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He Y, Liu S, Lin H, Ding F, Shao Z, Xiong L. Roles of organokines in intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340625. [PMID: 38532900 PMCID: PMC10963452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is not isolated from other tissues. Recently, abundant research has linked intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration to various systemic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Organokines are a group of diverse factors named for the tissue of origin, including adipokines, osteokines, myokines, cardiokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and hepatokines. Through endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms, organokines modulate energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and metabolic balance in various tissues to mediate cross-organ communication. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cellular behavior, inflammation, and matrix metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we aimed to summarize the impact of organokines on disc homeostasis and degeneration and the underlying signaling mechanism. We focused on the regulatory mechanisms of organokines to provide a basis for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, JingMen Central Hospital, Jingmen, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ambrosio L, Schol J, Ruiz-Fernandez C, Tamagawa S, Soma H, Tilotta V, Di Giacomo G, Cicione C, Nakayama S, Kamiya K, Papalia R, Sato M, Vadalà G, Watanabe M, Denaro V, Sakai D. ISSLS PRIZE in Basic Science 2024: superiority of nucleus pulposus cell- versus mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in attenuating disc degeneration and alleviating pain. Eur Spine J 2024:10.1007/s00586-024-08163-3. [PMID: 38416190 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), with a specific emphasis on Tie2-enhanced NPCs, compared to EVs derived from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in a coccygeal intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) rat model. METHODS EVs were isolated from healthy human NPCs cultured under standard (NPCSTD-EVs) and Tie2-enhancing (NPCTie2+-EVs) conditions. EVs were characterized, and their potential was assessed in vitro on degenerative NPCs in terms of cell proliferation and senescence, with or without 10 ng/mL interleukin (IL)-1β. Thereafter, 16 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent annular puncture of three contiguous coccygeal discs to develop IDD. Phosphate-buffered saline, NPCSTD-EVs, NPCTie2+-EVs, or BM-MSC-derived EVs were injected into injured discs, and animals were followed for 12 weeks until sacrifice. Behavioral tests, radiographic disc height index (DHI) measurements, evaluation of pain biomarkers, and histological analyses were performed to assess the outcomes of injected EVs. RESULTS NPC-derived EVs exhibited the typical exosomal morphology and were efficiently internalized by degenerative NPCs, enhancing cell proliferation, and reducing senescence. In vivo, a single injection of NPC-derived EVs preserved DHI, attenuated degenerative changes, and notably reduced mechanical hypersensitivity. MSC-derived EVs showed marginal improvements over sham controls across all measured outcomes. CONCLUSION Our results underscore the regenerative potential of young NPC-derived EVs, particularly NPCTie2+-EVs, surpassing MSC-derived counterparts. These findings raise questions about the validity of MSCs as both EV sources and cellular therapeutics against IDD. The study emphasizes the critical influence of cell type, source, and culture conditions in EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ambrosio
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
- NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Soma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Veronica Tilotta
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Giacomo
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cicione
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Department of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamiya
- Department of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan.
