1
|
Mihai IR, Rezus C, Burlui MA, Cardoneanu A, Macovei LA, Richter P, Bratoiu I, Rezus E. Autoimmune Liver Diseases and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Is There an Etiopathogenic Link? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3848. [PMID: 38612658 PMCID: PMC11011907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune-mediated disease that, in addition to the articular involvement, can have extra-articular manifestations. Even though liver damage in RA is not very common, associated autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) may occur. The most common AILD associated with RA is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), followed by autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). There are common underlying mechanisms that play a role in the emergence of autoimmunity and inflammation in both rheumatic and autoimmune liver diseases. Genetic studies have revealed the existence of several common disease-associated genes shared between RA and AILDs, and infectious triggers, particularly those associated with recurrent or complicated urinary tract infections, are also speculated to be potential triggers for these conditions. Moreover, these diseases share common serologic patterns characterized by the presence of specific autoantibodies and hyper-gammaglobulinemia. In this study, we focus on reviewing the association between RA and AILDs regarding the prevalence and possible etiopathogenic link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ruxandra Mihai
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (L.A.M.); (E.R.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Sfantul Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Alexandra Burlui
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (L.A.M.); (E.R.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Cardoneanu
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (L.A.M.); (E.R.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luana Andreea Macovei
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (L.A.M.); (E.R.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Patricia Richter
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (L.A.M.); (E.R.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Bratoiu
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (L.A.M.); (E.R.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (L.A.M.); (E.R.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fiel MI, Schiano TD. Systemic Disease and the Liver Part 2: Pregnancy-Related Liver Injury, Sepsis/Critical Illness, Hypoxia, Psoriasis, Scleroderma/Sjogren's Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Common Variable Immune Deficiency, Cystic Fibrosis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Hematologic Disorders. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:485-498. [PMID: 37536884 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The liver is involved in many multisystem diseases and commonly may manifest with abnormal liver chemistry tests. The liver test perturbations may be multifactorial in nature, however, as patients are receiving many different medications and can also have intrinsic liver disease that may be exacerbated by the systemic disorder. Some disorders have typical histologic findings that can be diagnosed on liver biopsy, whereas others will show a more nonspecific histology. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions so as to consider the performance of a liver biopsy at the most opportune time and setting to help establish the diagnosis of acute or chronic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Thomas D Schiano
- Division of Liver Diseases, Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place-Box 1104, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Figus FA, Piga M, Azzolin I, McConnell R, Iagnocco A. Rheumatoid arthritis: Extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102776. [PMID: 33609792 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although synovitis is the pathological hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), many extra-articular manifestations (EMs) and comorbidities likely occur due to the complex, chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune features of RA. Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the most common cause of death in patients with RA. Compared to the general population, patients with RA have twice the risk of myocardial infarction and up to 50% increased CV mortality risk. Severe and prolonged disease activity, genetics, and inflammation (e.g. CRP, ACPA, cytokines, matrix-degrading enzymes) play important roles in CV disease and atheroscleroticdamage. The second major cause of death in patients with RA is respiratory disease, which occurs in 30-40% of patients. RA may affect the lung interstitium, airways, and pleurae, while pulmonary vascular involvement is less frequent. Central and peripheral nervous system involvement is usually due to small vessel vasculitis, joint damage, or drug toxicity. There is also evidence that microvascular cerebral damage caused by systemic inflammation is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Some observational studies have hinted how Disease Modified Anti-Rheumatic Drugs and biologics could reduce the incidence of dementia. Primary gastrointestinal and renal involvements are rare and often relate to drug therapy. To minimize morbidity and mortality, physicians must manage RA disease activity (treat-to-target) and monitor risk factors and concomitant conditions (e.g. smoking cessation; weight regulation; monitoring blood pressure, lipids, thyroid hormone, folic acid and homocysteine; screening for depression, anxiety, atlantoaxial instability, and atherosclerosis). This article aims to provide an overview of the most prevalent and important EMs and comorbidities associated with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Assunta Figus
- Academic Rheumatology Centre, MFRU and Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Irene Azzolin
- Academic Rheumatology Centre, MFRU and Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Iagnocco
- Academic Rheumatology Centre, MFRU and Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Rheumatological diseases (RDs) represent a diverse group of diseases that are inherited or related to environmental factors. RDs frequently affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and gastroenterologists are often asked to evaluate patients with symptoms thought to represent an underlying or coexisting RD. GI manifestations of RDs vary based on the organ involved as well as the extent and duration of involvement. Although most manifestations of RD are nonspecific and not life-threatening, the chronicity and severity of symptoms can be debilitating and may lead to serious injury. This narrative review discusses the most common RD encountered by gastroenterologists: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), dermatomyositis/polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, overlap syndromes, mixed connective tissue disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, and other vasculitides. Each section begins with a brief overview of the condition, followed by a discussion of the etiopathophysiology, physical examination findings, GI manifestations, diagnostic tools (i.e., serologic, imaging, endoscopic, and functional), and treatment options.
