matched sub-samples to test whether results were driven by diagnostic categories. Cross-validation (explorative and confirmatory) factor analyses revealed three psychopathological FTD factors: disorganization, emptiness, and incoherence. Disorganization was negatively correlated with a GMV cluster comprising parts of the middle occipital and angular gyri and positively with FA in the right posterior cingulum bundle and inferior longitudinal fascicle. Emptiness was negatively associated with left hippocampus and thalamus GMV. Incoherence was negatively associated with FA in bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, and positively with the hippocampal part of the right cingulum bundle. None of the gray or white matter associations interacted with diagnosis. Our results provide a refined mapping of cross-disorder FTD phenotype dimensions. For the first time, we demonstrated that their neuroanatomical signatures are associated with language-related gray and white matter structures independent of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Stein
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; tel: +49-6421-58 63831, fax: +49-6421-58 65197, e-mail:
| | - Elena Buckenmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Gustav Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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13
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Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. The Effective Connectivity of the Human Hippocampal Memory System. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3706-3725. [PMID: 35034120 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective connectivity measurements in the human hippocampal memory system based on the resting-state blood oxygenation-level dependent signal were made in 172 participants in the Human Connectome Project to reveal the directionality and strength of the connectivity. A ventral "what" hippocampal stream involves the temporal lobe cortex, perirhinal and parahippocampal TF cortex, and entorhinal cortex. A dorsal "where" hippocampal stream connects parietal cortex with posterior and retrosplenial cingulate cortex, and with parahippocampal TH cortex, which, in turn, project to the presubiculum, which connects to the hippocampus. A third stream involves the orbitofrontal and ventromedial-prefrontal cortex with effective connectivity with the hippocampal, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortex. There is generally stronger forward connectivity to the hippocampus than backward. Thus separate "what," "where," and "reward" streams can converge in the hippocampus, from which back projections return to the sources. However, unlike the simple dual stream hippocampal model, there is a third stream related to reward value; there is some cross-connectivity between these systems before the hippocampus is reached; and the hippocampus has some effective connectivity with earlier stages of processing than the entorhinal cortex and presubiculum. These findings complement diffusion tractography and provide a foundation for new concepts on the operation of the human hippocampal memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Song Y, Yang J, Chang M, Wei Y, Yin Z, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Wu F, Kong L, Xu K, Wang F, Tang Y. Shared and distinct functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:993356. [PMID: 36186868 PMCID: PMC9515660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.993356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) share etiological and pathophysiological characteristics. Although neuroimaging studies have reported hippocampal alterations in SZ, BD, and MDD, little is known about how different hippocampal subregions are affected in these conditions because such subregions, namely, the cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum (SUB), have different structural foundations and perform different functions. Here, we hypothesize that different hippocampal subregions may reflect some intrinsic features among the major psychiatric disorders, such as SZ, BD, and MDD. By investigating resting functional connectivity (FC) of each hippocampal subregion among 117 SZ, 103 BD, 96 MDD, and 159 healthy controls, we found similarly and distinctly changed FC of hippocampal subregions in the three disorders. The abnormal functions of middle frontal gyrus might be the core feature of the psychopathological mechanisms of SZ, BD, and MDD. Anterior cingulate cortex and inferior orbital frontal gyrus might be the shared abnormalities of SZ and BD, and inferior orbital frontal gyrus is also positively correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms in SZ and BD. Caudate might be the unique feature of SZ and showed a positive correlation with the cognitive function in SZ. Middle temporal gyrus and supplemental motor area are the differentiating features of BD. Our study provides evidence for the different functions of different hippocampal subregions in psychiatric pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yange Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuning Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Tarasi L, Trajkovic J, Diciotti S, di Pellegrino G, Ferri F, Ursino M, Romei V. Predictive waves in the autism-schizophrenia continuum: A novel biobehavioral model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1-22. [PMID: 34774901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a predictive machine. Converging data suggests a diametric predictive strategy from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD). Whereas perceptual inference in ASD is rigidly shaped by incoming sensory information, the SSD population is prone to overestimate the precision of their priors' models. Growing evidence considers brain oscillations pivotal biomarkers to understand how top-down predictions integrate bottom-up input. Starting from the conceptualization of ASD and SSD as oscillopathies, we introduce an integrated perspective that ascribes the maladjustments of the predictive mechanism to dysregulation of neural synchronization. According to this proposal, disturbances in the oscillatory profile do not allow the appropriate trade-off between descending predictive signal, overweighted in SSD, and ascending prediction errors, overweighted in ASD. These opposing imbalances both result in an ill-adapted reaction to external challenges. This approach offers a neuro-computational model capable of linking predictive coding theories with electrophysiological findings, aiming to increase knowledge on the neuronal foundations of the two spectra features and stimulate hypothesis-driven rehabilitation/research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tarasi
