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Du M, Xuan W, Zhen X, He L, Lan L, Yang S, Wu N, Qin J, Zhao R, Qin J, Lan J, Lu H, Liang C, Li Y, R Hamblin M, Huang L. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for oral Candida infection in adult AIDS patients: A pilot clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102310. [PMID: 33901690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue (MB) plus potassium iodide (KI) has been shown to be effective in killing Candida albicans in many in vitro and in vivo studies, however, there are limited reports of clinical investigations. This study aimed to explore the clinical application of aPDT with MB plus KI for the treatment of oral infection caused by C. albicans in adult acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS A total of 21 adult AIDS patients with C. albicans oral candidiasis were divided into two groups according to MB concentration and received two consecutive aPDT treatments. Immediately before and after the aPDT treatments, C. albicans yeast isolates were recovered to measure the colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL), biofilm formation, and to analyze the 25S rDNA genotype. Patients were assessed for the clinical recovery of oral lesions and improvement of symptoms. RESULTS The Log10 CFU/mL of C. albicans decreased significantly after the second aPDT but not the first aPDT. There was no significant difference between the two MB concentrations. Both aPDT protocols decreased the oral lesions and clinical symptoms with no significant difference after 2-fraction aPDT. The biofilm formation of C. albicans isolates did not change before and after aPDT. The killing efficiency of 2-fraction-aPDT was not associated with either biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Two-fraction-aPDT with MB plus KI could reduce the number of viable C. albicans fungal cells and improve the clinical symptoms of oral candidiasis in adult AIDS patients, regardless of the biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype of infected C. albicans isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530201, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lina Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Nianning Wu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jinmei Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jianglong Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jian Lan
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Huan Lu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Cuijin Liang
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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