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Capobianco CM, Bosch SN, Stacy NI, Wellehan JFX. Lactococcus garvieae-associated septicemia in a central bearded dragon. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241239912. [PMID: 38516722 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241239912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis in fish and an emerging zoonotic pathogen with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. We report a case of L. garvieae-associated septicemia in a central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) confirmed via whole-blood PCR and direct sequencing. Following a 30-d course of ceftazidime (20 mg/kg IM q72h), the animal's clinical condition had not resolved; leukopenia persisted, with heterophil toxic change. Coelomic ultrasound findings were consistent with preovulatory follicular stasis, folliculitis, and coelomitis. Following surgical ovariectomy and an additional 30-d course of ceftazidime, the animal's behavior and appetite returned to normal, the animal tested negative via whole-blood PCR assay, and the CBC was unremarkable. To our knowledge, L. garvieae with L. garvieae-associated clinical disease has not been reported previously in a bearded dragon. We conclude that L. garvieae should be considered as a possible etiologic agent in cases of septicemia in bearded dragons, with the potential for zoonotic transmission warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Capobianco
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah N Bosch
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Xie X, Pan Z, Yu Y, Yu L, Wu F, Dong J, Wang T, Li L. Prevalence, Virulence, and Antibiotics Gene Profiles in Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Cows with Clinical Mastitis in China. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36838344 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) is a pathogenic gram-positive, catalase-negative (GPCN) bacterium that causes bovine mastitis. A total of 49 L. garvieae isolates were identified from 1441 clinical mastitis (CM) samples. The pathogenic effects of L. garvieae were studied with two infection models: bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro and murine mammary infections in vivo. The overall farm prevalence was 15.5% (13/84 farms in 9/19 provinces) and sample prevalence was 3.40% (49/1441). Post-treatment somatic cell count (SCC) post L. garvieae infection was significantly higher than the other GPCN pathogens isolated, and the bacteriological cure fraction was 41.94% (13/31) after intramammary antibiotic treatment. All L. garvieae isolates were resistant to rifaximin, 12.24% of isolates were resistant to cephalexin, and 10.20% (5/49) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The most prevalent virulence genes were Hemolysin 1 (hly1)(100%), Hemolysin 2 (hly2) (97.96%), NADH oxidase (NADHO) (100%), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100%), Adhesin Pav (Pav) (100%), Adhesin PsaA (PsaA) (100%), Enolase (eno) (100%), Adhesin cluster 1(AC1) (100%), Adhesin cluster 2 (AC2) (100%), and several exopolysaccharides. L. garvieae rapidly adhered to bovine mammary epithelial cells, resulting in an elevated lactate dehydrogenase release. Edema and congestion were observed in challenged murine mammary glands and bacteria were consistently isolated at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after infection. We concluded that L. garvieae had good adaptive ability in the bovine and murine mammary cells and tissue. Given the resistance profile, penicillin and ampicillin are potential treatments for CM cases caused by L. garvieae.
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Huang Y, Sun Y, Huang Q, Lv X, Pu J, Zhu W, Lu S, Jin D, Liu L, Shi Z, Yang J, Xu J. The Threat of Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in the Feces of Bats. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0180222. [PMID: 36287057 PMCID: PMC9769573 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01802-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats have attracted global attention because of their zoonotic association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous and ongoing studies have predominantly focused on bat-borne viruses; however, the prevalence or abundance of bat-borne pathogenic bacteria and their potential public health significance have largely been neglected. For the first time, this study used both metataxonomics (16S rRNA marker gene sequencing) and culturomics (traditional culture methods) to systematically evaluate the potential public health significance of bat fecal pathogenic bacteria. To this end, fecal samples were obtained from five bat species across different locations in China, and their microbiota composition was analyzed. The results revealed that the bat microbiome was most commonly dominated by Proteobacteria, while the strictly anaerobic phylum Bacteroidetes occupied 35.3% of the relative abundance in Rousettus spp. and 36.3% in Hipposideros spp., but less than 2.7% in the other three bat species (Taphozous spp., Rhinolophus spp., and Myotis spp.). We detected 480 species-level phylotypes (SLPs) with PacBio sequencing, including 89 known species, 330 potentially new species, and 61 potentially higher taxa. In addition, a total of 325 species were identified by culturomics, and these were classified into 242 named species and 83 potentially novel species. Of note, 32 of the 89 (36.0%) known species revealed by PacBio sequencing were found to be pathogenic bacteria, and 69 of the 242 (28.5%) known species isolated by culturomics were harmful to people, animals, or plants. Additionally, nearly 40 potential novel species which may be potential bacterial pathogens were identified. IMPORTANCE Bats are one of the most diverse and widely distributed groups of mammals living in close proximity to humans. In recent years, bat-borne viruses and the viral zoonotic diseases associated with bats