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Roy D, Vashisth A, Krishnan P, Mukherjee J, Meena MC, Biswakarma N, Rathore P, Bag K, Kumari S. Delayed sowing and its ramifications: biophysical, yield and quality analysis of wheat cultivars in the northwest Indo-Gangetic plains. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38597889 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous cultivation of rice-wheat in the same field is a key element of double-cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Yields of such cropping systems are increasingly challenged as climate change drives increases in temperature, terminal stress and uneven rainfall, delaying rice harvesting and subsequently delaying sowing of wheat. In this paper, we evaluate the optimum sowing dates to achieve high grain yield and quality of wheat cultivars in northwest India. Three cultivars of wheat, HD-2967, HD-3086 and PBW-723, were sown on three different dates at the research farm of ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, to generate different weather conditions at different phenological stages. Different biophysical attributes, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, were measured at different phenological stages. Yield and grain quality parameters such as protein, starch, amylopectin, amylose and gluten were measured in different cultivars sown on different dates. RESULTS Biophysical parameters were found to be higher in timely sown crops followed by late-sown and very late-sown crops. Further, the different sowing dates had a significant (P < 0.05) impact on the grain quality parameters such as protein, starch, amylopectin, amylose and gluten content. Percentage increases in the value of starch and amylose content under timely sown were ~7% and 11.6%, ~5% and 8.4%, compared to the very late-sown treatment. In contrast, protein and amylopectin contents were found to increase by ~9.7% and 7.5%, ~13.8% and 16.6% under very late-sown treatment. CONCLUSION High-temperature stress during the grain-filling periods significantly decreased the grain yield. Reduction in the grain yield was associated with a reduction in starch and amylose content in the grains. The protein content in the grains is less affected by terminal heat stress. Cultivar HD-3086 had higher growth, yield as well as quality parameters, compared to HD-2967 and PBW-723 in all treatments, hence could be adopted by farmers in northwest India. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Roy
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananta Vashisth
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prameela Krishnan
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Chand Meena
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Niraj Biswakarma
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Rathore
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Bag
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Lei K, Hu H, Chang M, Sun C, Ullah A, Yu J, Dong C, Gao Q, Jiang D, Cao W, Tian Z, Dai T. A low red/far-red ratio restricts nitrogen assimilation by inhibiting nitrate reductase associated with downregulated TaNR1.2 and upregulated TaPIL5 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:107850. [PMID: 38042099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological mechanism underlying nitrogen levels response to a low red/far-red ratio (R/FR) can provide new insights for optimizing wheat yield potential but has been not well documented. This study focused on the changes in nitrogen levels, nitrogen assimilation and nitrate uptake in wheat plants grown with and without additional far-red light. A low R/FR reduced wheat nitrogen accumulation and grain yield compared with the control. The levels of total nitrogen, free amino acid and ammonium were decreased in leaves but nitrate content was temporarily increased under a low R/FR. The nitrate reductase (NR) activity in leaves was more sensitive to a low R/FR than glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. Further analysis showed that a low R/FR had little effect on the NR activation state but reduced the level of NR protein and the expression of encoding gene TaNR1.2. Interestingly, a low R/FR rapidly induced TaPIL5 expression rather than TaHY5 and other members of TaPILs in wheat, suggesting that TaPIL5 was the key transcription factor response to a low R/FR in wheat and might be involved in the downregulation of TaNR1.2 expression. Besides, a low R/FR downregulated the expression of TaNR1.2 in leaves earlier than that of TaNRT1.1/1.2/1.5/1.8 in roots, which highlights the importance of NR and nitrogen assimilation in response to a low R/FR. Our results provide revelatory evidence that restricted nitrate reductase associated with downregulated TaNR1.2 and upregulated TaPIL5 mediate the suppression of nitrogen assimilation under a low R/FR in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Chang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Attiq Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaofeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Gudi S, Saini DK, Halladakeri P, Singh G, Singh S, Kaur S, Goyal P, Srivastava P, Mavi GS, Sharma A. Genome-wide association study unravels genomic regions associated with chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different sowing conditions. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:1453-1472. [PMID: 37338572 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome-wide association study identified 205 significant marker-trait associations for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in wheat. Candidate gene mining, in silico expression, and promoter analyses revealed the potential candidate genes associated with the studied parameters. The present study investigated the effect of varied sowing conditions (viz., early, timely, and late) on different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in diverse wheat germplasm set comprising of 198 lines over two cropping seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). Further, a genome-wide association study was conducted to identify potential genomic regions associated with these parameters. The results revealed significant impacts of sowing conditions on all fluorescence parameters, with the maximum and minimum effects on FI (26.64%) and FV/FM (2.12%), respectively. Among the 205 marker-trait associations (MTAs) identified, 11 high-confidence MTAs were chosen, exhibiting substantial effects on multiple fluorescence parameters, and each explaining more than 10% of the phenotypic variation. Through gene mining of genomic regions encompassing high-confidence MTAs, we identified a total of 626 unique gene models. In silico expression analysis revealed 42 genes with an expression value exceeding 2 TPM. Among them, 10 genes were identified as potential candidate genes with functional relevance to enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. These genes mainly encoded for the following important proteins/products-ankyrin repeat protein, 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur-binding domain, NADH-ubiquinone reductase complex-1 MLRQ subunit, oxidoreductase FAD/NAD(P)-binding, photosystem-I PsaF, and protein kinases. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of light-responsive (viz., GT1-motif, TCCC-motif, I-box, GT1-motif, TCT-motif, and SP-1) and stress-responsive (viz., ABRE, AuxRR-core, GARE-motif, and ARE) cis-regulatory elements, which may be involved in the regulation of identified putative candidate genes. Findings from this study could directly help wheat breeders in selecting lines with favorable alleles for chlorophyll fluorescence, while the identified markers will facilitate marker-assisted selection of potential genomic regions for improved photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gudi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2122, USA
| | - Priyanka Halladakeri
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Texas A&M University, AgriLife Research at Beaumont, College Station, TX, 77713, USA
| | - Satinder Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Prinka Goyal
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - G S Mavi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Achla Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Ma C, Lin L, Yang J, Liu F, Berrettoni M, Zhang K, Liu N, Zhang H. Mechanisms of lead uptake and accumulation in wheat grains based on atmospheric deposition-soil sources. Sci Total Environ 2023; 885:163845. [PMID: 37146818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) accumulation in wheat grains depends on two aspects: i) Pb uptake by the roots and shoots, and ii) the translocation of organ Pb into the grain. However, the underlying mechanism of the uptake and transport of Pb in wheat remains unclear. This study explored this mechanism by establishing field leaf-cutting comparison treatments. Interestingly, as the organ with the highest Pb concentration, only 20.40 % of the root's relative contribution to grain Pb. The relative contributions of the spike, flag leaf, second leaf, and third leaf to grain Pb were 33.13 %, 23.57 %, 13.21 %, and 9.69 %, respectively, which was opposite to their Pb concentration distribution trends. According to Pb isotope analysis, it was found leaf-cutting treatments reduced the proportion of atmospheric Pb in grain, and grain Pb predominantly comes from atmospheric deposition (79.60 %). Furthermore, from the bottom to the top, the concentration of Pb in internodes decreased gradually, and the proportions of Pb originating from soil in the nodes also decreased, revealing that wheat nodes hindered the translocation of Pb from roots and leaves to the grain. Therefore, the hindering effect of nodes on the migration of soil Pb in wheat resulted in atmospheric Pb having a more convenient pathway to the grain than soil Pb, and further leading grain Pb accumulation primarily depended on the contribution of the flag leaf and spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Mario Berrettoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
