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Faizullin B, Dayanova I, Strelnik I, Kholin K, Nizameev I, Gubaidullin A, Voloshina A, Gerasimova T, Kashnik I, Brylev K, Sibgatullina G, Samigullin D, Petrov K, Musina E, Karasik A, Mustafina A. pH-Driven Intracellular Nano-to-Molecular Disassembly of Heterometallic [Au 2L 2]{Re 6Q 8} Colloids (L = PNNP Ligand; Q = S 2- or Se 2-). Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12183229. [PMID: 36145017 PMCID: PMC9505965 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work introduces a simple, electrostatically driven approach to engineered nanomaterial built from the highly cytotoxic [Au2L2]2+ complex (Au2, L = 1,5-bis(p-tolyl)-3,7-bis(pyridine-2-yl)-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (PNNP) ligand) and the pH-sensitive red-emitting [{Re6Q8}(OH)6]4- (Re6-Q, Q = S2- or Se2-) cluster units. The protonation/deprotonation of the Re6-Q unit is a prerequisite for the pH-triggered assembly of Au2 and Re6-Q into Au2Re6-Q colloids, exhibiting disassembly in acidic (pH = 4.5) conditions modeling a lysosomal environment. The counter-ion effect of polyethylenimine causes the release of Re6-Q units from the colloids, while the binding with lysozyme restricts their protonation in acidified conditions. The enhanced luminescence response of Re6-S on the disassembly of Au2Re6-S colloids in the lysosomal environment allows us to determine their high lysosomal localization extent through the colocalization assay, while the low luminescence of Re6-Se units in the same conditions allows us to reveal the rapture of the lysosomal membrane through the use of the Acridine Orange assay. The lysosomal pathway of the colloids, followed by their endo/lysosomal escape, correlates with their cytotoxicity being on the same level as that of Au2 complexes, but the contribution of the apoptotic pathway differentiates the cytotoxic effect of the colloids from that of the Au2 complex arisen from the necrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Kirill Kholin
- Department of Nanotechnology in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irek Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aidar Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilya Kashnik
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3 Academician Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Brylev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3 Academician Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Guzel Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Institute for Radio-Electronics and Telecommunications, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elvira Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Asiya Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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Sukhanova A, Bozrova S, Gerasimovich E, Baryshnikova M, Sokolova Z, Samokhvalov P, Guhrenz C, Gaponik N, Karaulov A, Nabiev I. Dependence of Quantum Dot Toxicity In Vitro on Their Size, Chemical Composition, and Surface Charge. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12162734. [PMID: 36014600 PMCID: PMC9416395 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots (QDs) are of great interest for researchers and have potential use in various applications in biomedicine, such as in vitro diagnostics, molecular tracking, in vivo imaging, and drug delivery. Systematic analysis of potential hazardous effects of QDs is necessary to ensure their safe use. In this study, we obtained water-soluble core/shell QDs differing in size, surface charge, and chemical composition of the core. All the synthesized QDs were modified with polyethylene glycol derivatives to obtain outer organic shells protecting them from degradation. The physical and chemical parameters were fully characterized. In vitro cytotoxicity of the QDs was estimated in both normal and tumor cell lines. We demonstrated that QDs with the smallest size had the highest in vitro cytotoxicity. The most toxic QDs were characterized by a low negative surface charge, while positively charged QDs were less cytotoxic, and QDs with a greater negative charge were the least toxic. In contrast, the chemical composition of the QD core did not noticeably affect the cytotoxicity in vitro. This study provides a better understanding of the influence of the QD parameters on their cytotoxicity and can be used to improve the design of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona Sukhanova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Svetlana Bozrova
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniia Gerasimovich
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Baryshnikova
- Laboratory of Experimental Diagnostics and Biotherapy of Tumors, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zinaida Sokolova
- Laboratory of Experimental Diagnostics and Biotherapy of Tumors, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Samokhvalov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Chris Guhrenz
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
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Liu H, Liu H, Liu H, Zhang D, Wang Q, Li S, Cao Y, Li Q. Study on the genetic damage caused by cadmium sulfide quantum dots in human lymphocytes. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:463-472. [PMID: 35949484 PMCID: PMC9096230 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) are being developed for sensors, fluorescent probes, and other platforms and are attracting increasing attention. Given the growing demand for QDs, it is clear that there is a need to understand their potential toxicity to organisms. However, little is known regarding the genotoxicity of CdS QDs to humans. Therefore, this study used CdS QDs as the research object, cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and randomly divided them into a control group, CdS I group (CdS QDs), and CdS II group (CdS QDs coated with thioglycolic acid). After cultivation, we measured the olive tail distance, tail length, tail DNA%, lymphocyte micronucleus rate, and aneuploid rate. The comet test results indicated that the indices of the QD group were significantly larger than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests showed that the lymphocyte micronucleus rate and chromosome aneuploid rate in the QD group were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, CdS QDs have certain genotoxicity to human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the DNA damage caused by CdS QDs encapsulated with thioglycolic acid is less severe than that caused by nonencapsulated CdS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University , No. 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Scientific Research Department, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Qingzhao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
