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Tsai MC, Barati MT, Kuppireddy VS, Beckerson WC, Long G, Perlin MH. Characterization of Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae Secreted Effector Proteins, Their Potential Host Targets, and Localization in a Heterologous Host Plant. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:262. [PMID: 38667933 PMCID: PMC11051474 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is an obligate fungal species colonizing the plant host, Silene latifolia. The fungus synthesizes and secretes effector proteins into the plant host during infection to manipulate the host for completion of the fungal lifecycle. The goal of this study was to continue functional characterization of such M. lychnidis-dioicae effectors. Here, we identified three putative effectors and their putative host-plant target proteins. MVLG_02245 is highly upregulated in M. lychnidis-dioicae during infection; yeast two-hybrid analysis suggests it targets a tubulin α-1 chain protein ortholog in the host, Silene latifolia. A potential plant protein interacting with MVLG_06175 was identified as CASP-like protein 2C1 (CASPL2C1), which facilitates the polymerization of the Casparian strip at the endodermal cells. Proteins interacting with MVLG_05122 were identified as CSN5a or 5b, involved in protein turnover. Fluorescently labelled MVLG_06175 and MVLG_05122 were expressed in the heterologous plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. MVLG_06175 formed clustered granules at the tips of trichomes on leaves and in root caps, while MVLG_05122 formed a band structure at the base of leaf trichomes. Plants expressing MVLG_05122 alone were more resistant to infection with Fusarium oxysporum. These results indicate that the fungus might affect the formation of the Casparian strip in the roots and the development of trichomes during infection as well as alter plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - Michelle T. Barati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Venkata S. Kuppireddy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - William C. Beckerson
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - Grace Long
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
| | - Michael H. Perlin
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.-C.T.); (V.S.K.);
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Yang H, Zhang X, Qiu X, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang G, Jia S, Shen X, Ye W, Yan Z. Fusarium Wilt Invasion Results in a Strong Impact on Strawberry Microbiomes. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4153. [PMID: 38140478 PMCID: PMC10747085 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant-endophytic microbes affect plant growth, development, nutrition, and resistance to pathogens. However, how endophytic microbial communities change in different strawberry plant compartments after Fusarium pathogen infection has remained elusive. In this study, 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to systematically investigate changes in the bacterial and fungal diversity and composition in the endophytic compartments (roots, stems, and leaves) of healthy strawberries and strawberries with Fusarium wilt, respectively. The analysis of the diversity, structure, and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities revealed a strong effect of pathogen invasion on the endophytic communities. The bacterial and fungal community diversity was lower in the Fusarium-infected endophytic compartments than in the healthy samples. The relative abundance of certain bacterial and fungal genera also changed after Fusarium wilt infection. The relative abundance of the beneficial bacterial genera Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Methylophilus, Sphingobium, Lactobacillus, and Streptomyces, as well as fungal genera Acremonium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma, were higher in the healthy samples than in the Fusarium wilt samples. The relative abundance of Fusarium in the infected samples was significantly higher than that in the healthy samples, consistent with the field observations and culture isolation results for strawberry wilt. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the isolation, identification, and control of strawberry wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Xiaohong Qiu
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China;
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Sizhen Jia
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiangqi Shen
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiming Yan
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
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