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5
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Liu P, Yin B, Liu X, Gu L, Guo J, Yang M, Zhen W. Optimizing plant spatial competition can change phytohormone content and promote tillering, thereby improving wheat yield. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1147711. [PMID: 36993839 PMCID: PMC10040448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As an important type of interplant competition, line-spacing shrinkage and row-spacing expansion (LSRE) can increase the number of tillers and improve resource utilization efficiency in wheat. Wheat tillering is closely related to various phytohormones. However, it is unclear whether LSRE regulates phytohormones and their relationship to tillering and wheat yield. This study evaluated tillering characteristics, phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage, and grain yield factors for the winter wheat variety Malan1. We used a two-factor randomized block trial design with two sowing spacings of 15 cm (15RS, conventional treatment) and 7.5 cm (7.5RS, LSRE treatment) at the same density and three sowing-date groups (SD1, SD2, and SD3). LSRE significantly promoted wheat tillering and biomass at the pre-winter stage (average increases of 14.5% and 20.9% in the three sowing-date groups, respectively) and shortened the accumulated temperature required for a single tiller. Changes in the levels of phytohormones, including decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat. LSRE treatment can improve crop yield by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and grain weight. Our results clarified the changes in tillering and phytohormones content of winter wheat under LSRE treatment and their correlation with grain yield. This study also provides insights into the physiological mechanisms of alleviating inter-plant competition to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Baozhong Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Limin Gu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jinkao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
- Wheat Research Center, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuan, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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Lei K, Tan Q, Zhu L, Xu L, Yang S, Hu J, Gao L, Hou P, Shao Y, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T, Tian Z. Low red/far-red ratio can induce cytokinin degradation resulting in the inhibition of tillering in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:971003. [PMID: 36570939 PMCID: PMC9773260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is inhibited by a low red/far-red ratio (R/FR). Prior studies have shown that the R/FR suppressed Arabidopsis thaliana branching by promotes bud abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation directly. Given that wheat tiller buds are wrapped in leaf sheaths and may not respond rapidly to a R/FR, systemic cytokinin (CTK) may be more critical. Here, systemic hormonal signals including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA) and CTK and bud ABA signals in wheat were tested under a low R/FR. The results showed that a low R/FR reduced the percentage of tiller occurrence of tiller IV and the tiller number per plant. The low R/FR did not rapidly induced ABA accumulation in the tiller IV because of the protection of the leaf sheath and had little effect on IAA content and signaling in the tiller nodes. The significant change in the CTK levels was observed earlier than those of other hormone (ABA, IAA and GA) and exogenous cytokinin restored the CTK levels and tiller number per plant under low R/FR conditions. Further analysis revealed that the decrease in cytokinin levels was mainly associated with upregulation of cytokinin degradation genes (TaCKX5, TaCKX11) in tiller nodes. In addition, exposure to a decreased R/FR upregulated the expression of GA biosynthesis genes (TaGA20ox1, TaGA3ox2), resulting in elevated GA levels, which might further promote CTK degradation in tiller nodes and inhibit tillering. Therefore, our results provide evidence that the enhancement of cytokinin degradation is a novel mechanism underlying the wheat tillering response to a low R/FR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Libing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhang Shao
- National Agricultural Exhibition Center (China Agricultural Museum), Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chen Y, Wang K, Chen H, Yang H, Zheng T, Huang X, Fan G. Simultaneously genetic selection of wheat yield and grain protein quality in rice-wheat and soybean-wheat cropping systems through critical nitrogen efficiency-related traits. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:899387. [PMID: 36247613 PMCID: PMC9558111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing the contribution of nitrogen (N) uptake and its utilization in grain yield and protein quality-related traits in rice-wheat (RW) and soybean-wheat (SW) cropping systems is essential for simultaneous improvements in the two target traits. A field experiment with nine wheat genotypes was conducted in 2018-19 and 2019-20 cropping years to investigate N uptake and utilization-related traits associated with high wheat yield and good protein quality. Results showed that N uptake efficiency (NUpE) in the RW cropping system and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) in the SW cropping system explained 77.6 and 65.2% of yield variation, respectively, due to the contribution of fertile spikes and grain number per spike to grain yield varied depending on soil water and N availability in the two rotation systems. Lower grain protein content in the RW cropping system in comparison to the SW cropping system was mainly related to lower individual N accumulation at maturity, resulting from higher fertile spikes, rather than N harvest index (NHI). However, NHI in the SW cropping system accounted for greater variation in grain protein content. Both gluten index and post-anthesis N uptake were mainly affected by genotype, and low gluten index caused by high post-anthesis N uptake may be related to the simultaneous increase in kernel weight. N remobilization process associated with gluten quality was driven by increased sink N demand resulting from high grain number per unit area in the RW cropping system; confinement of low sink N demand and source capability resulted in low grain number per spike and water deficit limiting photosynthesis of flag leaf in the SW cropping system. CY-25 obtained high yield and wet gluten content at the expense of gluten index in the two wheat cropping systems, due to low plant height and high post-anthesis N uptake and kernel weight. From these results, we concluded that plant height, kernel weight, and post-anthesis N uptake were the critically agronomic and NUE-related traits for simultaneous selection of grain yield and protein quality. Our research results provided useful guidelines for improving both grain yield and protein quality by identifying desirable N-efficient genotypes in the two rotation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haolan Chen
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongkun Yang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaoqiong Fan
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Dreccer MF, Zwart AB, Schmidt RC, Condon AG, Awasi MA, Grant TJ, Galle A, Bourot S, Frohberg C. Wheat yield potential can be maximized by increasing red to far-red light conditions at critical developmental stages. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2652-2670. [PMID: 35815553 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of neighbours via the Red to Far-Red light ratio (R:FR) may exert a cap to yield potential in wheat. The effects of an increased R:FR inside the canopy were studied in dense wheat mini canopies grown in controlled environments by lowering FR. To distinguish between effects exerted by light sensing and assimilate supply, the treatments were complemented with elevated CO2 , applied between different developmental timepoints to specifically impact tillering, spike growth, floret fertility and grain filling, in different combinations. The yield response to high R:FR was strongly dependent on the developmental stage in all three cultivars and pivoted between positive if applied after the start of stem elongation, and negative or null if applied before. Yield gains of up to 70% and 120% were observed, respectively, in two cultivars, associated with a higher number of tiller spikes and grains per spike in the main shoot. The response to the combination of high R:FR and elevated CO2 or CO2 alone were cultivar dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that R:FR exerts a significant control on yield potential in wheat and achieving a high R:FR from stem elongation to maturity is a promising lever towards a significant increase in grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec B Zwart
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Australia
| | | | | | - Mary A Awasi
- CSIRO Cooper Laboratory, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, Australia
| | - Terry J Grant
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Saint Lucia, Australia
