1
|
Anderson JC, Richter RK, Hawk M, Egan J, Miller E, Lampe K, Van Dusen CR, Chugani CD. Exploring Definitions of Consent and Healthy Relationships Among College Students with Disabilities: "I think it's fuzzy". J Fam Violence 2022; 37:1353-1366. [PMID: 36300014 PMCID: PMC9590619 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-021-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose College students with disabilities (SWDs) experience elevated rates of sexual violence and intimate partner violence compared with their non-disabled peers. While tailored interventions for these pressing health issues are needed, current research lacks investigation into how SWDs conceptualize relevant key concepts, such as consent and healthy relationships. Method This descriptive qualitative study explored these concepts through semi-structured interviews with college SWDs (n=49), 18-24 years old, in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Results The results culminated in six rich, descriptive themes addressing: 1) interpersonal and intrapersonal skills necessary for relationship health; 2) normalization of unhealthy treatment by a partner due to manipulation, denial, and love for the partner; 3) how dichotomous definitions of consent interfere with practical application in lived experiences; 4) how active consent can be both facilitated and hindered within the context of a romantic relationship; 5) perceptions that healthcare providers aim to elicit disclosures of abuse rather than initiate a discussion about relationship health; and 6) students' reticence to disclose abuse to healthcare providers due to mistrust and fear over loss of agency. Conclusions These results contradict historic narratives that SWDs do not have the same sexual and relationship beliefs and experiences as other students and highlight the perspectives of this marginalized population. Implications for campus prevention programming and healthcare practices include incorporating intersections of disability and violence, discussing the nuances of consent and substance use, and creating conversations about relationship health that are transparent, non-judgmental, and include a broad range of types of abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Hawk
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - James Egan
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Kelli Lampe
- Counseling Academic Unit, Oregon State University
- University Counseling Center, Division of Student Affairs, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Carla D. Chugani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kubota S, Nakazawa E. Concept and implications of sexual consent for education: a systematic review of empirical studies. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2022.2039617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kubota
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Nakazawa
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are serious issues for female college students. Approximately one third of women have experienced physical violence or SV in their lifetime. Female college students experience high rates of both IPV and SV. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe the experiences of violence and associated factors reported by college women. METHODS This secondary analysis included data from a cross-sectional study focused on IPV/SV screening in college health centers. Random samples of female undergraduate students, aged 18-25 years, from five participating universities in the northeastern United States were contacted via email and invited to participate in the study. Eight hundred seventy-three young women met the inclusion criteria and completed survey measures. RESULTS More than half (52%, n = 457) of female undergraduate students reported having experienced at least one episode of violence in their lifetime. Almost 12% reported experiencing IPV or SV during the preceding semester. For women reporting recent experiences of violence, forced unwanted sexual activities accounted for nearly half of all reported episodes of violence (n = 46). Heavier alcohol drinking on the weekends was correlated with reports of forced sex. DISCUSSION The results highlight the prevalence of past and recent IPV/SV and increased risk among college women. Further research is needed to identify risk factors of both victimization and perpetration and the milieu of risk on college campuses. Forensic nurses should be key stakeholders in the development and implementation of interventions for violence education, screening, and referral.
Collapse
|
4
|
Eisman AB, Ngo QM, Kusunoki YY, Bonar EE, Zimmerman MA, Cunningham RM, Walton MA. Sexual Violence Victimization Among Youth Presenting to an Urban Emergency Department: The Role of Violence Exposure in Predicting Risk. Health Educ Behav 2018; 45:625-634. [PMID: 29199476 PMCID: PMC6551613 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117741941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence (SV) is a widespread public health problem among adolescents and emerging adults with significant short- and long-term consequences. Young people living in urban, disadvantaged communities with high rates of violence may be especially at risk for SV victimization. Understanding interconnections between different forms of violence is critical to reducing SV risk among youth. Participants were youth ( N = 599) ages 14 to 24 years ( M = 20.05, SD = 2.42) presenting to an urban emergency department with a Level 1 trauma designation as part of a prospective cohort study and followed-up for 24 months. We used logistic regression to examine the probability of reporting SV during the 24-month follow-up based on baseline reports of community and peer violence exposure, accounting for previous SV victimization, substance use, and sociodemographic characteristics. Among youth presenting to an urban emergency department, 22% of youth not seeking care for a sexual assault reported any lifetime SV (forced and/or substance-induced sexual intercourse) at baseline. During the 24-month follow-up, 12% reported SV victimization. We found high community violence exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01, 8.68]) and peer violence exposure (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.19, 2.08]) were associated with increased odds of reporting SV during follow-up in addition to previous SV victimization (OR = 2.71, 95% CI [1.45, 5.09]). Sex, age, parent education, and alcohol or other drug use at baseline were not associated with odds of SV during follow-up. Investigating interconnections between SV victimization and other forms of violence across socioecological levels provides an opportunity to advance SV research and identify promising avenues for prevention based on other violence prevention research. Future strategies for SV prevention that incorporate community and peer components as well as SV-specific content may help reduce SV victimization among youth living in urban, disadvantaged communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andria B. Eisman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Quyen M. Ngo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan
Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasamin Y. Kusunoki
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership,
University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin E. Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of
Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA,University of Michigan Injury Center, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA,Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA
| | - Rebecca M. Cunningham
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School
of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan
Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Injury Center, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA,Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, Hurley Medical Center,
Flint, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A. Walton
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of
Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Injury Center, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Porta CM, Mathiason MA, Lust K, Eisenberg ME. Sexual Violence Among College Students: An Examination of Individual and Institutional Level Factors Associated With Perpetration. J Forensic Nurs 2017; 13:109-117. [PMID: 28820771 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual violence incidents involving college students have received media attention and increased awareness of this public health problem in the United States; prevention efforts are needed that target potential perpetrators. We examined characteristics of self-reported perpetrators of sexual violence on campuses. METHODS This study used a secondary data analysis of the 2015 College Student Health Survey, an annual survey, which was completed by students attending 17 colleges/universities in Minnesota. The analytic sample included 6,548 18-to 24-year-old college students who answered at least one of two questions assessing perpetration in the past 12 months (i.e., sex/sexual touch without consent). Chi-square tests were used to detect associations between perpetration and individual (e.g., age, race, substance use, victimization) and institutional (e.g., school type, location) level characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified predictive models for being a perpetrator of sexual violence. RESULTS Fifty-two students reported perpetration of sexual violence in the past year, including 29 rapes. Overall, self-reported perpetrators of sexual violence are more likely to be men, to have been a victim in his or her lifetime, to have smoked marijuana in the past 12 months (but not the past month), and to be younger (18 or 19 years old). Institutional level characteristics, including school type and location, did not yield significant associations with perpetration. DISCUSSION Sexual violence prevention and response efforts toward college students need to be inclusive, especially targeting individual level factors, and considerate of the victimization-perpetration comorbidity experienced by many students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Porta
- Author Affiliations: 1School of Nursing, University of Minnesota; 2Boynton Health, University of Minnesota; and 3Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|