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Xie S, Jin Y, Wang J, Li J, Peng M, Zhu X. DOCK1 regulates the malignant biological behavior of endometrial cancer through c-Raf/ERK pathway. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:296. [PMID: 38438882 PMCID: PMC10913561 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of DOCK1 gene on the biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma cells and its related pathway has not been reported. METHODS The immunohistochemical method and western blot were utilized to analyze DOCK1 protein expression in endometrial tissues and cells, respectively. CCK-8, BrdU, transwell and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the effect of DOCK1 expression changes on the viability, proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells, respectively. The effects of DOCK1 gene on Bcl-2, MMP9, Ezrin, E-cadherin and c-RAF/ERK1/2 signaling pathway were evaluated by western blot. The xenograft models were constructed to analyze the effect of DOCK1 in vivo. RESULTS DOCK1 expression was increased in endometrial cancer tissues and cells compared with those in normal adjacent tissues and cells. DOCK1 knockout could inhibit the malignant biological behavior of endometrial cancer cells, while DOCK1 overexpression played the opposite effect. The expression of E-cadherin was upregulated and those of MMP9, Ezrin, Bcl-2, p-c-RAF (S338) and p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204) were downregulated after DOCK1 knockout, while DOCK1 overexpression played the opposite effect. Additionally, Raf inhibitor LY3009120 reversed the function of DOCK1 on malignant biological behavior. In vivo experiment results showed that the growth and weight of transplanted tumors in nude mice were inhibited after DOCK1 knockout. The changes of E-cadherin, MMP9, Ezrin and Bcl-2 expressions in the transplanted tumors were consistent with those in vitro. CONCLUSION DOCK1 could enhance the malignant biological behavior of endometrial cancer cells, which might be through c-RAF/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangdan Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanshan Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 317599, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 317599, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjia Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 317599, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Richardson M, Chase DM. Latest advances in immuno-oncology for endometrial cancer: single-agent and combination regimens. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 36:1-8. [PMID: 37792525 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The scope of immuno-oncology in endometrial cancer has changed rapidly in the last several years, requiring up-to-date knowledge for those who treat these patients. RECENT FINDINGS This article will focus on molecular profiling, recent trials, and FDA approvals of targeted immuno-oncology medications in endometrial cancer. These include immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or with combination treatment. SUMMARY The publication of the TCGA has led to significant focus on molecular subgroupings into POLEm, MMRd, NSMP, and p53m groups. For those patients with MMRd vs. MMRp tumors, there are indications for single agent immune checkpoint inhibitors with dostarlimab or pembrolizumab. For those with MMRp tumors, the addition of lenvatinib to pembrolizumab has proven clinical benefit. The recent publication of the RUBY and NRG-GY018 trials have shown clinical benefit in both subgroups with addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor to platinum-based chemotherapy. Now there is approval for use of dostarlimab in frontline chemotherapy and maintenance for advanced stage or recurrent endometrial cancer. Several upcoming trials investigating molecular subgroups from the TCGA are eagerly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Richardson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yan M, Cao H, Tao K, Xiao B, Chu Y, Ma D, Huang X, Han Y, Ji T. HDACs alters negatively to the tumor immune microenvironment in gynecologic cancers. Gene 2023; 885:147704. [PMID: 37572797 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the tumor immune microenvironment of gynecologic tumors remains unexplored. We integrated data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Protein Atlas to examine HDAC expression in breast, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Elevated HDAC expression correlated with poor prognosis and highly malignant cancer subtypes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed positive associations between HDAC expression and tumor proliferation signature, while negative associations were found with tumor inflammation signature. Increased HDAC expression was linked to reduced infiltration of natural killer (NK), NKT, and CD8+ T cells, along with negative associations with the expression of PSMB10, NKG7, CCL5, CD27, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1. In a murine 4T1 breast cancer model, treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; HDAC inhibitor) and PD-1 antibody significantly inhibited tumor growth and infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed upregulated expressions of Psmb10, Nkg7, Ccl5, Cd8a, Cxcr6, and Cxcl9 genes, while Ctnnb1 and Myc genes were inhibited, indicating tumor suppression and immune microenvironment activation. Our study revealed that HDACs play tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive roles in gynecologic cancers, suggesting HDAC inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangjia Tao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Chu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Teng Ji