| | - Alexander Galle
- BASF Innovation Center Gent, BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephane Bourot
- BASF Innovation Center Gent, BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Gent, Belgium
| | - Claus Frohberg
- BASF Innovation Center Gent, BASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Gent, Belgium
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Dong S, Zhang X, Chu J, Zheng F, Fei L, Dai X, He M. Optimized seeding rate and nitrogen topdressing ratio for simultaneous improvement of grain yield and bread-making quality in bread wheat sown on different dates. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:360-369. [PMID: 34143446 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sowing date, seeding rate, and nitrogen (N) topdressing ratio have strong effects on grain yield (GY) and bread-making quality (BQ) in bread wheat. Simultaneous improvement in GY and BQ in bread wheat has long been a challenge due to the inverse relationship between GY and grain protein concentration (GPC). In this study, we investigated whether the GY and BQ of bread wheat sown on different dates could be improved simultaneously by optimizing the seeding rate and the N topdressing ratio. RESULTS Delaying sowing beyond a certain period led to decreases in both GY and BQ. Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio enhanced the N uptake during pre- and post-anthesis, as well as N remobilization during grain filling for all wheat plants sown on different dates, thereby increasing the GPC and the total N per grain (Ntot ). Consequently, grain protein composition was improved, resulting in an increased glutenin/gliadin ratio, sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble glutenin/total glutenin (i.e., glutenin polymerization index), and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit/ low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS/LMW-GS) ratio. Increased GPC and improved grain protein composition enhanced BQ. CONCLUSION The mechanism underlying simultaneous improvement in GY and GPC as well as Ntot was the greater increase in N accumulation in grains per unit area relative to increases in GY, or total grain number per unit area. The GY and BQ can be improved simultaneously regardless of sowing date by optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio via enhanced N uptake and N remobilization into grains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Dong
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Chu
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Feina Zheng
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Fei
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong He
- National Key Lab. of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
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10
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Liu K, Zhang C, Guan B, Yang R, Liu K, Wang Z, Li X, Xue K, Yin L, Wang X. The effect of different sowing dates on dry matter and nitrogen dynamics for winter wheat: an experimental simulation study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11700. [PMID: 35070513 PMCID: PMC8759384 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Timely sowing is an important agronomic measure to ensure the normal germination, stable seedling establishment, and yield formation for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Delayed sowing frequently occurs in the current multi-cropping system and mechanized production of this crop. However, the ways in which different sowing dates affect yield and its potential mechanism is still unknown in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin. We sought to provide a theoretical basis for these mechanisms to improve regional wheat production. Methods We investigated the wheat’s yield differences in a two-year field study under different sowing dates and took into account related growth characteristics including meteorological conditions, growth period, tillers, dry matter accumulation (DMA), and nitrogen accumulation (NA). We used the logistic curve model to simulate DMA and NA dynamics of single stem wheat under different sowing dates. We then analyzed and compared wheat accumulation for different sowing dates. Results Our results showed that grain yield declined by 0.97 ± 0.22% with each one-day change (either early or delayed) in sowing beyond the normal sowing date. The yield loss could be explained by the inhibition of crop growth, yield components, biomass and nitrogen (N) production. The negative effects of delayed sowing were caused by environmental limitations including adverse weather factors such as low temperature during vegetative growth, shortened duration of various phases of crop development, and increased temperature during the grain-filling period. The grain yield gap decreased between the late and normal sowing periods owing to a compensatory effect between the highest average rates (Vt) and the rapid accumulation period (T) of DMA and NA for single stem wheat. The grain yield was maintained at 6,000 kg ha−1 or more when the ratio of DMA at the mature-to-jointing stage (MD/JD) and the ratio of NA at the mature-to-jointing stage (MN/JN) was 4.06 (P < 0.01) and 2.49 (P < 0.05), respectively. The compensatory effect did not prevent the impact caused by delayed sowing, which caused biomass and N production to decrease. Physiological development reached a maximal accumulation rate (Tm) of NA earlier than DMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Liu
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Beibei Guan
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Wang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Keyin Xue
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Marcos-Barbero EL, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Arellano JB, Morcuende R. Screening for Higher Grain Yield and Biomass among Sixty Bread Wheat Genotypes Grown under Elevated CO 2 and High-Temperature Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081596. [PMID: 34451641 PMCID: PMC8401911 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Global warming will inevitably affect crop development and productivity, increasing uncertainty regarding food production. The exploitation of genotypic variability can be a promising approach for selecting improved crop varieties that can counteract the adverse effects of future climate change. We investigated the natural variation in yield performance under combined elevated CO2 and high-temperature conditions in a set of 60 bread wheat genotypes (59 of the 8TH HTWSN CIMMYT collection and Gazul). Plant height, biomass production, yield components and phenological traits were assessed. Large variations in the selected traits were observed across genotypes. The CIMMYT genotypes showed higher biomass and grain yield when compared to Gazul, indicating that the former performed better than the latter under the studied environmental conditions. Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses revealed that the 60 wheat genotypes employed different strategies to achieve final grain yield, highlighting that the genotypes that can preferentially increase grain and ear numbers per plant will display better yield responses under combined elevated levels of CO2 and temperature. This study demonstrates the success of the breeding programs under warmer temperatures and the plants' capacity to respond to the concurrence of certain environmental factors, opening new opportunities for the selection of widely adapted climate-resilient wheat genotypes.
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Estendorfer J, Stempfhuber B, Vestergaard G, Schulz S, Rillig M, Joshi J, Schröder P, Schloter M. Definition of Core Bacterial Taxa in Different Root Compartments of Dactylis glomerata, Grown in Soil under Different Levels of Land Use Intensity. Diversity 2020; 12:392. [DOI: 10.3390/d12100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated bacterial assemblages are critical for plant fitness. Thus, identifying a consistent plant-associated core microbiome is important for predicting community responses to environmental changes. Our target was to identify the core bacterial microbiome of orchard grass Dactylis glomerata L. and to assess the part that is most sensitive to land management. Dactylis glomerata L. samples were collected from grassland sites with contrasting land use intensities but comparable soil properties at three different timepoints. To assess the plant-associated bacterial community structure in the compartments rhizosphere, bulk soil and endosphere, a molecular barcoding approach based on high throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used. A distinct composition of plant-associated core bacterial communities independent of land use intensity was identified. Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium were ubiquitously found in the root bacterial core microbiome. In the rhizosphere, the majority of assigned genera were Rhodoplanes, Methylibium, Kaistobacter and Bradyrhizobium. Due to the frequent occurrence of plant-promoting abilities in the genera found in the plant-associated core bacterial communities, our study helps to identify “healthy” plant-associated bacterial core communities. The variable part of the plant-associated microbiome, represented by the fluctuation of taxa at the different sampling timepoints, was increased under low land use intensity. This higher compositional variation in samples from plots with low land use intensity indicates a more selective recruitment of bacteria with traits required at different timepoints of plant development compared to samples from plots with high land use intensity.