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Jelena Trajkovic
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Ursino
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Rolls ET. The connections of neocortical pyramidal cells can implement the learning of new categories, attractor memory, and top-down recall and attention. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2523-2536. [PMID: 34347165 PMCID: PMC8448704 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neocortical pyramidal cells have three key classes of excitatory input: forward inputs from the previous cortical area (or thalamus); recurrent collateral synapses from nearby pyramidal cells; and backprojection inputs from the following cortical area. The neocortex performs three major types of computation: (1) unsupervised learning of new categories, by allocating neurons to respond to combinations of inputs from the preceding cortical stage, which can be performed using competitive learning; (2) short-term memory, which can be performed by an attractor network using the recurrent collaterals; and (3) recall of what has been learned by top–down backprojections from the following cortical area. There is only one type of excitatory neuron involved, pyramidal cells, with these three types of input. It is proposed, and tested by simulations of a neuronal network model, that pyramidal cells can implement all three types of learning simultaneously, and can subsequently usefully categorise the forward inputs; keep them active in short-term memory; and later recall the representations using the backprojection input. This provides a new approach to understanding how one type of excitatory neuron in the neocortex can implement these three major types of computation, and provides a conceptual advance in understanding how the cerebral neocortex may work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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17
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Abstract
The local recurrent collateral connections between cortical neurons provide a basis for attractor neural networks for memory, attention, decision-making, and thereby for many aspects of human behavior. In schizophrenia, a reduction of the firing rates of cortical neurons, caused for example by reduced NMDA receptor function or reduced spines on neurons, can lead to instability of the high firing rate attractor states that normally implement short-term memory and attention in the prefrontal cortex, contributing to the cognitive symptoms. Reduced NMDA receptor function in the orbitofrontal cortex by reducing firing rates may produce negative symptoms, by reducing reward, motivation, and emotion. Reduced functional connectivity between some brain regions increases the temporal variability of the functional connectivity, contributing to the reduced stability and more loosely associative thoughts. Further, the forward projections have decreased functional connectivity relative to the back projections in schizophrenia, and this may reduce the effects of external bottom-up inputs from the world relative to internal top-down thought processes. Reduced cortical inhibition, caused by a reduction of GABA neurotransmission, can lead to instability of the spontaneous firing states of cortical networks, leading to a noise-induced jump to a high firing rate attractor state even in the absence of external inputs, contributing to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In depression, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex non-reward attractor network system is over-connected and has increased sensitivity to non-reward, providing a new approach to understanding depression. This is complemented by under-sensitivity and under-connectedness of the medial orbitofrontal cortex reward system in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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18
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Cheng H, Liu J. Concurrent brain parcellation and connectivity estimation via co-clustering of resting state fMRI data: A novel approach. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2477-2489. [PMID: 33615651 PMCID: PMC8090776 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectional topography mapping has been gaining widespread attention in human brain imaging studies. However, existing methods might not effectively utilize the information from neuroimaging data, thus hindering the understanding of the underlying connectional organization in the brain and uncovering the optimal clustering number from the data. In this study, we propose a novel method for the automated construction of inherent functional connectivity topography in a data‐driven manner by leveraging the power of co‐clustering‐based on resting state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) data. We propose the co‐clustering‐based method not only for concurrently parcellating two interconnected brain regions of interest (ROIs) under consideration into functionally homogenous subregions, but also for estimating the connectivity between these subregions from the two brain ROIs. In particular, we first model the connectional topography mapping as a co‐clustering‐based bipartite graph partitioning problem for constructing the inherent functional connectivity topography between the two interconnected brain ROIs. We also adopt an objective criterion, that is, silhouette width index measuring clustering quality, for determining the optimal number of clusters. The proposed method has been validated for mapping thalamocortical connectional topography based on rs‐fMRI data of 57 subjects. Validation results have demonstrated that our method identified the optimal solution with five pairs of mutually connected subregions of the thalamocortical system from the rs‐fMRI data, and could yield more meaningful, interpretable, and homogenous connectional topography than existing methods. The proposed method was further validated by the high symmetry of the mapped connectional topography between two hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Cheng