Collapse
|
5
|
Campani C, Guido M, Colagrande S, Bartoli F, Arena U, Marra F. A Large Rheumatoid Nodule Mimicking Hepatic Malignancy. Hepatology 2019; 69:1345-1348. [PMID: 30194686 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Campani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Dipartimento di Medicina, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Colagrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Umberto Arena
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Research Center DENOTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giovannini M, Luzzati M, Ferrara G, Buccoliero AM, Simonini G, de Martino M, Cimaz R, Giani T. Common symptoms for a rare disease in a girl with sarcoidosis: a case report. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:74. [PMID: 29954416 PMCID: PMC6025712 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis in pediatric age is uncommon and challenging diagnosis, because manifestations can be significantly variable and non-specific since it is a multisystem disease, and virtually any organ system may be involved. Case presentation In this report, we describe the case of a 12-year-old girl presenting with fatigue and weight loss, with a painless hepato-splenomegaly without additional clinical signs on physical examination. In our patient, once we had ruled out infections, malignancies and granulomatous diseases of childhood, we made diagnosis of sarcoidosis, finding suggestive histological features in two different tissues (liver and lymph nodes) with lung involvement. Conclusions Our case points out that pediatricians should consider sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis in case of systemic symptoms, even in absence of other specific clinical clues, because they represent the most common clinical manifestations on presentation in children, in order to refer promptly the young patient to specialist evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Giovannini
- University of Florence, piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Luzzati
- University of Florence, piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrara
- University of Trieste, via dell'Istria, 65/1, 34100, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Buccoliero
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Simonini
- University of Florence, piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy.,Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio de Martino
- University of Florence, piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy.,Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- University of Florence, piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy.,Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Teresa Giani
- Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vidali S, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Feichtinger RG, Vatrinet R, Koller A, Locker F, Rutherford T, O'Donnell M, Stöger-Kleiber A, Lambert B, Felder TK, Sperl W, Kofler B. The ketogenic diet is not feasible as a therapy in a CD-1 nu/nu mouse model of renal cell carcinoma with features of Stauffer's syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57201-15. [PMID: 28915665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet, has shown some efficacy in the treatment of certain types of tumors such as brain tumors and neuroblastoma. These tumors are characterized by the Warburg effect. Because renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presents similar energetic features as neuroblastoma, KD might also be effective in the treatment of RCC. To test this, we established xenografts with RCC 786-O cells in CD-1 nu/nu mice and then randomized them to a control diet or to KDs with different triglyceride contents. Although the KDs tended to reduce tumor growth, mouse survival was dramatically reduced due to massive weight loss. A possible explanation comes from observations of human RCC patients, who often experience secondary non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction due to secretion of high levels of inflammatory cytokines by the RCCs. Measurement of the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 revealed high expression in the RCC xenografts compared to the original 786-O cells. The expression of TNFα, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were all increased in the livers of tumor-bearing mice, and KD significantly boosted their expression. KDs did not cause weight loss or liver inflammation in healthy mice, suggesting that KDs are per se safe, but might be contraindicated in the treatment of RCC patients presenting with Stauffer's syndrome, because they potentially worsen the associated hepatic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen HA, Chiu CC, Huang CY, Chen LJ, Tsai CC, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. Lactoferrin Increases Antioxidant Activities and Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis in Lupus-Prone Mice Fed with a High-Cholesterol Diet. J Med Food 2016; 19:670-7. [PMID: 27332506 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) has beneficial effects against various diseases. However, the effects of LF on liver fibrosis in systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are unknown. In this study, NZB/W F1 mice were utilized to investigate the effects of LF on SLE. Experiments reveal that LF significantly increases glutathione and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl levels and significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels in both serum and liver in NZB/W F1 mice. LF also lowered matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and liver inflammatory indices, such as aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Notably, significantly decreased expression of fibrotic related molecules, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and TGF-β1 receptor, were observed in the livers of NZB/W F1 mice that had been treated with LF. Significantly, suppressed Smad2/3 signaling, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen deposition were also detected. These findings reveal that LF has beneficial effects on SLE by increasing antioxidant activities and ameliorating liver inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting the therapeutic effectiveness of LF against SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-An Chen
- 1 Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Chiu
