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Semaan MT, Zheng QY, Han F, Zheng Y, Yu H, Heaphy JC, Megerian CA. Characterization of neuronal cell death in the spiral ganglia of a mouse model of endolymphatic hydrops. Otol Neurotol 2013; 34:559-69. [PMID: 23462289 PMCID: PMC3628741 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e3182868312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) in the Phex male mouse, a murine model of postnatal endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) undergo progressive deterioration reminiscent of human and other animal models of ELH with features suggesting apoptosis as an important mechanism. BACKGROUND Histologic analysis of the mutant's cochlea demonstrates ELH by postnatal Day (P) 21 and SGN loss by P90. The SGN loss seems to occur in a consistent topographic pattern beginning at the cochlear apex. METHODS SGN were counted at P60, P90, and P120. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemical analyses of activated caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were performed on cochlear sections obtained from mutants and controls. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay (TUNEL) was carried out on 2 mutants and 2 controls. RESULTS Corrected SGN counts in control mice were greater in the apical turn of the cochleae at P90 and P120, respectively (p < 0.01). Increased expression of activated caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 was seen in the mutant. At later time points, activated caspase expression gradually declined in the apical turns and increased in basal turns of the cochlea. Quantitative and semiquantitative PCR analysis confirmed increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 at P21 and P40. TUNEL staining demonstrated apoptosis at P90 in the apical and basal turns of the mutant cochleae. CONCLUSION SGN degeneration in the Phex /Y mouse seems to mimic patterns observed in other animals with ELH. Apoptosis plays an important role in the degeneration of the SGN in the Phex male mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun T Semaan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Gázquez I, Moreno A, Requena T, Ohmen J, Santos-Perez S, Aran I, Soto-Varela A, Pérez-Garrigues H, López-Nevot A, Batuecas A, Friedman RA, López-Nevot MA, López-Escamez JA. Functional variants of MIF, INFG and TFNA genes are not associated with disease susceptibility or hearing loss progression in patients with Ménière's disease. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012. [PMID: 23179933 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Variability in acute immune response genes could determine susceptibility or prognosis for Ménière's disease (MD). The cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and interferon γ (INFγ) are proinflammatory cytokines of the innate immune response. These cytokines mediate inflammation and have been previously associated with the inflammatory process in several autoimmune diseases. We investigated the association between functional allelic variants of MIF (rs35688089), IFNG (rs2234688) and TNFA (rs1800629) in patients with MD. In addition to testing these variants for an association with disease, we also tested for an association with clinical aspects of disease progression, such as persistence of vertigo and the sensorineural hearing loss. A total of 580 patients with diagnosis of definite MD, according to the diagnostic scale of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and 552 healthy controls were included. DNA samples from a set of 291 American patients were used to confirm the results obtained in the MIF gene in our Spanish cohort. Although we found a significant association with the allele containing five repeats of CATT within the MIF gene in patients with MD in the Spanish cohort [corrected p = 0.008, OR = 0.69 (95 % CI, 0.54-0.88)], this finding could not be replicated in the American set. Moreover, no genetic associations for variants in either the TNFA or IFNG genes and MD were found. These results support the conclusion that functional variants of MIF, INFG, and TFNA genes are not associated with disease susceptibility or hearing loss progression in patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gázquez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Centro de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía (GENyO), Avda. de la Ilustración, 114, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Nakashima T, Sone M, Teranishi M, Yoshida T, Terasaki H, Kondo M, Yasuma T, Wakabayashi T, Nagatani T, Naganawa S. A perspective from magnetic resonance imaging findings of the inner ear: Relationships among cerebrospinal, ocular and inner ear fluids. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012; 39:345-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Interruption of the excitotoxic and inflammatory pathways implicated in endolymphatic hydrops (ELH)-associated hearing loss (HL) should afford hearing protection at the neuronal level. BACKGROUND Previous work in our laboratory in the mouse model of ELH shows that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an anti-inflammatory solvent, can slow the progression of HL before neuronal degeneration occurs. Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, may provide synergistic benefit. This study was designed to quantify the effects of DMSO and riluzole in a long-term model. METHODS Guinea pigs with surgically induced ELH were sorted into 3 groups: riluzole+DMSO (Group 1), DMSO alone (Group 2), and untreated controls (Group 3). Animals in Groups 1 and 2 received daily injections of the study drug(s). All animals underwent auditory-evoked brainstem response evaluation every 4 weeks until 24 weeks, when they were sacrificed. Cochleae were preserved; spiral ganglion density was quantified. Animals without hydrops were excluded from the study as surgical failures. RESULTS Animals from all groups developed unilateral HL. At the end of the experiment, HL was significantly lower in Group 1 relative to Group 3 (p = 0.049) and trended toward lower in Group 2 relative to Group 3 (p = 0.097). Groups 1 and 2 were not different (p = 0.311). At the cellular level, there is no evidence of neuronal degeneration in either treated group, whereas there is a significant neuronal degeneration in the untreated group. CONCLUSION These results confirm the hearing protection observed with DMSO in short-term studies. However, unlike the previous study, which showed no additive benefit to riluzole, the combined treatment group in this study showed a hearing-protective effect at 24 weeks. This indicates a potential additive benefit conferred by riluzole toward long-term hearing protection. The study also finds evidence of statistically significant neuronal protection with both treatment groups. Overall, study provides additional evidence that DMSO and riluzole may preserve or slow the long-term progression of ELH-associated HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhael R. Momin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Sami J. Melki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Joy O. Obokhare
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Souha A. Fares
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maroun T. Semaan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Cliff A. Megerian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