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Szymanowski W, Szymanowska A, Bielawska A, Lopez-Berestein G, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Amero P. Aptamers as Potential Therapeutic Tools for Ovarian Cancer: Advancements and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5300. [PMID: 37958473 PMCID: PMC10647731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common lethal gynecologic cause of death in women worldwide, with a high mortality rate and increasing incidence. Despite advancements in the treatment, most OC patients still die from their disease due to late-stage diagnosis, the lack of effective diagnostic methods, and relapses. Aptamers, synthetic, short single-stranded oligonucleotides, have emerged as promising anticancer therapeutics. Their ability to selectively bind to target molecules, including cancer-related proteins and receptors, has revolutionized drug discovery and biomarker identification. Aptamers offer unique insights into the molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Moreover, they show immense potential as drug delivery systems, enabling targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects and reducing systemic toxicity. In the context of OC, the integration of aptamers with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) presents an opportunity for precise and efficient gene targeting. Additionally, the conjugation of aptamers with nanoparticles allows for accurate and targeted delivery of ncRNAs to specific cells, tissues, or organs. In this review, we will summarize the potential use and challenges associated with the use of aptamers alone or aptamer-ncRNA conjugates, nanoparticles, and multivalent aptamer-based therapeutics for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szymanowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (W.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (W.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
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Tinker AV, Dhani NC, Ghatage P, McLeod D, Samouëlian V, Welch SA, Altman AD. A rapidly evolving landscape: immune checkpoint inhibitors in pretreated metastatic endometrial cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231157633. [PMID: 36950270 PMCID: PMC10026109 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231157633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Endometrial cancer is a common malignancy and recurrences can be fatal. Although platinum-pretreated endometrial tumors are commonly treated with anthracyclines and taxanes, there is no current standard of care. Both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been extensively assessed in this setting, including tumors selected for DNA mismatch repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) and programmed death-ligand 1 expression status. This review will provide evidence-based guidance on use of ICIs alone or in combination with TKIs in patients with pretreated advanced, persistent, or recurrent metastatic endometrial cancer. Data sources and methods Randomized phase II-III trials in unselected populations pretreated, recurrent, or metastatic endometrial cancer and phase I-II trials in biomarker selected populations were identified from PubMed as well as conference proceedings using the key search terms 'immune checkpoint inhibitors', 'endometrial cancer', and 'advanced'. Results A total of nine eligible studies were identified assessing ICI monotherapy for biomarker-selected or ICI plus TKI combinations and a dual ICI regimen for biomarker-unselected patients with pretreated recurrent or metastatic endometrial cancer. In MMR/MSI-selected tumors, five phase I/II studies evaluated ICI monotherapy indicating benefit in these patients. Only the phase III KEYNOTE-775 trial reported a statistically significant overall survival improvement for the combination of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib compared with docetaxel or paclitaxel regardless of MMR/MSI status. Conclusions Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib is indicated for patients with unselected pretreated metastatic endometrial cancer and pembrolizumab monotherapy is a preferred option for patients with MMRd/MSI-H tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neesha C. Dhani
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prafull Ghatage
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary,
Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Vanessa Samouëlian
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal
(CHUM), Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal,
Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen A. Welch
- London Regional Cancer Program, Western
University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alon D. Altman
- CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Houri O, Gil Y, Gemer O, Helpman L, Vaknin Z, Lavie O, Arie AB, Amit A, Levy T, Namazov A, Shachar IB, Atlas I, Bruchim I, Eitan R. Prediction of endometrial cancer recurrence by using a novel machine learning algorithm: An Israeli gynecologic oncology group study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51:102466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pei LP, Zhang YZ, Li GY, Sun JL. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for MCM4 in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:890591. [PMID: 35719366 PMCID: PMC9203964 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.890591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mini chromosome maintenance protein 4 (MCM4) belongs to the family of mini chromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) that plays a crucial role in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation. Given that MCM4 has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues, and is strongly associated with poor patient prognosis, it has rarely been reported in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Methods: We explored the role of MCM4 in UCEC through multi-omics analysis, including gene expression levels, survival prognosis, the biological function of interacting proteins, immune infiltration, and diagnostic value. Finally, these results were confirmed by biological experiments. Results: MCM4 was highly expressed in various malignancies including UCEC compared to normal samples and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with UCEC [including OS (HR = 1.74, p = 0.009), PFI (HR = 1.73, p = 0.002), PFI (HR = 2.23, p = 0.003)]. In the Cox regression analysis, MCM4 was an independent prognostic biomarker. Further studies showed those interacting proteins of MCM4 were enriched in DNA repair and cell cycle. Moreover, high expression of MCM4 was accompanied by lower infiltration of immune cells such as Treg cells and B cells. The distribution of MCM4 expression in molecular and immune subtypes was significantly different (p < 0.05), with high expression in the copynumber high (CN_HIGH) molecular subtype and the IFN-gamma dominant (C2) immune subtype. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry results also showed that MCM4 expression was significantly upregulated in endometrial cancer tissues and negatively correlated with patient prognosis (p < 0.05). Subsequent biological experiments confirmed that MCM4 promoted cell growth and invasion and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. Conclusion: Therefore, MCM4 could be a new potential biomarker for UCEC.