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Li M, Chang L, Cheng H, Chai S, Yang D. Dynamic responses of accumulation and remobilization of water soluble carbohydrates in wheat stem to drought stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:262-270. [PMID: 32784106 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Remobilization of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) can supply crucial carbon resources for grain filling against drought stress. Here, spatiotemporal variations in post-anthesis WSC levels and compensatory effects for grain weight from different internodes of the main stem were investigated, when exposed two wheat genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance to drought-stressed and well-watered conditions. Analysis of variance revealed that stem WSC levels were predominantly affected by days after anthesis, water stress and their interactions. Compared with well-watered conditions, the peak time of WSC levels was curtailed by 7-14 days in drought-stressed plants. Drought stress highly promoted WSC levels (ca. 20-30%) in upper internodes during the early period of grain filling, but significantly reduced WSC levels (ca. 40-90%) in all internodes during the late period. The drought-tolerant genotype LJ196 was more superior in WSC partitioning than the drought-prone genotype XD18, due to its stronger capacity for stem WSC remobilization, especially for pre-anthesis reserves under drought stress. This was associated with a better grain filling and compensation to the loss of grain weight. The WSC levels induced by drought stress formed a high-to-low concentration gradient from the lower to the upper internodes. Presumably, it might favorably drive WSC flux from stem to developing kernels, indicative of higher WSC remobilization efficiency generally in lower internodes than in upper ones. These findings provide the well-understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of post-anthesis WSC accumulation and remobilization along stem internodes and their roles in the wheat grain-filling process under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shouxi Chai
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; School of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Delong Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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Sadras VO, Fereres E, Borrás L, Garzo E, Moreno A, Araus JL, Fereres A. Aphid Resistance: An Overlooked Ecological Dimension of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Cereals. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:937. [PMID: 32670330 PMCID: PMC7330127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonstructural carbohydrates in cereals have been widely investigated from physiological, genetic, and breeding perspectives. Nonstructural carbohydrates may contribute to grain filling, but correlations with yield are inconsistent and sometimes negative. Here we ask if there are hidden functions of nonstructural carbohydrates, advance an ecological dimension to this question, and speculate that high concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates may challenge the osmotic homeostasis of aphids, thus providing a working hypothesis that connects nonstructural carbohydrates with aphid resistance in cereals. In the light of this proposition, the amount and concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates should be regarded as functionally different traits, with amount relevant to the carbon economy of the crop and concentration playing an osmotic role. We conclude with suggestions for experiments to test our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elias Fereres
- IAS-CSIC, Cordoba, Spain
- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lucas Borrás
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Garzo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Araus
- Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
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15
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Larue F, Fumey D, Rouan L, Soulié JC, Roques S, Beurier G, Luquet D. Modelling tiller growth and mortality as a sink-driven process using Ecomeristem: implications for biomass sorghum ideotyping. Ann Bot 2019; 124:675-690. [PMID: 30953443 PMCID: PMC6821234 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant modelling can efficiently support ideotype conception, particularly in multi-criteria selection contexts. This is the case for biomass sorghum, implying the need to consider traits related to biomass production and quality. This study evaluated three modelling approaches for their ability to predict tiller growth, mortality and their impact, together with other morphological and physiological traits, on biomass sorghum ideotype prediction. METHODS Three Ecomeristem model versions were compared to evaluate whether tillering cessation and mortality were source (access to light) or sink (age-based hierarchical access to C supply) driven. They were tested using a field data set considering two biomass sorghum genotypes at two planting densities. An additional data set comparing eight genotypes was used to validate the best approach for its ability to predict the genotypic and environmental control of biomass production. A sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the impact of key genotypic parameters and define optimal parameter combinations depending on planting density and targeted production (sugar and fibre). KEY RESULTS The sink-driven control of tillering cessation and mortality was the most accurate, and represented the phenotypic variability of studied sorghum genotypes in terms of biomass production and partitioning between structural and non-structural carbohydrates. Model sensitivity analysis revealed that light conversion efficiency and stem diameter are key traits to target for improving sorghum biomass within existing genetic diversity. Tillering contribution to biomass production appeared highly genotype and environment dependent, making it a challenging trait for designing ideotypes. CONCLUSIONS By modelling tiller growth and mortality as sink-driven processes, Ecomeristem could predict and explore the genotypic and environmental variability of biomass sorghum production. Its application to larger sorghum genetic diversity considering water deficit regulations and its coupling to a genetic model will make it a powerful tool to assist ideotyping for current and future climatic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Larue
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, PAM, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lauriane Rouan
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, PAM, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Soulié
- CIRAD, UR Recycling & Risk, Montpellier, France
- Recycling & Risk Unit, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Roques
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, PAM, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégory Beurier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, PAM, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Luquet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, PAM, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Lecarpentier C, Barillot R, Blanc E, Abichou M, Goldringer I, Barbillon P, Enjalbert J, Andrieu B. WALTer: a three-dimensional wheat model to study competition for light through the prediction of tillering dynamics. Ann Bot 2019; 123:961-975. [PMID: 30629113 PMCID: PMC6589517 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Branching is a main morphogenetic process involved in the adaptation of plants to the environment. In grasses, tillering is divided into three phases: tiller emergence, cessation of tillering and tiller regression. Understanding and prediction of the tillering process is a major challenge to better control cereal yields. In this paper, we present and evaluate WALTer, an individual-based model of wheat built on simple self-adaptive rules for predicting the tillering dynamics at contrasting sowing densities. METHODS WALTer simulates the three-dimensional (3-D) development of the aerial architecture of winter wheat. Tillering was modelled using two main hypotheses: (H1) a plant ceases to initiate new tillers when a critical Green Area Index (GAIc) is reached, and (H2) the regression of a tiller occurs if its interception of light is below a threshold (PARt). The development of vegetative organs follows descriptive rules adapted from the literature. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter on tillering and GAI dynamics. WALTer was parameterized and evaluated using an initial dataset providing an extensive description of GAI dynamics, and another dataset describing tillering dynamics under a wide range of sowing densities. KEY RESULTS Sensitivity analysis indicated the predominant importance of GAIc and PARt. Tillering and GAI dynamics of expt 1 were well fit by WALTer. Once calibrated based on the agronomic density of expt 2, tillering parameters allowed an adequate prediction of tillering dynamics at contrasting sowing densities. CONCLUSIONS Using simple rules and a small number of parameters, WALTer efficiently simulated the wheat tillering dynamics observed at contrasting densities in experimental data. These results show that the definition of a critical GAI and a threshold of PAR is a relevant way to represent, respectively, cessation of tillering and tiller regression under competition for light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lecarpentier
- GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Blanc
- GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Mariem Abichou
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Isabelle Goldringer
- GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Enjalbert
- GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Bruno Andrieu