have been studied in great detail. However, the prevalence and abundance of pathogenic bacteria in bats have been largely ignored. This study used high-throughput sequencing techniques (metataxonomics) in combination with traditional culture methods (culturomics) to analyze the bacterial flora in bat feces from different species of bats in China, revealing that bats are natural hosts of pathogenic bacteria and carry many unknown bacteria. The results of this study can be used as guidance for future investigations of bacterial pathogens in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianni Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianglian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Colagrossi L, Costabile V, Scutari R, Agosta M, Onori M, Mancinelli L, Lucignano B, Onetti Muda A, Del Baldo G, Mastronuzzi A, Locatelli F, Trua G, Montanari M, Alteri C, Bernaschi P, Perno CF. Evidence of pediatric sepsis caused by a drug resistant Lactococcus garvieae contaminated platelet concentrate. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1325-1334. [PMID: 35475418 PMCID: PMC9132404 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2071174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to an increasing number of infections in adults, Lactococcus (L.) garvieae has gained recognition as an emerging human pathogen, causing bacteraemia and septicaemia. In September 2020, four paediatric onco-hematologic patients received a platelet concentrate from the same adult donor at Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome. Three of four patients experienced L. garvieae sepsis one day after transfusion. The L. garvieae pediatric isolates and the donor’s platelet concentrates were retrospectively collected for whole-genome sequencing and shot-gun metagenomics, respectively (Illumina HiSeq). By de novo assembly of the L. garvieae genomes, we found that all three pediatric isolates shared a 99.9% identity and were characterized by 440 common SNPs. Plasmid pUC11C (conferring virulence properties) and the temperate prophage Plg-Tb25 were detected in all three strains. Core SNP genome-based maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees confirmed their phylogenetic common origin and revealed their relationship with L. garvieae strains affecting cows and humans (bootstrap values >100 and posterior probabilities = 1.00). Bacterial reads obtained by the donor’s platelet concentrate have been profiled with MetaPhlAn2 (v.2.7.5); among these, 29.9% belonged to Firmicutes, and 5.16% to Streptococcaceae (>97% identity with L. garvieae), confirming the presence of L. garvieae in the platelet concentrate transfusion. These data showed three episodes of sepsis for the first time due to a transfusion-associated transmission of L. garvieae in three pediatric hospitalized hematology patients. This highlights the importance to implement the screening of platelet components with new human-defined pathogens for ensuring the safety of blood supply, and more broadly, for the surveillance of emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Colagrossi
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentino Costabile
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Scutari
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Agosta
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Onori
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Mancinelli
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lucignano
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Onetti Muda
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Trua
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Montanari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bernaschi
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Feito J, Araújo C, Gómez-Sala B, Contente D, Campanero C, Arbulu S, Saralegui C, Peña N, Muñoz-Atienza E, Borrero J, del Campo R, Hernández PE, Cintas LM. Antimicrobial activity, molecular typing and in vitro safety assessment of Lactococcus garvieae isolates from healthy cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) and rearing environment. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a part of the genus Lactococcus which was previously a part of the genus Streptococcus. It has been associated with serious diseases in aquaculture. However, human infections are rare. The most common presentation in humans is infective endocarditis. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a unique presentation of this pathogen. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a past history of benign prostatic hyperplasia who presented with confusion. Urinalysis confirmed the growth of L. garvieae. A seven-day treatment course of amoxicillin-clavulanate successfully treated the patient. The risk factors for acquiring the L. garvieae infections include contact with seafood or aquaculture. Other risk factors include immunosuppression, gastric acid suppression, and anatomical or physiological defect in the gastrointestinal tract. Special tests, such as VITEK® 2, API® 32 strep system, 16S rRNA, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, are needed for its diagnosis. Hence, we suggest underreporting of the infection may be possible. It is a novel cause of UTI, we suggest a high index of suspicion should be kept, especially in people with associated risk factors or exposure to seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezza Fatima Tariq
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University/Hospital, Multan, PAK.,Nephrology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Yusra Irshad
- Internal Medicine, Kulsoom International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Heyyan B Khalil
- Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Aemen S Khakwani
- Internal Medicine, Suburban Community Hospital, East Norriton, USA
| | - Usman A Khan
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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