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He Y, Xu S, Qi Y, Tian J, Xu F. Long noncoding RNA SNHG25 promotes the malignancy of endometrial cancer by sponging microRNA-497-5p and increasing FASN expression. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:163. [PMID: 34789312 PMCID: PMC8600866 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small nucleolar RNA host gene 25 (SNHG25), a long noncoding RNA, has been well-studied in epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the specific functions of SNHG25 in endometrial cancer (EC) have not been studied yet. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of SNHG25 in EC and determine the regulatory activity of SNHG25 on the tumor-associated EC phenotype. We also thoroughly explored the molecular mechanisms underlying SNHG25 function in EC. METHODS Gene expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The detailed functions of SNHG25 in EC were examined by performing loss-of-function experiments. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms involving SNHG25, microRNA-497-5p, and fatty acid synthase (FASN) were unveiled using the luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We observed a high level of SNHG25 in EC using the TCGA dataset and our study cohort. Patients with a high SNHG25 level had shorter overall survival than those with a low SNHG25 level. SNHG25 deficiency resulted in tumor-repressing activities in EC cells by decreasing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoting cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the function of SNHG25 depletion in impairing tumor growth in vivo was confirmed. SNHG25 sequestered miR-497-5p as a competing endogenous RNA in EC and consequently positively regulated FASN expression. Thus, the decrease in miR-497-5p or increase in FASN could neutralize the modulatory actions of SNHG25 knockdown in EC cells. CONCLUSIONS The depletion of SNHG25 impedes the oncogenicity of EC by targeting the miR-497-5p/FASN axis. The newly elucidated SNHG25/miR-497-5p/FASN pathway may be a promising target for the molecular-targeted management of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinshan District Tinglin Hospital, 80 North Siping Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201505, China
| | - Shuifang Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinshan District Tinglin Hospital, 80 North Siping Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201505, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinshan District Tinglin Hospital, 80 North Siping Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201505, China
| | - Jinfang Tian
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinshan District Tinglin Hospital, 80 North Siping Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201505, China
| | - Fengying Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinshan District Tinglin Hospital, 80 North Siping Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201505, China.
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Terzic M, Aimagambetova G, Kunz J, Bapayeva G, Aitbayeva B, Terzic S, Laganà AS. Molecular Basis of Endometriosis and Endometrial Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9274. [PMID: 34502183 PMCID: PMC8431548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium is a unique tissue undergoing important changes through the menstrual cycle. Under the exposure of different risk factors in a woman's lifetime, normal endometrial tissue can give rise to multiple pathologic conditions, including endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Etiology and pathophysiologic changes behind such conditions remain largely unclear. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of endometriosis and its potential role in the development of endometrial cancer from a molecular perspective. A better understanding of the molecular basis of endometriosis and its role in the development of endometrial pathology will improve the approach to clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan or (M.T.); (S.T.)