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Yang D, Cai T, Luo Y, Wang Z. Optimizing plant density and nitrogen application to manipulate tiller growth and increase grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in winter wheat. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6484. [PMID: 30828492 PMCID: PMC6396748 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of wheat tillers and plant nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) will gradually deteriorate in response to high plant density and over-application of N. Therefore, in this study, a 2-year field study was conducted with three levels of plant densities (75 ×104plants ha−1, D1; 300 ×104plants ha−1, D2; 525 ×104plants ha−1, D3) and three levels of N application rates (120 kg N ha−1, N1; 240 kg N ha−1, N2; 360 kg N ha−1, N3) to determine how to optimize plant density and N application to regulate tiller growth and to assess the contribution of such measures to enhancing grain yield (GY) and NUE. The results indicated that an increase in plant density significantly increased the number of superior tillers and the number of spikes per m2(SN), resulting in a higher GY and higher partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN). However, there was no significant difference in GY and PFPN between plant densities D2 and D3. Increasing the N application rate significantly increased the vascular bundle number (NVB) and area (AVB), however, excess N application (N3) did not significantly improve these parameters. N application significantly increased GY, whereas there was a significant decrease in PFPN in response to an increase in N application rate. The two years results suggested that increasing the plant density (from 75 ×104plants ha−1to 336 ×104plants ha−1) in conjunction with the application of 290 kg N ha−1N will maximize GY, and also increase PFPN(39.7 kg kg−1), compared with the application of 360 kg N ha−1N. Therefore, an appropriate combination of increased planting density with reduced N application could regulate tiller number and favor the superior tiller group, to produce wheat populations with enhanced yield and NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Cai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Luo
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Ovenden B, Milgate A, Wade LJ, Rebetzke GJ, Holland JB. Accounting for Genotype-by-Environment Interactions and Residual Genetic Variation in Genomic Selection for Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Concentration in Wheat. G3 (Bethesda) 2018; 8:1909-1919. [PMID: 29661842 PMCID: PMC5982820 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress tolerance traits are often complex and recalcitrant targets for conventional breeding improvement in many crop species. This study evaluated the potential of genomic selection to predict water-soluble carbohydrate concentration (WSCC), an important drought tolerance trait, in wheat under field conditions. A panel of 358 varieties and breeding lines constrained for maturity was evaluated under rainfed and irrigated treatments across two locations and two years. Whole-genome marker profiles and factor analytic mixed models were used to generate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for specific environments and environment groups. Additive genetic variance was smaller than residual genetic variance for WSCC, such that genotypic values were dominated by residual genetic effects rather than additive breeding values. As a result, GEBVs were not accurate predictors of genotypic values of the extant lines, but GEBVs should be reliable selection criteria to choose parents for intermating to produce new populations. The accuracy of GEBVs for untested lines was sufficient to increase predicted genetic gain from genomic selection per unit time compared to phenotypic selection if the breeding cycle is reduced by half by the use of GEBVs in off-season generations. Further, genomic prediction accuracy depended on having phenotypic data from environments with strong correlations with target production environments to build prediction models. By combining high-density marker genotypes, stress-managed field evaluations, and mixed models that model simultaneously covariances among genotypes and covariances of complex trait performance between pairs of environments, we were able to train models with good accuracy to facilitate genetic gain from genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ovenden
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco NSW 2703, Australia
| | - Andrew Milgate
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Len J Wade
- Charles Sturt University, Graham Centre, Wagga Wagga NSW 2678, Australia
| | | | - James B Holland
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and North Carolina State University Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
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Giunta F, De Vita P, Mastrangelo AM, Sanna G, Motzo R. Environmental and Genetic Variation for Yield-Related Traits of Durum Wheat as Affected by Development. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29403518 PMCID: PMC5778143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenology has a profound effect on adaptation and productivity of crops. The impact of phenology on tillering and fertility traits of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum Desf.) was evaluated with the aim of specifying which group of flowering genes (Vrn, Ppd, or eps) was involved in their control. A recombinant inbred line population was grown under four contrasting conditions of vernalization and daylength. Phenotyping was carried out according to robust phenological models dissecting both phenological and yield related traits. Whole-genome profiling was performed using the DArT-Seq technology. The genetic variability for tillering was mainly related to the genetic variability for vernalization sensitivity, as shown by the many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified in non-vernalized plants associated to both tillering and phenological traits. No effects of photoperiod sensitivity on spikelet number were detected in short-day-grown plants, apparently because of limited genetic variability in photoperiod sensitivity of the population. Earliness per se was involved in control of spikelet number via final leaf number, with these traits genetically correlated and sharing some QTLs. Chaff weight and number of kernels per g chaff were negatively associated and related to anthesis date under most conditions. QTL mapping uncovered novel loci involved in phenological control of tillering and fertility traits, and confirmed the presence of several well-established loci. Phenotyping of both phenology and kernel number according to a robust physiological model amplified the possibility of identifying genetic factors underlying their variations. Also, isolating known flowering gene cues by manipulation of environmental conditions provided the opportunity for each group of genes to be expressed without confounding effects of the others. This information helps to predict the consequences of either genetic manipulation of flowering genes and changes in environmental conditions on the potential yield of durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giunta
- Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna M. Mastrangelo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosella Motzo
- Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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20
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Martre P, Dambreville A. A Model of Leaf Coordination to Scale-Up Leaf Expansion from the Organ to the Canopy. Plant Physiol 2018; 176:704-716. [PMID: 29142024 PMCID: PMC5761778 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Process-based crop growth models are popular tools with which to analyze and understand the impact of crop management, genotype-by-environment interactions, or climate change. The ability to predict leaf area development is critical to predict crop growth, particularly under conditions of limited resources. Here, we aimed at deciphering growth coordination rules between wheat (Triticum aestivum) plant organs (i.e. between leaves within a stem, between laminae and sheaths, and between the mainstem and axillary tillers) to model the dynamics of canopy development. We found a unique relationship between laminae area and leaf rank for the mainstem and its tillers, which was robust across a range of sowing dates and plant densities. Robust relationships between laminae and sheath areas also were found, highlighting the tight control of organ growth within and between phytomers. These relationships identified at the phytomer scale were used to develop a simulation model of leaf area dynamics at the canopy level that was integrated in the wheat model SiriusQuality. The model was then evaluated using several independent experiments. The model accurately predicts leaf area dynamics under different scenarios of nitrogen and water limitations. It accounted for 85%, 64%, and 73% of the variability of the surface area of leaf cohorts, total leaf area index, and total green area index, respectively. The process-based model of the dynamics of leaf area described here is a key element to quantify the value of candidate traits for use in plant breeding and to project the impact of climate change on wheat growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Martre
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Anaelle Dambreville
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
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21
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Ovenden B, Milgate A, Lisle C, Wade LJ, Rebetzke GJ, Holland JB. Selection for water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation and investigation of genetic × environment interactions in an elite wheat breeding population. Theor Appl Genet 2017; 130:2445-2461. [PMID: 28852799 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation can be selected in wheat breeding programs with consideration of genetic × environmental interactions and relationships with other important characteristics such as relative maturity and nitrogen concentration, although the correlation between WSC traits and grain yield is low and inconsistent. The potential to increase the genetic capacity for water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation is an opportunity to improve the drought tolerance capability of rainfed wheat varieties, particularly in environments where terminal drought is a significant constraint to wheat production. A population of elite breeding germplasm was characterized to investigate the potential for selection of improved WSC concentration and total amount in water deficit and well-watered environments. Accumulation of WSC involves complex interactions with other traits and the environment. For both WSC concentration (WSCC) and total WSC per area (WSCA), strong genotype × environment interactions were reflected in the clear grouping of experiments into well-watered and water deficit environment clusters. Genetic correlations between experiments were high within clusters. Heritability for WSCC was larger than for WSCA, and significant associations were observed in both well-watered and water deficit experiment clusters between the WSC traits and nitrogen concentration, tillering, grains per m2, and grain size. However, correlations between grain yield and WSCC or WSCA were weak and variable, suggesting that selection for these traits is not a better strategy for improving yield under drought than direct selection for yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ovenden
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Private Mail Bag, Yanco, NSW, 2703, Australia.