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Demir E, Demir FT, Marcos R. Drosophila as a Suitable In Vivo Model in the Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2022; 1357:275-301. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Özkan Vardar D, Aydin S, Hocaoğlu İ, Yağci Acar H, Başaran N. An In Vitro Study on the Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Sulfide Quantum Dots Coated with Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic Acid. Turk J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:282-291. [PMID: 32454726 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.85619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Silver sulfide (Ag2S) quantum dots (QDs) are highly promising nanomaterials in bioimaging systems due to their high activities for both imaging and drug/gene delivery. There is insufficient research on the toxicity of Ag2S QDs coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). In this study, we aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag2S QDs coated with DMSA in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells over a wide range of concentrations (5-2000 μg/mL). Materials and Methods Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. The genotoxic and apoptotic effects of DMSA/Ag2S QDs were also assessed by comet assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, respectively. Results Cell viability was 54.0±4.8% and 65.7±4.1% at the highest dose (2000 μg/mL) of Ag2S QDs using the MTT and NRU assays, respectively. Although cell viability decreased above 400 μg/mL (MTT assay) and 800 μg/mL (NRU assay), DNA damage was not induced by DMSA/Ag2S QDs at the studied concentrations. The mRNA expression levels of p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, and survivin genes were altered in the cells exposed to 500 and 1000 μg/mL DMSA/Ag2S QDs. Conclusion The cytotoxic effects of DMSA/Ag2S QDs may occur at high doses through the apoptotic pathways. However, DMSA/Ag2S QDs appear to be biocompatible at low doses, making them well suited for cell labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Özkan Vardar
- Hitit University, Sungurlu Vocational High School, Health Programs, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Aydin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hocaoğlu
- Koç University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yağci Acar
- Koç University, College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nursen Başaran
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
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Park JS, Yi SW, Kim HJ, Oh HJ, Lee JS, Go M, Shim SH, Park KH. Verification of Long-Term Genetic Stability of hMSCs during Subculture after Internalization of Sunflower-Type Nanoparticles (SF-NPs). Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5548-5561. [PMID: 30555563 PMCID: PMC6276296 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: For many years, researchers have sought to overcome major challenges in the use of nanoparticles as therapeutics, including issues related to intracellular delivery, biocompatibility, and activation. In particular, the genetic stability of cells treated with nanoparticles has become increasingly important in the context of stem cell therapy. Methods: Functional nanoparticles (Sunflower typed nanoparticles; SF-NPs) were fabricated by coating heparin pluronic F127 gels with quantum dot nanoparticles (QDs), and then bound the SOX9 gene to the QD nanogels. The resultant nanoparticles were transferred into stem cells, and the effect on genetic stability was monitored. To determinate gene delivery efficacy and long-term genomic stability of cells transfected with QD nanogels, hMSCs were transfected with nanogels at passage 4 (T1; Transfected cells 1) and then sub-cultured to passage of (T4). Following transplantation of transfected T1-T4 cells, the cells were monitored by in vivo imaging. The genetic stability of cells treated with nanoparticles was confirmed by chromosomal analysis, copy number variation (CNV) analysis, and mRNA profiling. Results: After 21 days of pellet culture after sub-culture from T1 to T4, hMSCs treated with QD nanogels complexed with SOX9 plasmid DNA (pDNA) significantly increased expression of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) polysaccharides and glycoproteins, as determined by Safranin O and Alcian blue staining. Moreover, the T4 hMSCs expressed higher levels of specific proteins, including collagen type II (COLII) and SOX9, than P4 hMSCs, with no evidence of DNA damage or genomic malfunction. Microarray analysis confirmed expression of genes specific to matured chondrocytes. Stem cells that internalized nanoparticles at the early stage retained genetic stability, even after passage. In in vivo studies in rats, neuronal cartilage formation was observed in damaged lesions 6 weeks after transplantation of T1 and T4 cells. The degree of differentiation into chondrocytes in the cartilage defect area, as determined by mRNA and protein expression of COLII and SOX9, was higher in rats treated with SF-NPs. Conclusion: The QD nanogels used in this study, did not affect genome integrity during long-term subculture, and are thus suitable for multiple theranostic applications.
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Li Y, Doak SH, Yan J, Chen DH, Zhou M, Mittelstaedt RA, Chen Y, Li C, Chen T. Factors affecting the in vitro micronucleus assay for evaluation of nanomaterials. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:151-159. [PMID: 27567283 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of in vitro methodologies have been used to assess the genotoxicity of different nanomaterials, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The in vitro micronucleus assay is one of the most commonly used test methods for genotoxicity evaluation of nanomaterials. However, due to the novel features of nanomaterials, such as high adsorption capacity and fluorescence properties, there are unexpected interactions with experimental components and detection systems. In this study, we evaluate the interference by two nanoparticles, AgNPs and TiO2 NPs, with the in vitro micronucleus assay system and possible confounding factors affecting cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of the nanomaterials including cell lines with different p53 status, nanoparticle coatings and fluorescence, cytochalasin B, fetal bovine serum in cell treatment medium and different measurement methodologies for detecting micronuclei. Our results showed that micronucleus induction by AgNPs was similar when evaluated using flow cytometry or microscope, whereas the induction by TiO2 NPs was different using the two methods due to TiO2's fluorescence interference with the cytometry equipment. Cells with the mutated p53 gene were more sensitive to micronucleus induction by AgNPs than the p53 wild-type cells. The presence of serum during treatment increased the toxicity of AgNPs. The coatings of nanoparticles played an important role in the genotoxicity of AgNPs. These collective data highlight the importance of considering the unique properties of nanoparticles in assessing their genotoxicity using the in vitro micronucleus assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.,Covance Laboratories Inc. 671 S. Meridian Rd., Greenfield, IN 46140, USA
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - David H Chen
- Columbia College, Columbia University in the City of New York, 2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA and
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Roberta A Mittelstaedt
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA,
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