1
|
Bordin D, Livzan M. History of chronic gastritis: How our perceptions have changed. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1851-1858. [PMID: 38659477 PMCID: PMC11036504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i13.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the diagnostic strategy for chronic gastritis (CG) is aimed not just at fixing the presence of gastric mucosal inflammation, but also at gastric cancer (GC) risk stratification in a particular patient. Modern classification approach with the definition of the stage of gastritis determines the need, activities and frequency of dynamic monitoring of a patient. However, this attitude to the patient suffering from CG was far from always. The present publication is a literature review describing the key milestones in the history of CG research, from the description of the first observations of inflammation of the gastric mucosa, assessment of gastritis as a predominantly functional disease, to the advent of endoscopy of the upper digestive tract and diagnostic gastric biopsy, assessment of the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in progression of inflammatory changes to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bordin
- Department of Pancreatic, Biliary and Upper GI Tract Diseases, A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow 111123, Russia
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, Russian University of Medicine, Moscow 127006, Russia
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine, Tver State Medical University, Tver 170100, Russia
| | - Maria Livzan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Omsk State Medical University, Omsk 644099, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bordin DS, Shengelia MI, Ivanova VA, Voynovan IN. The history of the discovery of the Helicobacter pylori. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:283-288. [PMID: 36286752 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining. The presence of a microorganism in humans was described more than a century ago, but from detection to recognition of its role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases of the stomach, researchers had to overcome a long path of criticism and mistrust. Coiled bacteria have been mentioned several times in the medical literature, but these bacteria were thought to be contaminants, and any evidence of the bacteria in the stomach was ignored by the medical community. The discovery of H. pylori led to a revolutionary rethinking of the mechanisms of development of a number of diseases: the role of bacteria in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, stomach cancer and MALT lymphoma was proved. The principles of their prevention and treatment have changed. For this discovery in 2005, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hessein RMM, Mahfouz TA, Said AM, Elsherbeny FA. Helicobacter pylori inversely related to clinical and functional severity of adult asthma. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 2017; 66:571-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
4
|
Mentese A, Fidan E, Alver A, Demir S, Yaman SO, Sumer A, Fidan S, Kavgaci H, Turan I. Detection of autoantibodies against carbonic anhydrase I and II in the plasma of patients with gastric cancer. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:73-7. [PMID: 28680333 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.67320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death and gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer type worldwide. Investigation of autoantibodies in cancer patients has been a popular research area in recent years. The aim of the current study was to investigate carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA I and II) autoantibodies in the plasma of subjects with gastric cancer based on the information and considerations of autoimmune relation of gastric cancer. Anti-CA I and II antibody levels were investigated by ELISA in plasma samples of fifty two patients with gastric cancer and thirty five healthy peers. Anti-CA I and II antibody titers of the gastric cancer group were significantly higher compared with the control group (p = 0.004, p = 0.0001, respectively). Plasma anti-CA I levels of the metastatic group were lower than the non-metastatic group and this difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between plasma anti-CA II levels of the groups. CA I and II autoantibody titers in patients with gastric cancer were found higher compared to healthy subjects and the results suggest that these autoantibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mazaheri Assadi M, Chamanrokh P, Whitehouse CA, Huq A. Methods for Detecting the Environmental Coccoid Form of Helicobacter pylori. Front Public Health 2015; 3:147. [PMID: 26075197 PMCID: PMC4446911 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the most common pathogen to cause gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. The organisms are found in two forms: (1) spiral-shaped bacillus and (2) coccoid. H. pylori coccoid form, generally found in the environment, is the transformed form of the normal spiral-shaped bacillus after exposed to water or adverse environmental conditions such as exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents. The putative infectious capability and the viability of H. pylori under environmental conditions are controversial. This disagreement is partially due to the fact of lack in detecting the coccoid form of H. pylori in the environment. Accurate and effective detection methods of H. pylori will lead to rapid treatment and disinfection, and less human health damages and reduction in health care costs. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to H. pylori environmental coccoid forms, their transmission, and detection methods. We further discuss the use of these detection methods including their accuracy and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mazaheri Assadi
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parastoo Chamanrokh