| | - Andrew Milgate
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Private Mail Bag, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Chris Lisle
- National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Len J Wade
- Charles Sturt University, Graham Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Greg J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - James B Holland
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7620, USA
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22
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Duan T, Chapman SC, Holland E, Rebetzke GJ, Guo Y, Zheng B. Dynamic quantification of canopy structure to characterize early plant vigour in wheat genotypes. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:4523-34. [PMID: 27312669 PMCID: PMC4973728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Early vigour is an important physiological trait to improve establishment, water-use efficiency, and grain yield for wheat. Phenotyping large numbers of lines is challenging due to the fast growth and development of wheat seedlings. Here we developed a new photo-based workflow to monitor dynamically the growth and development of the wheat canopy of two wheat lines with a contrasting early vigour trait. Multiview images were taken using a 'vegetation stress' camera at 2 d intervals from emergence to the sixth leaf stage. Point clouds were extracted using the Multi-View Stereo and Structure From Motion (MVS-SFM) algorithm, and segmented into individual organs using the Octree method, with leaf midribs fitted using local polynomial function. Finally, phenotypic parameters were calculated from the reconstructed point cloud including: tiller and leaf number, plant height, Haun index, phyllochron, leaf length, angle, and leaf elongation rate. There was good agreement between the observed and estimated leaf length (RMSE=8.6mm, R (2)=0.98, n=322) across both lines. Significant contrasts of phenotyping parameters were observed between the two lines and were consistent with manual observations. The early vigour line had fewer tillers (2.4±0.6) and larger leaves (308.0±38.4mm and 17.1±2.7mm for leaf length and width, respectively). While the phyllochron of both lines was quite similar, the non-vigorous line had a greater Haun index (more leaves on the main stem) on any date, as the vigorous line had slower development of its first two leaves. The workflow presented in this study provides an efficient method to phenotype individual plants using a low-cost camera (an RGB camera is also suitable) and could be applied in phenotyping for applications in both simulation modelling and breeding. The rapidity and accuracy of this novel method can characterize the results of specific selection criteria (e.g. width of leaf three, number of tillers, rate of leaf appearance) that have been or can now be utilized to breed for early leaf growth and tillering in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - S C Chapman
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - E Holland
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - G J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Y Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - B Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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23
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del Pozo A, Yáñez A, Matus IA, Tapia G, Castillo D, Sanchez-Jardón L, Araus JL. Physiological Traits Associated with Wheat Yield Potential and Performance under Water-Stress in a Mediterranean Environment. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:987. [PMID: 27458470 PMCID: PMC4936474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different physiological traits have been proposed as key traits associated with yield potential as well as performance under water stress. The aim of this paper is to examine the genotypic variability of leaf chlorophyll, stem water-soluble carbohydrate content and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ(13)C), and their relationship with grain yield (GY) and other agronomical traits, under contrasting water conditions in a Mediterranean environment. The study was performed on a large collection of 384 wheat genotypes grown under water stress (WS, rainfed), mild water stress (MWS, deficit irrigation), and full irrigation (FI). The average GY of two growing seasons was 2.4, 4.8, and 8.9 Mg ha(-1) under WS, MWS, and FI, respectively. Chlorophyll content at anthesis was positively correlated with GY (except under FI in 2011) and the agronomical components kernels per spike (KS) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The WSC content at anthesis (WSCCa) was negatively correlated with spikes per square meter (SM2), but positively correlated with KS and TKW under WS and FI conditions. As a consequence, the relationships between WSCCa with GY were low or not significant. Therefore, selecting for high stem WSC would not necessary lead to genotypes of GY potential. The relationship between Δ(13)C and GY was positive under FI and MWS but negative under severe WS (in 2011), indicating higher water use under yield potential and MWS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro del Pozo
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria, Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Universidad de TalcaTalca, Chile
| | - Alejandra Yáñez
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria, Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Universidad de TalcaTalca, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del MauleCuricó, Chile
| | - Iván A. Matus
- Centro Regional Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones AgropecuariasChillán, Chile
| | - Gerardo Tapia
- Centro Regional Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones AgropecuariasChillán, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- Centro Regional Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones AgropecuariasChillán, Chile
| | | | - José L. Araus
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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24
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Fitzgerald GJ, Tausz M, O'Leary G, Mollah MR, Tausz-Posch S, Seneweera S, Mock I, Löw M, Partington DL, McNeil D, Norton RM. Elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:2269-84. [PMID: 28715112 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 [CO2 ], which is expected to rise from about 400 μmol mol(-1) in 2015 to 550 μmol mol(-1) by 2050. Changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]) are well documented for some environments, but field-level responses in dryland Mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. The Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility was established to compare wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and yield under ambient (~370 μmol(-1) in 2007) and e[CO2 ] (550 μmol(-1) ) in semi-arid environments. Experiments were undertaken at two dryland sites (Horsham and Walpeup) across three years with two cultivars, two sowing times and two irrigation treatments. Mean yield stimulation due to e[CO2 ] was 24% at Horsham and 53% at Walpeup, with some treatment responses greater than 70%, depending on environment. Under supplemental irrigation, e[CO2 ] stimulated yields at Horsham by 37% compared to 13% under rainfed conditions, showing that water limited growth and yield response to e[CO2 ]. Heat wave effects were ameliorated under e[CO2 ] as shown by reductions of 31% and 54% in screenings and 10% and 12% larger kernels (Horsham and Walpeup). Greatest yield stimulations occurred in the e[CO2 ] late sowing and heat stressed treatments, when supplied with more water. There were no clear differences in cultivar response due to e[CO2 ]. Multiple regression showed that yield response to e[CO2 ] depended on temperatures and water availability before and after anthesis. Thus, timing of temperature and water and the crop's ability to translocate carbohydrates to the grain postanthesis were all important in determining the e[CO2 ] response. The large responses to e[CO2 ] under dryland conditions have not been previously reported and underscore the need for field level research to provide mechanistic understanding for adapting crops to a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Fitzgerald
- Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic., 3401, Australia
| | - Michael Tausz
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, Vic., 3363, Australia
| | - Garry O'Leary
- Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic., 3401, Australia
| | - Mahabubur R Mollah
- Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic., 3401, Australia
| | - Sabine Tausz-Posch
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, Vic., 3363, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia
| | - Ivan Mock
- Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic., 3401, Australia
- Dodgshun Medlin Agricultural Management, 348 Campbell St, Swan Hill, Vic., 3585, Australia
| | - Markus Löw
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, Vic., 3363, Australia
| | - Debra L Partington
- Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Hamilton Centre, Mount Napier Road, Hamilton, Vic., 3300, Australia
| | - David McNeil
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
| | - Robert M Norton
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, Vic., 3363, Australia
- International Plant Nutrition Institute, 54 Florence St, Horsham, Vic., Australia
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25
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Dong Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Yan J, Liu J, Wen W, Zhang Y, Jing R, Xia X, He Z. Cloning of TaSST genes associated with water soluble carbohydrate content in bread wheat stems and development of a functional marker. Theor Appl Genet 2016; 129:1061-70. [PMID: 26883047 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We cloned TaSST genes, developed a gene-specific marker for TaSST-D1, and identified three QTL in the Doumai/Shi 4185 RIL population. TaSST-D1 is within one of the three QTL. Sucrose:sucrose-1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST), a critical enzyme in the fructan biosynthetic pathway, is significantly and positively associated with water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content in bread wheat stems. In the present study, wheat 1-SST genes (TaSST) were isolated and located on chromosomes 4A, 7A and 7D. Sequence analysis of TaSST-D1 revealed 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the third exon between cultivars with higher and lower WSC content. A cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker, WSC7D, based on the polymorphism at position 1216 (C-G) was developed to discriminate the two alleles. WSC7D was located on chromosome 7DS using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a Doumai/Shi 4185 cross, and a set of Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic lines. TaSST-D1 co-segregated with the CAPS marker WSC7D and was linked to SNP marker BS00108793_51 on chromosome 7DS at a genetic distance of 6.1 cM. It explained 8.8, 10.9, and 11.3% of the phenotypic variances in trials at Beijing and Shijiazhuang as well as the averaged data from those environments, respectively. Two additional QTL (QWSC.caas-4BS and QWSC.caas-7AS) besides TaSST-D1 were mapped in the RIL population. One hundred and forty-nine Chinese wheat cultivars and advanced lines tested in four environments were used to validate a highly significant (P < 0.01) association between WSC7D and WSC content in wheat stems. WSC7D can be used as a gene-specific marker for improvement of stem WSC content in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggui Xiao