- 2 Department of Neurology, Chunghua Christian Hospital , Chunghua, Taiwan .,3 Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Chunghua Christian Hospital , Chunghua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- 4 Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .,5 Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .,6 Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jeng Chen
- 7 Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chou Tsai
- 7 Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- 7 Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- 7 Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,9 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abe H, Kamimura K, Kawai H, Kamimura H, Domori K, Kobayashi Y, Nomoto M, Aoyagi Y. Diagnostic imaging of hepatic lymphoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:435-42. [PMID: 25541481 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis because of delayed diagnosis. The disease comprises primary, metastatic, and intravascular hepatic lymphomas. The pathological characteristics of lymphomas differ contributing to difficulty in early diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment result in improved prognosis; therefore, diagnostic radiology and its development with various contrast agents are critical for improving disease outcomes. Herein, we review hepatic lymphomas and summarize the results of imaging studies in correlation with pathological characteristics. The information provided will help physicians in early diagnosis and thereby improving prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Domori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru Nomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Aoyagi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bedoya ME, Ceccato F, Paira S. Hepatomegalia y esplenomegalia en una paciente con artritis reumatoide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 11:227-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
11
|
Casazza I, Guglietta MA, Argento G. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of haemobilia. Case Rep Radiol 2013; 2013:792109. [PMID: 24455379 DOI: 10.1155/2013/792109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemobilia is a rare cause of unrecognized gastrointestinal bleeding and is hard to diagnose. Through the present case report we aim to corroborate magnetic resonance relevance in the evaluation of biliary system and bile features, investigating on its role in patients with acute biliary diseases. We report a case of a Caucasian 48-year-old man who was admitted due to abdominal pain and fever. After an ultrasonography exam we detected multiple cysts in the hepatic left lobe: imaging features, laboratory findings, and patient past work experience (woodcutter) suggested a diagnosis of hepatic Echinococcosis. Once surgery decision was taken, patient underwent an intervention of cystopericystectomy. On the 8th postoperative day, the procedure was complicated by black stool, jaundice, and severe anaemia. Acomputed tomography revealed an inhomogeneous collection with some air bubbles in the area of previous surgical intervention, but it was not able to solve the diagnosis question. At this stage a magnetic resonance study was mandatory. On T2-weighted images we observed an expanse gallbladder with hypointense intraluminal material and a considerable intrahepatic biliary system dilatation due to bloody material. On the basis of these examination results, we supposed haemobilia arising from previous surgical intervention. A therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure led to decompression of biliary system through a major papilla sphincterotomy with spillage of bile mixed with blood clots.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fallahzadeh MK, Fallahzadeh MA, Mojtahedi Y, Dehghani SM, Shorafa E, Basiratnia M, Geramizadeh B, Fallahzadeh MH. Granulomatous liver involvement in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of the literature. Lupus 2013; 22:1388-93. [PMID: 24003081 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313504146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is uncommon in young children and unusual in infancy. Although a variety of liver pathologies have been reported in SLE, presentation of this disease with granulomatous liver involvement is very rare. In this article, for the first time, we report an infant girl presenting with unexplained hepatosplenomegaly and non-necrotizing granulomatous liver involvement at the age of six months who later developed pancytopenia and proteinuria and was finally diagnosed with SLE at the age of three years. Therefore, we suggest that SLE could be considered as one of the possible differential diagnoses when infants or children present with unexplained granulomatous liver involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Fallahzadeh
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmed S, Johnson PT, Fishman EK. Defining vascular signatures of malignant hepatic masses: role of MDCT with 3D rendering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 38:763-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00261-012-9934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Huang D, Aghdassi E, Su J, Mosko J, Hirschfield GM, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Fortin PR. Prevalence and risk factors for liver biochemical abnormalities in Canadian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2011; 39:254-61. [PMID: 22174205 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and whether further investigations were done, and the differences in SLE-related and/or metabolic factors in patients with and without liver biochemical abnormalities. METHOD Patients from the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic who met at least 4 of the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE and had 1.5 times the upper limit for aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase on 2 consecutive visits within a 2-year period were matched with controls for age, sex, and SLE duration. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted at the time of the first appearance of liver enzyme abnormality for the cases and at the reference point for the controls. RESULTS From the 1533 patients reviewed, 134 (8.7%) met the inclusion criteria. Thirty of these patients were evaluated by a hepatologist, 75 had imaging studies (41 were done specifically for liver investigation), and 13 had liver biopsies. Results based on these investigations showed 31 fatty livers, 35 cases of drug-induced hepatotoxicity, 10 autoimmune etiologies, and 3 cases of viral hepatitis. Compared to controls, cases were higher in body mass index, anti-dsDNA antibody, prevalence of hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome, and use of immunosuppressive medication, especially azathioprine and methotrexate; they were lower in IgM. CONCLUSION Metabolic abnormalities such as obesity and hypertension and hepatotoxic effects of medication used to treat SLE may contribute more than SLE-related factors to liver biochemical abnormalities in patients with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Huang
