1
|
Matos ADO, Dantas PHDS, Queiroz HAGDB, Silva-Sales M, Sales-Campos H. TREM-2: friend or foe in infectious diseases? Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:1-19. [PMID: 36403150 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2146481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2) is an immune receptor expressed on immune and non-immune cells, more frequently investigated in neurodegenerative disorders and considered a marker for microglia activation. In infectious diseases, the receptor was initially believed to be an anti-inflammatory molecule, opposing the inflammation triggered by TREM-1. Currently, TREM-2 is associated with different aspects in response to infectious stimuli, including the induction of bacterial phagocytosis and clearance, containment of exacerbated pro-inflammatory responses, induction of M2 differentiation and activation of Th1 lymphocytes, besides of neurological damage after viral infection. Here, we present and discuss results published in the last two decades regarding the expression, activation and functions of TREM-2 during the course of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. A surprisingly plasticity was observed regarding the roles of the receptor in the aforementioned contexts, which largely varied according to the cell/organ and pathogen type, besides influencing disease outcome. Therefore, our review aimed to critically overview the role of TREM-2 in infectious diseases, highlighting its potential to be used as a clinical biomarker or therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelle Silva-Sales
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun M, Yang L, Zong Q, Ying L, Liu X, Lin R. Serum soluble triggering receptor levels expressed on myeloid cells2 identify early acute kidney injury in infants and young children after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1185151. [PMID: 37435171 PMCID: PMC10330694 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1185151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential complication after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) of pediatric cardiac surgery and contributes to a certain amount of perioperative mortality. Serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells2 (sTREM2) is an inflammation-associated cytokine in circulation. Alterations of sTREM2 level have been reported in Alzheimer's disease, sepsis, and some other pathologic conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of sTREM2 as a forecasting factor for AKI in infants and young children and other factors associated with early renal injury after pediatric CPB. Methods A prospective cohort study with consecutive infants and young children ≤ 3 years old undergoing CPB from September 2021 to August 2022 was conducted in an affiliated university children's hospital. These patients were divided into an AKI group (n = 10) and a non-AKI group (n = 60). Children's characteristics and clinical data were measured. Perioperative sTREM2 levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In children developing AKI, the sTREM2 levels significantly decreased at the beginning of CPB compared to the non-AKI group. Based on binary logistic regression analysis and multivariable regression analysis, risk-adjusted classification for congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1), operation time, and the s-TREM2 level at the beginning of CPB (AUC = 0.839, p = 0.001, optimal cut-off value: 716.0 pg/ml) had predictive value for post-CPB AKI. When combining the sTREM2 level at the beginning of CPB and other indicators together, the area under the ROC curve enlarged. Conclusions Operation time, RACHS-1 score, and sTREM2 level at the beginning of CPB were independent prognosis factors of post-CPB AKI in infants and young children ≤ 3 years old. Decreased sTREM2 identified post-CPB AKI, and ultimately hampered the outcomes. Our findings indicated that sTREM2 may be a protective factor for AKI after CPB in infants and young children ≤ 3 years old.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Sun
- Department of CPB/ECMO, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Heart Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of CPB/ECMO, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Heart Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zong
- Department of CPB/ECMO, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Heart Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Ying
- Department of Heart Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwang Liu
- Department of Heart Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru Lin
- Department of CPB/ECMO, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Heart Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rahn S, Becker-Pauly C. Meprin and ADAM proteases as triggers of systemic inflammation in sepsis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:534-556. [PMID: 34762736 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory disorders (SIDs) comprise a broad range of diseases characterized by dysregulated excessive innate immune responses. Severe forms of SIDs can lead to organ failure and death, and their increasing incidence represents a major issue for the healthcare system. Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding of cytokines and their receptors represents a central mechanism in the regulation of inflammatory responses. The metalloprotease A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 is the best-characterized ectodomain sheddase capable of releasing TNF-α and soluble IL-6 receptor, which are decisive factors of systemic inflammation. Recently, meprin metalloproteases were also identified as IL-6 receptor sheddases and activators of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In different mouse models of SID, particularly those mimicking a sepsis-like phenotype, ADAM17 and meprins have been found to promote disease progression. In this review, we summarize the role of ADAM10, ADAM17, and meprins in the onset and progression of sepsis and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geyer CE, Newling M, Sritharan L, Griffith GR, Chen HJ, Baeten DLP, den Dunnen J. C-Reactive Protein Controls IL-23 Production by Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111638. [PMID: 34769069 PMCID: PMC8583945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein in humans that is produced in high quantities by the liver upon infection and under inflammatory conditions. Although CRP is commonly used as a marker of inflammation, CRP can also directly contribute to inflammation by eliciting pro-inflammatory cytokine production by immune cells. Since CRP is highly elevated in serum under inflammatory conditions, we have studied the CRP-induced cytokine profile of human monocytes, one of the main innate immune cell populations in blood. We identified that CRP is relatively unique in its capacity to induce production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-23, which was in stark contrast to a wide panel of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands. We show that CRP-induced IL-23 production was mediated at the level of gene transcription, since CRP particularly promoted gene transcription of IL23A (encoding IL-23p19) instead of IL12A (encoding IL-12p35), while PRR ligands induce the opposite response. Interestingly, when CRP stimulation was combined with PRR ligand stimulation, as for example, occurs in the context of sepsis, IL-23 production by monocytes was strongly reduced. Combined, these data identify CRP as a unique individual ligand to induce IL-23 production by monocytes, which may contribute to shaping systemic immune responses under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E. Geyer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Melissa Newling
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lathees Sritharan
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R. Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.R.G.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Dominique L. P. Baeten
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (L.S.); (D.L.P.B.)
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205668043
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Krocker
- Department of Surgery and Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh H, Rai V, Nooti SK, Agrawal DK. Novel ligands and modulators of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells receptor family: 2015-2020 updates. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:549-561. [PMID: 33507843 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1883587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are inflammatory amplifiers with defined pathophysiological role in various infectious diseases, acute and chronic aseptic inflammations, and a variety of cancers, depicting TREMs as prominent therapeutic targets.Areas covered: Herein, updates from 2015 to 2020 are discussed to divulge the TREM ligands, as well as their peptide blockers, claimed to modulate their expression. The article also presents different strategies employed during the last five years to block interactions between TREMs and their ligands to treat various disease conditions by modulating their expression and activity.Expert opinion: There has been significant progress in the discovery of novel ligands and modulators of TREMs in the last five years that mainly revolved around the function of TREM molecules. A few peptides showed encouraging results to modulate the expression and activity of TREMs in preclinical studies, and these peptides are currently under clinical investigation. Based on the findings so far in several careful studies, we expect novel therapeutics in the near future which could have the ability to treat various disease conditions associated with TREM expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona, California, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona, California, USA
| | - Sunil K Nooti
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|