- National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, University Medical Center, Turan Avenue 32, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gulzhanat Aimagambetova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jeannette Kunz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gauri Bapayeva
- National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, University Medical Center, Turan Avenue 32, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Botagoz Aitbayeva
- National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, University Medical Center, Turan Avenue 32, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Sanja Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan or (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Fares B, Berger L, Bangiev-Girsh E, Kakun RR, Ghannam-Shahbari D, Tabach Y, Zohar Y, Gottlieb E, Perets R. PAX8 plays an essential antiapoptotic role in uterine serous papillary cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:5275-85. [PMID: 34244607 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the fourth-most common cancer in women in the United States, and generally carries a favorable prognosis. However, about 10% of EC patients have a rare and aggressive form, uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC), which carries a much higher mortality rate. The developmental transcription factor PAX8 is expressed in nearly 100% of USPCs. We show that PAX8 plays a critical antiapoptotic role in USPC and this role is established via transcriptional activation of two aberrant signaling pathways. First, PAX8 positively regulates mutated p53, and missense p53 mutations have an oncogenic gain of function effect. Second, PAX8 directly transcriptionally regulates p21, in a p53-independent manner, and p21 acquires a growth promoting role that is mediated via cytoplasmic localization of the protein. We propose that mutated p53 and cytoplasmic p21 can independently mediate the pro-proliferative role of PAX8 in USPC. In addition, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to detect pathways that are regulated by PAX8, and propose that metabolism and HIF-1alpha -related pathways are potential candidates for mediating the role of PAX8 in USPC. Taken together our findings demonstrate for the first time that PAX8 is an essential lineage marker in USPC, and suggest its mechanism of action.
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Praiss AM, Huang Y, St. Clair CM, Tergas AI, Melamed A, Khoury-collado F, Hou JY, Hu J, Hur C, Hershman DL, Wright JD. Using machine learning to create prognostic systems for endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:744-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Horowitz M, Esakov E, Rose P, Reizes O. Signaling within the epithelial ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment: the challenge of tumor heterogeneity. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:905. [PMID: 32793749 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2019-cm-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Standard of care treatment has remained platinum-containing cytotoxic chemotherapy for over three decades. Among the central challenges in treating ovarian CA are disease recurrence and the development of chemoresistance. Survival is uniformly poor for patients with chemoresistant recurrent disease and effective therapeutic options are limited. As such, delineating the mechanisms of chemoresistance and developing targeted therapies to prevent chemoresistance from occurring are of vital importance to improving survival for patients with EOC. Attempts to characterize mechanisms of chemoresistance have implicated numerous cellular pathways, but a rift remains between pre-clinical findings and translation to improving patient survival. More recently, the interplay among different cell types within the tumor microenvironment has become central to understanding how chemoresistance may develop and may be sustained. An improved understanding of how tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic pathways converge during the development of chemoresistance may improve the likelihood of successful clinical translation. This review focuses on the roles of the EOC tumor microenvironment and tumor cell heterogeneity in the development of chemoresistance. We review recent studies into mechanisms of chemoresistance as they relate to tumor microenvironment and development of novel therapeutic approaches that exploit these mechanisms to prevent or reverse chemoresistance. This review attempts to cast these latest discoveries in a clinical context by summarizing trends in ongoing clinical trials for patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Horowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emily Esakov
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Rose
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Yan X, Zhang H, Ke J, Zhang Y, Dai C, Zhu M, Jiang F, Zhu H, Zhang L, Zuo X, Li W, Yin X, Wan X. Progesterone receptor inhibits the proliferation and invasion of endometrial cancer cells by up regulating Krüppel-like factor 9. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2220-2230. [PMID: 35117582 PMCID: PMC8798504 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is one of the most important members of the KLF family, and is abnormally expressed in many tumors. However, the detailed function of KLF9 in endometrial cancer (EC) was barely investigated. Methods In this study, a total of 52 paired EC tissues were recruited to detect the KLF9 expression. Then a serial of phenotypic experiments and mechanism researches were performed. Results The results showed that KLF9 expression was decreased in EC tissues, and the reduced expression of KLF9 is associated with highly metastatic capacity of EC cells. KLF9 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of EC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Progesterone receptor (PR) could bind to KLF9 promoter and a positive correlation between KLF9 and PR expression was witnessed. Conclusions Taken together, the reduction of KLF9 induced by PR might participate in the development of EC and targeting KLF9 may provide a novel strategy for EC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jieqi Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chenyun Dai
- Department of Translation Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Translation Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Feizhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hongdi Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200080, China
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