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics & Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Institute of Education Development, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
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19
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Rolls ET, Cheng W, Feng J. Brain dynamics: the temporal variability of connectivity, and differences in schizophrenia and ADHD. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:70. [PMID: 33479201 PMCID: PMC7820440 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe advances in the understanding of brain dynamics that are important for understanding the operation of the cerebral cortex in health and disease. In data from 1017 participants from the Human Connectome Project, we show that early visual and connected areas have low temporal variability of their functional connectivity. We show that a low temporal variability of the connectivity of cortical areas is related to high mean functional connectivity between those areas, and provide an account of how these dynamics arise. We then investigate how these concepts help to understand brain dynamics in mental disorders. We find that in both first episode and long-term schizophrenia, reduced functional connectivity of early visual and related temporal cortex areas is associated with increased temporal variability of the functional connectivity, consistent with decreased stability of attractor networks related to sensory processing. In ADHD, we find these functional connectivities are increased and their temporal variability is decreased, and relate this to increased engagement with visual sensory input as manifest in high screen time usage in ADHD. We further show that these differences in the dynamics of the cortex in schizophrenia, and ADHD can be related to differences in the functional connectivity of the specific sensory vs. association thalamic nuclei. These discoveries help to advance our understanding of cortical operation in health, and in some mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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20
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Baajour SJ, Chowdury A, Thomas P, Rajan U, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Falco D, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Bressler S, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. Disordered directional brain network interactions during learning dynamics in schizophrenia revealed by multivariate autoregressive models. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3594-3607. [PMID: 32436639 PMCID: PMC7416040 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional network interactions underpin normative brain function in key domains including associative learning. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by altered learning dynamics, yet dysfunctional directional functional connectivity (dFC) evoked during learning is rarely assessed. Here, nonlinear learning dynamics were induced using a paradigm alternating between conditions (Encoding and Retrieval). Evoked fMRI time series data were modeled using multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) models, to discover dysfunctional direction interactions between brain network constituents during learning stages (Early vs. Late), and conditions. A functionally derived subnetwork of coactivated (healthy controls [HC] ∩ SCZ] nodes was identified. MVAR models quantified directional interactions between pairs of nodes, and coefficients were evaluated for intergroup differences (HC ≠ SCZ). In exploratory analyses, we quantified statistical effects of neuroleptic dosage on performance and MVAR measures. During Early Encoding, SCZ showed reduced dFC within a frontal–hippocampal–fusiform network, though during Late Encoding reduced dFC was associated with pathways toward the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). During Early Retrieval, SCZ showed increased dFC in pathways to and from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, though during Late Retrieval, patients showed increased dFC in pathways toward the dlPFC, but decreased dFC in pathways from the dlPFC. These discoveries constitute novel extensions of our understanding of task‐evoked dysconnection in schizophrenia and motivate understanding of the directional aspect of the dysconnection in schizophrenia. Disordered directionality should be investigated using computational psychiatric approaches that complement the MVAR method used in our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira J Baajour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dimitri Falco
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Luay Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffery A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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21
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Büetiger JR, Hubl D, Kupferschmid S, Schultze-Lutter F, Schimmelmann BG, Federspiel A, Hauf M, Walther S, Kaess M, Michel C, Kindler J. Trapped in a Glass Bell Jar: Neural Correlates of Depersonalization and Derealization in Subjects at Clinical High-Risk of Psychosis and Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:535652. [PMID: 33024435 PMCID: PMC7516266 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.535652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) are symptoms of a disruption of perceptual integration leading to an altered quality of subjective experiences such as feelings of unreality and detachment from the self (DP) or the surroundings (DR). Both DP and DR often occur in concert with other symptoms, for example in subjects at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, but also appear isolated in the form of DP/DR disorder. Despite evidence that DP/DR causes immense distress, little is known about their neurobiological underpinnings. Therefore, we investigated the neural correlates of DP/DR using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI. METHODS We evaluated the frequency of DP/DR symptoms in a clinical sample (N = 217) of help-seeking individuals from the Early Detection and Intervention Centre for Mental Crisis (CHR, n = 97; clinical controls (CC), n = 91; and first-episode psychosis (FEP), n = 