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Gazquez I, Lopez-Escamez JA, Moreno A, Campbell CA, Meyer NC, Carey JP, Minor LB, Gantz BJ, Hansen MR, Santina CCD, Aran I, Soto-Varela A, Santos S, Batuecas A, Perez-Garrigues H, Lopez-Nevot A, Smith RJ, Lopez-Nevot MA. Functional Variants in NOS1 and NOS2A Are Not Associated with Progressive Hearing Loss in Ménière's Disease in a European Caucasian Population. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:699-708. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gazquez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, GENYO, Centro de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica–Pfizer, Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lopez-Escamez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, GENYO, Centro de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica–Pfizer, Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital de Poniente, El Ejido, Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Moreno
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Nicole C. Meyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John P. Carey
- Departments of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lloyd B. Minor
- Departments of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bruce J. Gantz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Marlan R. Hansen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Charles C. Della Santina
- Departments of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ismael Aran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Andres Soto-Varela
- Division of Otoneurology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Sofia Santos
- Division of Otoneurology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Angel Batuecas
- Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Lopez-Nevot
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A. Lopez-Nevot
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Semaan MT, Megerian CA. Contemporary perspectives on the pathophysiology of Meniere's disease: implications for treatment. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 18:392-8. [PMID: 20639763 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32833d3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Meniere's disease is characterized by episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, aural fullness and tinnitus. Endolymphatic hydrops, found on post-mortem examination, is the histologic hallmark. Recent research suggests that endolymphatic hydrops results from cytochemical perturbations of unknown etiology that lead to disturbance of the normal endolymphatic fluid homeostasis. This consequent hydropic state or the associated cytochemical perturbations appears to create a neurotoxic environment that ultimately leads to spiral ganglion cell death likely via the apoptotic mechanism. This review highlights some of the recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of endolymphatic hydrops and progressive cochleovestibular deterioration, with emphasis placed on its potential therapeutic implications. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence supports that endolymphatic hydrops is possibly an epiphenomenon, and is preceded by perturbation of the normal ionic transport regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, chronic cochleovestibular deterioration appears to be the result of an excitotoxic response to chronic hydrops. A recently described animal model, the Phex mouse, carrying a mutation in the Phex Hyp-Duk gene, provides a novel insight to genetically regulated postnatal endolymphatic hydrops and a useful tool to expand our understanding. SUMMARY Despite encouraging recent advances, there are considerable challenges that remain in the development of targeted therapeutic interventions that may offer new avenues of neuroprotection in known cases of Meniere's disease. These advances will hopefully provide pharmacotherapeutic interventions aimed at preventing progressive cochleovestibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun T Semaan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Melki SJ, Heddon CM, Frankel JK, Levitt AH, Momin SR, Alagramam KN, Megerian CA. Pharmacological protection of hearing loss in the mouse model of endolymphatic hydrops. Laryngoscope 2010; 120:1637-45. [PMID: 20641076 DOI: 10.1002/lary.21018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Excitotoxic and related inflammatory injury are implicated in the spiral ganglion degeneration seen with Meniere's disease and endolymphatic hydrops (ELH). Excitotoxicity is initiated with glutamate elevation and associated with downstream increases in reactive oxygen species resulting in inflammation-mediated neuronal degeneration. This study tests the hypothesis that interruption of the initial and/or downstream aspects of excitotoxicity should provide hearing protection in ELH-associated hearing loss. STUDY DESIGN This study tests whether riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant solvent with favorable properties at the level of glutamate receptors, can protect against early-stage hearing loss in a mouse model of ELH. METHODS The Phex(Hyp-Duk) mouse spontaneously develops ELH and postnatal hearing loss. Starting at postnatal day 6 (P6), daily injections of riluzole + DMSO or just DMSO were administered. Untreated mutants served as controls. At P21, P25, and P30, hearing function was assessed by recording auditory brainstem responses. A cochlear function index was developed to assess global cochlear function at each time point. RESULTS Compared to no treatment, DMSO provided significant hearing protection (P < .05). The riluzole + DMSO also showed protection, but it was statistically indistinguishable from DMSO alone; a synergistic increase in protection with riluzole was not observed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates pharmacological hearing protection in an animal model of ELH. The results support the assertion that inflammatory (reactive oxygen species) injury, which is part of the excitotoxic pathway, contributes to the development of ELH-associated hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami J Melki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Lopez-Escamez JA, Moreno A, Bernal M, Perez-Garrigues H, Santos-Perez S, Soto-Varela A, Aran I, Fernandez-Sanfrancisco O, Lopez-Nevot A, Lopez-Nevot MA. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) longer alleles spanning the promoter region may confer protection to bilateral Meniere's disease. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:1222-5. [PMID: 19863315 DOI: 10.3109/00016480802684080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION The longer alleles (CA)17-20 of the promoter region of PARP-1 gene may confer some protection against bilateral Meniere's disease (BMD). OBJECTIVE To analyze microsatellite (CA)(n) polymorphisms in the promoter region of PARP-1 gene and seek out risk and protective variants for BMD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty patients from two ethnically defined groups with definite BMD, according to the diagnostic scale of the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, were compared with a group of 371 normal controls from the same origin in a prospective multicenter study. We developed a specific amplification protocol to determine the PARP1-promotor CA microsatellite polymorphisms. RESULTS We found that the longer alleles (CA)17-20 had a very low frequency in BMD (2/160, 1.3%, OR=7.33 (1.77-30.37, 95% CI), corrected p=0.012), suggesting that it may confer some protection against BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Lopez-Escamez
- Otology & Neurotology Group, Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital de Poniente de Almería, Ctra. de Almerimar s/n, El Ejido, Almería.
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