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Cotton Research Institute, CAAS, Huanghedadao, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Weie Wen
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhonghu He
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China
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26
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Bourgault M, James AT, Dreccer MF. Pot size matters revisited: does container size affect the response to elevated CO 2 and our ability to detect genotypic variability in this response in wheat? Funct Plant Biol 2016; 44:52-61. [PMID: 32480546 DOI: 10.1071/fp16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) in wheat, although few have evaluated the potential of genotypic variability in the response. Such studies are the next logical step in wheat climate change adaptation research, and they will require the evaluation of large numbers of genotypes. For practical reasons the preliminary studies are most likely to be conducted in controlled environments. There have been concerns that the root restriction related to container-grown plants can influence (1) the response to eCO2, (2) the detection of genotypic variability for various traits of interest, and (3) the ability to find the genotypes most responsive to eCO2. In the present study we evaluated two sizes of container - 1.4L pots and 7.5L columns - side-by side in a glasshouse environment and found that for 14 of 23 traits observed environment effects (ambient CO2, eCO2 or eCO2 and high temperature) were not consistent between plants grown in pots and in columns. More importantly, of the 21 traits showing genotypic variability, only 8 showed consistent genotype differences and rankings across both container types. Statistical analyses conducted separately for plants grown in pots or in columns showed different cultivars as being the most responsive to elevated CO2 and would thus, have led to different conclusions. This study is intended as a message of caution to controlled environment experimenters: using small containers can artificially create conditions that could either hide or overly express genotypic variability in some traits in response to eCO2 compared with what might be expected in larger containers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Bourgault
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Andrew T James
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - M Fernanda Dreccer
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Cooper Laboratory, Warrego Highway, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
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27
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Del Pozo A, Yáñez A, Matus IA, Tapia G, Castillo D, Sanchez-Jardón L, Araus JL. Physiological Traits Associated with Wheat Yield Potential and Performance under Water-Stress in a Mediterranean Environment. Front Plant Sci 2016. [PMID: 27458470 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2014.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Different physiological traits have been proposed as key traits associated with yield potential as well as performance under water stress. The aim of this paper is to examine the genotypic variability of leaf chlorophyll, stem water-soluble carbohydrate content and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ(13)C), and their relationship with grain yield (GY) and other agronomical traits, under contrasting water conditions in a Mediterranean environment. The study was performed on a large collection of 384 wheat genotypes grown under water stress (WS, rainfed), mild water stress (MWS, deficit irrigation), and full irrigation (FI). The average GY of two growing seasons was 2.4, 4.8, and 8.9 Mg ha(-1) under WS, MWS, and FI, respectively. Chlorophyll content at anthesis was positively correlated with GY (except under FI in 2011) and the agronomical components kernels per spike (KS) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The WSC content at anthesis (WSCCa) was negatively correlated with spikes per square meter (SM2), but positively correlated with KS and TKW under WS and FI conditions. As a consequence, the relationships between WSCCa with GY were low or not significant. Therefore, selecting for high stem WSC would not necessary lead to genotypes of GY potential. The relationship between Δ(13)C and GY was positive under FI and MWS but negative under severe WS (in 2011), indicating higher water use under yield potential and MWS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Del Pozo
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria, Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Universidad de Talca Talca, Chile
| | - Alejandra Yáñez
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria, Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Universidad de TalcaTalca, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del MauleCuricó, Chile
| | - Iván A Matus
- Centro Regional Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Chillán, Chile
| | - Gerardo Tapia
- Centro Regional Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Chillán, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- Centro Regional Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Chillán, Chile
| | - Laura Sanchez-Jardón
- Centro Universitario de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes Coyhiaque, Chile
| | - José L Araus
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Xie Q, Mayes S, Sparkes DL. Optimizing tiller production and survival for grain yield improvement in a bread wheat × spelt mapping population. Ann Bot 2016; 117:51-66. [PMID: 26424785 PMCID: PMC4701148 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tiller production and survival determine final spike number, and play key roles in grain yield formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum). This study aimed to understand the genetic and physiological basis of the tillering process, and its trade-offs with other yield components, by introducing genetic variation in tillering patterns via a mapping population of wheat × spelt (Triticum spelta). METHODS The dynamics of tillering and red/far-red ratio (R:FR) at the base of a canopy arising from neighbouring plants in a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Forno') × spelt (Triticum spelta 'Oberkulmer') mapping population were measured in the field in two growing seasons. Additional thinning and shading experiments were conducted in the field and glasshouse, respectively. Yield components were analysed for all experiments, followed by identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with each trait. KEY RESULTS Large genetic variation in tillering was observed, and more fertile shoots per plant were associated with more total shoots initiated, faster tillering rate, delayed tillering onset and cessation, and higher shoot survival. A total of 34 QTL for tillering traits were identified, and analysis of allelic effects confirmed the above associations. Low R:FR was associated with early tillering cessation, few total shoots, high infertile shoot number and shoot abortion, and these results concurred with the thinning and shading experiments. These effects probably resulted from an assimilate shortage for tiller buds or developing tillers, due to early stem elongation and enhanced stem growth induced by low R:FR. More fertile tillers normally contributed to plant yield and grain number without reducing yield and grain set of individual shoots. However, there was a decrease in grain weight, partly because of smaller carpels and fewer stem water-soluble carbohydrates at anthesis caused by pleiotropy or tight gene linkages. CONCLUSIONS Tillering is under the control of both genetic factors and R:FR. Genetic variation in tillering and tolerance to low R:FR can be used to optimize tillering patterns for yield improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sean Mayes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Debbie L Sparkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Abstract
Grain number per spike, which is greatly influenced by floret fertility, is an important trait of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Maximum floret primordia, fertile floret, and final grain number per spikelet are three crucial factors of floret fertility. Floral degradation plays a critical role in determining these three floret fertility-related traits. Twelve hexaploid spring wheat genotypes were selected to investigate the influence of detillering on floral degradation and floret fertility-related traits in the field and greenhouse. Notably, the green anther stage was found to consistently have the maximum floret primordia number. Visible floral degradation, however, was observed to occur at several floral developmental stages, specifically from green anther stage to anthesis. Detillering was able to delay floral degradation in most cases and was evidently highly associated with increased maximum floret primordia, fertile floret, and final grain number per spikelet, with only a few exceptions. Thermal time required for each floral developmental stage was overall not influenced by detillering. These data hereby reveal a predominant spikelet fertility pattern along the spike in which the number of fertile florets per spikelet at anthesis becomes developmentally confined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Guo
- HEISENBERG Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- HEISENBERG Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