29). Further, in a subsample of those CHR subjects who underwent MRI, we investigated the resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Here, individuals with (n = 21) and without (n = 23) DP/DR were contrasted. Finally, rCBF was measured in a small independent second sample of patients with DP/DR disorder (n = 6) and healthy controls (HC, n = 6). RESULTS In the complete clinical sample, significantly higher frequency of DP/DR was found in CHR compared to CC (50.5 vs. 16.5%; χ2 (2) = 24.218, p ≤ 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.359) as well as in FEP compared to CC (37.9 vs. 16.5%; χ2 (2) = 5.960, p = 0.015, Cramer's V = 0.223). In MRI, significantly lower rCBF was detected in the left orbitofrontal cortex in CHR with vs. without DP/DR (x/y/z = -16/42/-22, p < 0.05, FWE corrected). In patients with DP/DR disorder, significantly higher rCBF was detected in the left caudate nucleus (x/y/z = -18/-32/18, p < 0.05) compared to HC. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that DP/DR symptoms are frequently found in CHR subjects. Investigating two separate DP/DR populations with an identical neuroimaging technique, our study also indicates that there may be divergent pathophysiological mechanisms-decreased neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, but increased activity within the caudate nucleus-leading to a final common pathway with similar psychopathological symptoms. This suggests that both top-down (orbitofrontal cortex) and bottom-up (caudate nucleus) mechanisms could contribute to the emergence of DP/DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Büetiger
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Hubl
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Kupferschmid
- Integrated Psychiatric Services of Winterthur and Zurich Unterland (ipw), Winterthur , Switzerland
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benno G Schimmelmann
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martinus Hauf
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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de Bartolomeis A, Manchia M, Marmo F, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F, Barone A. Glycine Signaling in the Framework of Dopamine-Glutamate Interaction and Postsynaptic Density. Implications for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32477178 PMCID: PMC7240307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) or suboptimal response to antipsychotics affects almost 30% of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, and it is a relevant clinical issue with significant impact on the functional outcome and on the global burden of disease. Among putative novel treatments, glycine-centered therapeutics (i.e. sarcosine, glycine itself, D-Serine, and bitopertin) have been proposed, based on a strong preclinical rationale with, however, mixed clinical results. Therefore, a better appraisal of glycine interaction with the other major players of SCZ pathophysiology and specifically in the framework of dopamine - glutamate interactions is warranted. New methodological approaches at cutting edge of technology and drug discovery have been applied to study the role of glycine in glutamate signaling, both at presynaptic and post-synaptic level and have been instrumental for unveiling the role of glycine in dopamine-glutamate interaction. Glycine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a critical role in both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. In caudal areas of central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord and brainstem, glycine acts as a powerful inhibitory neurotransmitter through binding to its receptor, i.e. the Glycine Receptor (GlyR). However, glycine also works as a co-agonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission. Glycine concentration in the synaptic cleft is finely tuned by glycine transporters, i.e. GlyT1 and GlyT2, that regulate the neurotransmitter's reuptake, with the first considered a highly potential target for psychosis therapy. Reciprocal regulation of dopamine and glycine in forebrain, glycine modulation of glutamate, glycine signaling interaction with postsynaptic density proteins at glutamatergic synapse, and human genetics of glycinergic pathways in SCZ are tackled in order to highlight the exploitation of this neurotransmitters and related molecules in SCZ and TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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23
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Turova T, Rolls ET. Analysis of Biased Competition and Cooperation for Attention in the Cerebral Cortex. Front Comput Neurosci 2019; 13:51. [PMID: 31417386 PMCID: PMC6684760 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach to understanding the interaction between cortical areas is provided by a mathematical analysis of biased competition, which describes many interactions between cortical areas, including those involved in top-down attention. The analysis helps to elucidate the principles of operation of such cortical systems, and in particular the parameter values within which biased competition operates. The analytic results are supported by simulations that illustrate the operation of the system with parameters selected from the analysis. The findings provide a detailed mathematical analysis of the operation of these neural systems with nodes connected by feedforward (bottom-up) and feedback (top-down) connections. The analysis provides the critical value of the top-down attentional bias that enables biased competition to operate for a range of input values to the network, and derives this as a function of all the parameters in the model. The critical value of the top-down bias depends linearly on the value of the other inputs, but the coefficients in the function reveal non-linear relations between the remaining parameters. The results provide reasons why the backprojections should not be very much weaker than the forward connections between two cortical areas. The major advantage of the analytical approach is that it discloses relations between all the parameters of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Turova
- Mathematical Center, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.,IMPB - The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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