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Ortolá B, Daròs JA. RNA Interference in Insects: From a Natural Mechanism of Gene Expression Regulation to a Biotechnological Crop Protection Promise. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:137. [PMID: 38534407 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Insect pests rank among the major limiting factors in agricultural production worldwide. In addition to direct effect on crops, some phytophagous insects are efficient vectors for plant disease transmission. Large amounts of conventional insecticides are required to secure food production worldwide, with a high impact on the economy and environment, particularly when beneficial insects are also affected by chemicals that frequently lack the desired specificity. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism gene expression regulation and protection against exogenous and endogenous genetic elements present in most eukaryotes, including insects. Molecules of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or highly structured RNA are the substrates of cellular enzymes to produce several types of small RNAs (sRNAs), which play a crucial role in targeting sequences for transcriptional or post-transcriptional gene silencing. The relatively simple rules that underlie RNAi regulation, mainly based in Watson-Crick complementarity, have facilitated biotechnological applications based on these cellular mechanisms. This includes the promise of using engineered dsRNA molecules, either endogenously produced in crop plants or exogenously synthesized and applied onto crops, as a new generation of highly specific, sustainable, and environmentally friendly insecticides. Fueled on this expectation, this article reviews current knowledge about the RNAi pathways in insects, and some other applied questions such as production and delivery of recombinant RNA, which are critical to establish RNAi as a reliable technology for insect control in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beltrán Ortolá
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Yang D, Qi X, Zhou X, Li Z, Zhou H, Fan Z. Synthesis of potent antifungal 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-based strobilurins with both direct fungicidal activity and systemic acquired resistance. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:429-435. [PMID: 35647548 PMCID: PMC9020617 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To continue our efforts to discover novel fungicide lead structures, a series of 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-based-strobilurin derivatives were synthesized and characterized. In vitro bioassay screening with 9 different plant pathogens suggested that the linker between 3,4-dichloroisothiazole and the pharmacophore played a critical role in fungicidal potency and scope. Among these, compound 2a with a cis-methoxy oxime ether as a linker was a better active compound. Further modification of 2a, 4a and 6a by replacement of carboxylic ester with a carboxamide led to the best active compound 7a in this study. In vivo bioassay screening and verification indicated that compounds 1c and 7a displayed the best efficacy against wheat white powder (Erysiphe graminis) and corn rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw). In addition, compound 7a was validated by upregulating salicylic acid (SA) signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related gene expression. A potent lead compound with a broad spectrum of fungicidal and systemic acquired resistance activity has been discovered by bridging 3,4-dichloroisothiazole and the strobilurin pharmacophore with various linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Yang
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringNo. 24, Dongsha Road, Haizhu DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong 510225PR China,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringNo. 24, Dongsha Road, Haizhu DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong 510225PR China
| | - Zhengming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringNo. 24, Dongsha Road, Haizhu DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong 510225PR China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China,Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai UniversityNo. 94, Weijin RoadTianjin 300071P. R. China
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Briache FZ, Ennami M, Mbasani-Mansi J, Lozzi A, Abousalim A, Rodeny WE, Amri M, Triqui ZEA, Mentag R. Effects of Salicylic Acid and Indole Acetic Acid Exogenous Applications on Induction of Faba Bean Resistance against Orobanche crenata. Plant Pathol J 2020; 36:476-490. [PMID: 33082732 PMCID: PMC7542034 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2020.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic weed, Orobanche crenata, is one of the most devastating constraint for faba bean production in Mediterranean regions. Plant host defense induction was reported as one of the most appropriate control methods in many crops. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the induction of faba bean resistance to O. crenata under the field and controlled experimental conditions. Both hormones were tested on two contrasting faba bean genotypes: Giza 843 (partially resistant to O. crenata) and Lobab (susceptible) at three different application methods (seed soaking, foliar spray, and the combination of both seed soaking and foliar spray). Soaking seeds in SA or IAA provided the highest protection levels reaching ~75% compared to the untreated control plants. Both elicitors limited the chlorophyll content decrease caused by O. crenata infestation and increased phenolic compound production in host plants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were stimulated in the host plant roots especially in the susceptible genotype Lobab. The magnitude of induction was more obvious in infested than in non-infested plants. Histological study revealed that both SA and IAA decreased the number of attached O. crenata spikes which could be related to specific defense responses in the host plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Briache
- Biotechnology Unit, CRRA-Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), 00, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mounia Ennami
- Biotechnology Unit, CRRA-Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), 00, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Joseph Mbasani-Mansi
- Biotechnology Unit, CRRA-Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), 00, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Assia Lozzi
- Department of Crop Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, 656, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhadi Abousalim
- Department of Crop Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, 656, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Walid El Rodeny
- Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 33717, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Moez Amri
- Agro-sciences (AgBS), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), 4310, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Zine El Abidine Triqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Biotechnology Unit, CRRA-Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), 00, Rabat, Morocco
- Corresponding author. FAX) +212-537775530, E-mail) , ORCID, Rachid Mentag https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-637X
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