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Cetkovic Pecar T, Haveric A, Caluk Klacar L, Haveric S, Dzaferspahic A, Mehanovic M, Durmisevic I, Dzaferspahic S, Hadzic Omanovic M. Genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in young adults from Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17073. [PMID: 37332975 PMCID: PMC10276226 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Waterpipe, also known as a hookah or narghile, is a type of tobacco products consumption device. Recently it has been increasingly popular in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region. Waterpipe consumers are predominantly adolescents and young adults. Many of them believe in slighter harmful effects of waterpipes, compared to cigarettes. We aimed to determine the DNA damage in oral leukocytes and buccal cells of young individuals who have smoked a waterpipe for more than one year. Methods The study group consisted of 40 cigarette non-smokers who regularly smoked a waterpipe on average of once per week. As a control, 40 non-smoking individuals were selected to match smokers for age. All participants in the study were healthy male and female adults from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 18-30 years of age. Before sampling, detailed survey and informed consent have been provided by each participant. Comet assay in oral leukocytes and buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay in exfoliated buccal cells were applied. Results Almost half of waterpipe smokers (WPS) tasted waterpipe at 15-16 years of age. Comet assay analysis showed increased tail intensity, tail length, and tail moment values among WPS compared to non-smokers (NS) (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0067, and p = 0.0001, respectively). Frequencies of the micronucleated (p = 0.0004), binucleated (p = 0.01), karyorrhectic, (p = 0.0036), and pycnotic cells (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in WPS compared to NS group. Conclusions Genotoxicity and DNA damage biomarkers were increased in oral leukocytes and exfoliated buccal cells of young waterpipe smokers from Bosnia and Herzegovina, compared to NS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cetkovic Pecar
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Caluk Klacar
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alen Dzaferspahic
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mahira Mehanovic
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irma Durmisevic
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Dzaferspahic
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadzic Omanovic
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja Od Bosne 8, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Morales-Bárcenas R, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Santibáñez-Andrade M, Chirino YI, Soto-Reyes E, García-Cuellar CM. Airborne particulate matter (PM 10) induces cell invasion through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) pathway deregulation in A549 lung epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:107-119. [PMID: 36309615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter with an aerodynamic size ≤ 10 μm (PM10) is a risk factor for lung cancer development, mainly because some components are highly toxic. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in PM10, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which is a well-known genotoxic and carcinogenic compound to humans, capable of activating AP-1 transcription factor family genes through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Because effects of BaP include metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) activation, cell invasion, and other pathways related to carcinogenesis, we aimed to demonstrate that PM10 (10 µg/cm2) exposure induces the activation of AP-1 family members as well as cell invasion in lung epithelial cells, through AhR pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS The role of the AhR gene in cells exposed to PM10 (10 µg/cm2) and BaP (1µM) for 48 h was evaluated using AhR-targeted interference siRNA. Then, the AP-1 family members (c-Jun, Jun B, Jun D, Fos B, C-Fos, and Fra-1), the levels/activity of MMP-9, and cell invasion were analyzed. We found that PM10 increased AhR levels and promoted its nuclear localization in A549 treated cells. Also, PM10 and BaP deregulated the activity of AP-1 family members. Moreover, PM10 upregulated the secretion and activity of MMP-9 through AhR, while BaP had no effect. Finally, we found that cell invasion in A549 cells exposed to PM10 and BaP is modulated by AhR. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that PM10 exposure induces upregulation of the c-Jun, Jun B, and Fra-1 activity, the expression/activity of MMP-9, and the cell invasion in lung epithelial cells, effects mediated through the AhR. Also, the Fos B and C-Fos activity were downregulated. In addition, the effects induced by PM10 exposure were like those induced by BaP, which highlights the potentially toxic effects of the PM10 mixture in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Morales-Bárcenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México
| | - Miguel Santibáñez-Andrade
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, CP 54090, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México, D.F, México.
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Zhang H, Lu L, Zhao C, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Pu Y, Wang S, Liu R, Yin L. Lipid metabolism disorders contribute to hepatotoxicity of ICR mice induced by nitrosamines exposure. Environ Int 2022; 167:107423. [PMID: 35908391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Health risks caused by crucial environmental carcinogens N-nitrosamines triggered ubiquitous attention. As the liver exerted vital function through metabolic process, lipid metabolism disorders have been confirmed as potential drivers for toxicological effects, and the mechanisms of lipid regulation related to hepatotoxicity induced by N-nitrosamines remained largely unclear. In this study, we comprehensively explored the disturbance of hepatic lipid homeostasis in mice induced by nitrosamines. The results implied that nitrosamines exposure induced hepatotoxicity accompanied by liver injury, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatic edema. Lipidomics profiling analysis indicated the decreased levels of phosphatidic acids (PA), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPC), lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG), the elevation of ceramides (Cer) and decomposition of free fatty acids (FFA) in high-dose nitrosamines exposure group. Importantly, nitrosamines exposure promoted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by facilitating fatty acid uptake and decomposition, together with the upregulation of genes associated with FAO accompanied by the activation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and NLRP3. Furthermore, fatty acid translocase CD36-mediated fatty acid oxidation was correlated with the enhancement of oxidative stress in the liver caused by nitrosamines exposure. Overall, our results contributed to the new strategies to interpret the early toxic effects of nitrosamines exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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