- Division of Health Care and Outcome Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
da Graça Ferronato M, Staub LJ, Teixeira Pinto Viana RC, da Rosa L, Cacese Shiozawa MB, Narciso-Schiavon JL, Dantas-Correa EB, de Lucca Schiavon L. Cholestasis as the initial presentation of relapsing polychondritis. Ann Hepatol 2011. [PMID: 21911901 DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis is an immune-mediated disease associated with inflammation in cartilaginous structures and other tissues throughout the body, particularly the ears, nose, eyes, joints, and respiratory tract. Although association with other conditions is seen in about one-third of the cases, liver involvement is not usually observed in those patients. We described a case of liver involvement in relapsing polychondritis, presenting with a predominantly cholestatic pattern. Other conditions associated with abnormal liver tests were excluded and the patient showed a prompt response to steroid therapy. We discuss the spectrum of the liver involvement in relapsing and review the literature.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Many liver diseases coexist with chronic renal disease, because many systemic conditions affect both the liver and the kidneys. Certain liver diseases are also common in patients with chronic renal disease, especially viral hepatitis, either because the renal disease occurs as a complication of viral hepatitis, or the viral hepatitis is acquired as a result of dialysis. Renal tubular dysfunction is also frequently observed with cholestasis. However, liver complications of renal diseases are extremely uncommon, notable examples include nephrogenic ascites and nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction. Nephrogenic ascites can mimic liver cirrhosis with ascites, and it improves with renal transplantation. Nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction is a manifestation of renal cell carcinoma, which settles with the removal of the renal cell carcinoma, but returns with the recurrence of the tumor. In general, the presence of liver disease in patients with chronic renal disease makes management of both conditions more challenging. Viral hepatitis should be treated, if possible, before renal transplant. If cirrhosis is present, renal transplant alone is contraindicated; combined liver and kidney transplantation is indicated in patients with end-stage renal disease and advanced cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Wong
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, 9th floor, North Wing, Room 983, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto M5G 2C4, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are considered as putative autoimmune diseases of the liver. Whereas strong evidence that bacterial infection may trigger PBC exists, the etiologies for PSC and AIH remain unknown. Although there have been significant discoveries of genetic polymorphisms that may underlie the susceptibility to these liver diseases, their associations with environmental triggers and the subsequent implications have been difficult to elucidate. While single nucleotide polymorphisms within the negative costimulatory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been suggested as genetic susceptibility factors for all three disorders, we discuss the implications of CTLA-4 susceptibility alleles mainly in the context of PBC, where Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, an ubiquitous alphaproteobacterium, has recently been specifically associated with the pathogenesis of this devastating liver disease. Ultimately, the discovery of infectious triggers of PBC may expand the concept of genetic susceptibility in immune-mediated liver diseases from the concept of aberrant immune responses against self-antigens to insufficient and/or inappropriate immunological defense mechanisms allowing microbes to cross natural barriers, establish infection and damage respective target organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Mattner
- Jochen Mattner, Microbiology Institute - Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D91054, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gonzalez-Granado LI. Multiple faces of sarcoidosis mimicking an underlying disease: don't forget immunoglobulin G. South Med J 2009; 102:1281. [PMID: 20016447 DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181bfa935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
González-Granado LI. [The many faces of paediatric sarcoidosis: the common variable immunodeficiency as an underlying cause]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2010; 72:161-2. [PMID: 19880359 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
21
|
Kranidiotis GP, Voidonikola PT, Dimopoulos MK, Anastasiou-Nana MI. Stauffer's syndrome as a prominent manifestation of renal cancer: a case report. Cases J 2009; 2:49. [PMID: 19144140 PMCID: PMC2628869 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma is associated with a wide spectrum of para-neoplastic syndromes, which may be precursors of primary or recurrent disease. Non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction in patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma is known as Stauffer's syndrome. It is associated with the production of cytokines by the tumour, and several biochemical abnormalities, including elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Case presentation We describe a 36-year-old woman presenting with various non-specific, systemic disease manifestations, and elevated liver enzymes due to cholestasis as the main laboratory abnormality. Imaging studies showed a solid mass in the left kidney, which, after surgical excision, was identified as renal cell carcinoma. No metastasis was found. Conclusion Stauffer syndrome may precede other manifestations of renal cell carcinoma. In case of unexplained abnormal liver function, particularly in presence of systemic symptoms, underlying renal cell carcinoma should be excluded by focused investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios P Kranidiotis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Alexandra" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|