Association of BAX hypermethylation with coronary heart disease is specific to individuals aged over 70

Epigenetic remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

In this review, we critically address the role of epigenetic processing and its therapeutic modulation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

RECENT FINDINGS

HFpEF associates with a poor prognosis and the identification of novel molecular targets and therapeutic approaches are in high demand. Emerging evidence indicates a key involvement of epigenetic signals in the regulation of transcriptional programs underpinning features of HFpEF. The growing understanding of chromatin dynamics has led to the development of selective epigenetic drugs able to reset transcriptional changes thus delaying or preventing the progression toward HFpEF. Epigenetic information in the setting of HFpEF can be employed to: (i) dissect novel epigenetic networks and chromatin marks contributing to HFpEF; (ii) unveil circulating and cell-specific epigenetic biomarkers; (iii) build predictive models by using computational epigenetics and deep machine learning; (iv) develop new chromatin modifying drugs for personalized management of HFpEF.

SUMMARY

Acquired epigenetic signatures during the lifetime can contribute to derail molecular pathways involved in HFpEF. A scrutiny investigation of the individual epigenetic landscape will offer opportunities to develop personalized epigenetic biomarkers and therapies to fight HFpEF in the decades to come.

A male-specific association between AGTR1 hypermethylation and coronary heart disease

The AGTR1 gene encodes angiotensin II receptor type 1, which is involved in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD). In the current study, we analyzed AGTR1 promoter methylation level in a Han Chinese population by SYBR green-based quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). We collected blood samples from 761 CHD patients and 398 non-CHD controls at the Ningbo First Hospital. A data mining analysis was also performed to explore the association between AGTR1 methylation and AGTR1 gene expression, using datasets from the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Our results showed a significantly higher percentage of methylated reference (PMR) of AGTR1 in male CHD patients compared with male non-CHD controls (median PMR: 2.12% vs. 0.59%, p = 0.037). The data mining analysis showed that AGTR1 expression was significantly increased in human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with the demethylation agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (fold = 3.12, p = 0.009). Further data mining analysis using the cholangiocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas) data indicated an inverse association between AGTR1 methylation and AGTR1 expression (r = -0.595, p = 1.29E-04). Overall, our results suggest that AGTR1 methylation is involved in the regulation of AGTR1 gene expression and that AGTR1 hypermethylation is associated with CHD in males. These findings may provide new clues about the pathogenesis of CHD.