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Di Giacomo G, Vadalà G, Ambrosio L, Cicione C, Tilotta V, Cannata F, Russo F, Papalia R, Denaro V. Irisin inhibits tenocyte response to inflammation in vitro: New insights into tendon-muscle cross-talk. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2195-2204. [PMID: 37132159 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders with significant repercussions on quality of life and sport activities. Physical exercise (PE) is considered the first-line approach to treat tendinopathy due renowned mechanobiological effects on tenocytes. Irisin, a recently identified myokine released during PE, has been recognized for several beneficial effects towards muscle, cartilage, bone, and intervertebral disc tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irisin on human primary tenocytes (hTCs) in vitro. Human tendons were harvested from specimens of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (n = 4). After isolation and expansion, hTCs were treated with RPMI medium (negative control), interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (positive controls; 10 ng/mL), irisin (5, 10, 25 ng/mL), IL-1β or TNF-α pretreatment and subsequent co-treatment with irisin, pretreatment with irisin and subsequent co-treatment with IL-1β or TNF-α. hTC metabolic activity, proliferation, and nitrite production were evaluated. Detection of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated p38 and ERK was performed. Tissue samples were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to evaluate irisin αVβ5 receptor expression. Irisin significantly increased hTC proliferation and metabolic activity, while reducing the production of nitrites both before and after the addition of IL-1β and TNF-α. Interestingly, irisin reduced p-p38 and pERK levels in inflamed hTCs. The αVβ5 receptor was uniformly expressed on hTC plasma membranes, supporting the potential binding of irisin. This is the first study reporting the capacity of irisin to target hTCs and modulating their response to inflammatory stresses, possibly orchestrating a biological crosstalk between the muscle and tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Di Giacomo
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cicione
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Tilotta
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cannata
- Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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Tilotta V, Vadalà G, Ambrosio L, Cicione C, Di Giacomo G, Russo F, Papalia R, Denaro V. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome enhances nucleus pulposus cell metabolism and modulates extracellular matrix gene expression in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1152207. [PMID: 37008028 PMCID: PMC10060656 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1152207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Intradiscal mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have been gaining increasing interest due to their capacity to ameliorate intervertebral disc metabolism and relieve low back pain (LBP). Recently, novel investigations have demonstrated that most of MSC anabolic effects are exerted by secreted growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, collectively defined as their secretome. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of bone-marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) secretomes on human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) in vitro.Methods: BM-MSCs and ADSCs were characterized according to surface marker expression by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation by Alizarin red, Red Oil O and Alcian blue staining. After isolation, hNPCs were treated with either BM-MSC secretome, ADSC secretome, interleukin (IL)-1β followed by BM-MSC secretome or IL-1β followed by ADSC secretome. Cell metabolic activity (MTT assay), cell viability (LIVE/DEAD assay), cell content, glycosaminoglycan production (1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay), extracellular matrix and catabolic marker gene expression (qPCR) were assessed.Results: 20% BM-MSC and ADSC secretomes (diluted to normal media) showed to exert the highest effect towards cell metabolism and were then used in further experiments. Both BM-MSC and ADSC secretomes improved hNPC viability, increased cell content and enhanced glycosaminoglycan production in basal conditions as well as after IL-1β pretreatment. BM-MSC secretome significantly increased ACAN and SOX9 gene expression, while reducing the levels of IL6, MMP13 and ADAMTS5 both in basal conditions and after in vitro inflammation with IL-1β. Interestingly, under IL-1β stimulation, ADSC secretome showed a catabolic effect with decreased extracellular matrix markers and increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators.Discussion: Collectively, our results provide new insights on the biological effect of MSC-derived secretomes on hNPCs, with intriguing implications on the development of cell-free approaches to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tilotta
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianluca Vadalà,
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cicione
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Giacomo
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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Roebke E, Jacho D, Eby O, Aldoohan S, Elsamaloty H, Yildirim-Ayan E. Injectable Cell-Laden Nanofibrous Matrix for Treating Annulus Fibrosus Defects in Porcine Model: An Organ Culture Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36431001 DOI: 10.3390/life12111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lower back pain commonly arises from intervertebral disc (IVD) failure, often caused by deteriorating annulus fibrosus (AF) and/or nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. High socioeconomic cost, quality of life issues, and unsatisfactory surgical options motivate the rapid development of non-invasive, regenerative repair strategies for lower back pain. This study aims to evaluate the AF regenerative capacity of injectable matrix repair strategy in ex vivo porcine organ culturing using collagen type-I and polycaprolactone nanofibers (PNCOL) with encapsulated fibroblast cells. Upon 14 days organ culturing, the porcine IVDs were assessed using gross optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological analysis, and Reverse Transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to determine the regenerative capabilities of the PNCOL matrix at the AF injury. PNCOL-treated AF defects demonstrated a full recovery with increased gene expressions of AF extracellular matrix markers, including Collagen-I, Aggrecan, Scleraxis, and Tenascin, along with anti-inflammatory markers such as CD206 and IL10. The PNCOL treatment effectively regenerates the AF tissue at the injury site contributing to decreased herniation risk and improved surgical outcomes, thus providing effective non-invasive strategies for treating IVD injuries.
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