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Parent B, Shahinnia F, Maphosa L, Berger B, Rabie H, Chalmers K, Kovalchuk A, Langridge P, Fleury D. Combining field performance with controlled environment plant imaging to identify the genetic control of growth and transpiration underlying yield response to water-deficit stress in wheat. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5481-92. [PMID: 26179580 PMCID: PMC4585424 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield in low-rainfall environments is a complex trait under multigenic control that shows significant genotype×environment (G×E) interaction. One way to understand and track this trait is to link physiological studies to genetics by using imaging platforms to phenotype large segregating populations. A wheat population developed from parental lines contrasting in their mechanisms of yield maintenance under water deficit was studied in both an imaging platform and in the field. We combined phenotyping methods in a common analysis pipeline to estimate biomass and leaf area from images and then inferred growth and relative growth rate, transpiration, and water-use efficiency, and applied these to genetic analysis. From the 20 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) found for several traits in the platform, some showed strong effects, accounting for between 26 and 43% of the variation on chromosomes 1A and 1B, indicating that the G×E interaction could be reduced in a controlled environment and by using dynamic variables. Co-location of QTLs identified in the platform and in the field showed a possible common genetic basis at some loci. Co-located QTLs were found for average growth rate, leaf expansion rate, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency from the platform with yield, spike number, grain weight, grain number, and harvest index in the field. These results demonstrated that imaging platforms are a suitable alternative to field-based screening and may be used to phenotype recombinant lines for positional cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Parent
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Lance Maphosa
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Bettina Berger
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Huwaida Rabie
- University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Ken Chalmers
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Alex Kovalchuk
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Delphine Fleury
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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31
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Zhang B, Li W, Chang X, Li R, Jing R. Effects of favorable alleles for water-soluble carbohydrates at grain filling on grain weight under drought and heat stresses in wheat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102917. [PMID: 25036550 PMCID: PMC4103880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought, heat and other abiotic stresses during grain filling can result in reductions in grain weight. Conserved water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) at early grain filling play an important role in partial compensation of reduced carbon supply. A diverse population of 262 historical winter wheat accessions was used in the present study. There were significant correlations between 1000-grain weight (TGW) and four types of WSC, viz. (1) total WSC at the mid-grain filling stage (14 days after flowering) produced by leaves and non-leaf organs; (2) WSC contributed by current leaf assimilation during the mid-grain filling; (3) WSC in non-leaf organs at the mid-grain filling, excluding the current leaf assimilation; and (4) WSC used for respiration and remobilization during the mid-grain filling. Association and favorable allele analyses of 209 genome-wide SSR markers and the four types of WSC were conducted using a mixed linear model. Seven novel favorable WSC alleles exhibited positive individual contributions to TGW, which were verified under 16 environments. Dosage effects of pyramided favorable WSC alleles and significantly linear correlations between the number of favorable WSC alleles and TGW were observed. Our results suggested that pyramiding more favorable WSC alleles was effective for improving both WSC and grain weight in future wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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de Mezer M, Turska-Taraska A, Kaczmarek Z, Glowacka K, Swarcewicz B, Rorat T. Differential physiological and molecular response of barley genotypes to water deficit. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 80:234-48. [PMID: 24811679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes in physiological parameters (relative water content (RWC), biomass, water use efficiency (WUE), net photosynthetic yield (PN) and quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm)), in proline and sugar content, and expression profile of genes reported to be associated with the barley response to water deficit, including LEA genes, NHX1, Hsdr4, BLT101 and genes encoding transcription factors (HvDREB1, HvABF1, HvABI5 and HvZIP1), were analyzed in seedlings of nine barley genotypes subjected to a progressive increase in water deficit. Seedlings of all genotypes wilted when the soil water content (SWC) declined from 65% (control conditions) to 10% (severe drought conditions), but recovered turgor within a few hours of re-watering. However, when severe drought conditions were prolonged for a week, large differences in survival characteristics were observed between genotypes after re-watering. Multivariate analysis of the changes in physiological and molecular characteristics allowed several different homogenous groups within the genotypes to be distinguished, depending on stress intensity. Furthermore, integration between the stress-response traits was found and was shown to vary depending on the genotype and the stress level. Based on analysis of physiological traits and survival characteristics, two barley genotypes with high adaptability to the stress conditions (cv. Saida and breeding line Cam/B1), and two with low adaptability (cv. Express and breeding line Harmal), were identified. In addition, only changes in expression of the genes HvZIP1, encoding a b-ZIP-type transcription factor, and Hsdr4, encoding a protein of unknown function, were shown to be linked with adaptability of barley to water deficit. In summary, physiological and molecular data revealed large, stress-level-dependent differences between the barley cultivars and breeding lines tested in their response to water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz de Mezer
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Turska-Taraska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Kaczmarek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Glowacka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Swarcewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 64-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Rorat
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
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33
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Dreccer MF, Wockner KB, Palta JA, McIntyre CL, Borgognone MG, Bourgault M, Reynolds M, Miralles DJ. More fertile florets and grains per spike can be achieved at higher temperature in wheat lines with high spike biomass and sugar content at booting. Funct Plant Biol 2014; 41:482-495. [PMID: 32481007 DOI: 10.1071/fp13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of processes regulating wheat floret and grain number at higher temperatures is required to better exploit genetic variation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that at higher temperatures, a reduction in floret fertility is associated with a decrease in soluble sugars and this response is exacerbated in genotypes low in water soluble carbohydrates (WSC). Four recombinant inbred lines contrasting for stem WSC were grown at 20/10°C and 11h photoperiod until terminal spikelet, and then continued in a factorial combination of 20/10°C or 28/14°C with 11h or 16h photoperiod until anthesis. Across environments, High WSC lines had more grains per spike associated with more florets per spike. The number of fertile florets was associated with spike biomass at booting and, by extension, with glucose amount, both higher in High WSC lines. At booting, High WSC lines had higher fixed 13C and higher levels of expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and sucrose transport and lower in sucrose degradation compared with Low WSC lines. At higher temperature, the intrinsic rate of floret development rate before booting was slower in High WSC lines. Grain set declined with the intrinsic rate of floret development before booting, with an advantage for High WSC lines at 28/14°C and 16h. Genotypic and environmental action on floret fertility and grain set was summarised in a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernanda Dreccer
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Cooper Laboratory, PO Box 863, University of Queensland, Warrego Highway, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Kimberley B Wockner
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Cooper Laboratory, PO Box 863, University of Queensland, Warrego Highway, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | | | - C Lynne McIntyre
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - M Gabriela Borgognone
- Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Leslie Research Facility, 13 Holberton Street, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
| | - Maryse Bourgault
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | | | - Daniel J Miralles
- Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET and IFEVA, Av. San Martin 4453, (C 1417 DSE) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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34
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Mitchell JH, Rebetzke GJ, Chapman SC, Fukai S. Evaluation of reduced-tillering (tin) wheat lines in managed, terminal water deficit environments. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:3439-51. [PMID: 23873998 PMCID: PMC3733158 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Small or shrivelled wheat kernels (screenings) that reduce crop value are commonly produced in terminal drought environments. The aim of this study was to establish whether the incorporation of the tiller inhibition (tin) gene would contribute to maintenance of kernel weight and reductions in screenings under terminal water deficit. Five Silverstar near-isogenic lines contrasting in high and low tiller potential and their recurrent Silverstar parent were established at two plant densities under managed terminal water deficit (mild and severe) and irrigated conditions. With irrigation (grain yield of 5.6 t ha(-1)), kernels of all lines weighed ~31 mg, with restricted-tillering (R-tin) lines producing an average 15% lower grain yield. Under both mild and severe terminal water deficit (4.1 t ha(-1) and 2.8 t ha(-1)), free-tillering lines had relatively high screenings ranging from 11.9% to 16.2%. Compared with free-tillering lines, R-tin lines maintained large kernel weight (~29 mg kernel(-1)) and had 29% and 51% fewer screenings under the two stresses, and a significantly greater (+11%) grain yield under mild stress. Higher kernel weights in tin lines were realized even with the greater kernel number per spike. The higher kernel weight of the R-tin lines under stress conditions was associated with greater anthesis biomass and increased stem water-soluble carbohydrates, ensuring more assimilate for later translocation to filling grain. The incorporation of the tin gene into genetic material adapted to the target environments provides scope for improvement in both grain yield and kernel weight, and a reduction in screenings in terminal water deficit environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Mitchell
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia 4067 Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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