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| | | | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lopes D, Nunes C, Martins MCL, Sarmento B, Reis S. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: Past, present and future. J Control Release 2014; 189:169-86. [PMID: 24969353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. Since the classification as a group 1 carcinogenic by International Agency for Research on Cancer, the importance of the complete H. pylori eradication has obtained a novel meaning. Hence, several studies have been made in order to deepen the knowledge in therapy strategies. However, the current therapy presents unsatisfactory eradication rates due to the lack of therapeutic compliance, antibiotic resistance, the degradation of antibiotics at gastric pH and their insufficient residence time in the stomach. Novel approaches have been made in order to overcome these limitations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview about the current therapy and its limitations, while highlighting the possibility of using micro- and nanotechnology to develop gastric drug delivery systems, overcoming these difficulties in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lopes
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IINFACTS - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori was one of the most notable in gastroenterology - and indeed medicine. The century before Marshall and Warren's discovery is peppered with isolated accounts of spiral-shaped bacteria in the stomach. The discovery of H. pylori, and the recognition of its importance, came about as a consequence of combined clinical, pathological and microbiological work. The discovery has transformed the treatment of peptic ulcers and other related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Egan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital Tallaght, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tiwari SK, Khan AA, Ibrahim M, Habeeb MA, Habibullah CM. Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter species DNA in human bile samples from patients with various hepato-biliary diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2181-6. [PMID: 16610018 PMCID: PMC4087643 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i14.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the presence of Helicobacter species by nested PCR of 16S rRNA genes followed by the presence of Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)16S rRNA, ureA, cagA genes in bile obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) from 60 Indian subjects.
METHODS: Sixty bile samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with various hepato-biliary diseases and control subjects at ERCP. PCR analysis was carried out using primers for Helicobacter genus 16S rRNA gene and H pylori (16S rRNA, ureA and cagA) genes. Gastric H pylori status was also assessed from biopsies obtained at endoscopy from patients with various hepato-biliary diseases and controls. The control group mainly consisted of subjects with gastric disorders. Sequencing analysis was performed to confirm that PCR products with 16S rRNA and cagA primers were derived from H pylori.
RESULTS No Helicobacters were grown in culture from the bile samples. Helicobacter DNA was detected in bile of 96.7% and 6.6% of groups I and II respectively. Ten from group I were positive for 16S rRNA and ureA and 9 were positive for cagA gene. In contrast of the 2 from the control, 1 amplified with 16S rRNA, ureA and cagA primers used. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and cagA were 99% similar to Helicobacter pylori.
CONCLUSION: Helicobacters are associated with the pathogenesis of various hepato-biliary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Tiwari
- Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Allied Hospitals Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 058, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Metagenomics (also referred to as environmental and community genomics) is the genomic analysis of microorganisms by direct extraction and cloning of DNA from an assemblage of microorganisms. The development of metagenomics stemmed from the ineluctable evidence that as-yet-uncultured microorganisms represent the vast majority of organisms in most environments on earth. This evidence was derived from analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified directly from the environment, an approach that avoided the bias imposed by culturing and led to the discovery of vast new lineages of microbial life. Although the portrait of the microbial world was revolutionized by analysis of 16S rRNA genes, such studies yielded only a phylogenetic description of community membership, providing little insight into the genetics, physiology, and biochemistry of the members. Metagenomics provides a second tier of technical innovation that facilitates study of the physiology and ecology of environmental microorganisms. Novel genes and gene products discovered through metagenomics include the first bacteriorhodopsin of bacterial origin; novel small molecules with antimicrobial activity; and new members of families of known proteins, such as an Na(+)(Li(+))/H(+) antiporter, RecA, DNA polymerase, and antibiotic resistance determinants. Reassembly of multiple genomes has provided insight into energy and nutrient cycling within the community, genome structure, gene function, population genetics and microheterogeneity, and lateral gene transfer among members of an uncultured community. The application of metagenomic sequence information will facilitate the design of better culturing strategies to link genomic analysis with pure culture studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Handelsman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- B Rigas
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- David G Marshall
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - William G Dundon
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sarah M Beesley
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cyril J Smyth
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|