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Sonbol FI, El-Banna TE, Abd El-Aziz AA, El-Ekhnawy E. Impact of triclosan adaptation on membrane properties, efflux and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli clinical isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:730-739. [PMID: 30431693 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Analysing the effect of step-wise exposure of Escherichia coli isolates to sublethal concentrations of triclosan (TCS) that is widely used as an antiseptic, preservative and disinfectant. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in the tolerance to the biocide itself and the cross-resistance to clinically important antibiotics were analysed. The involvement of efflux mechanism was studied as well as the possible implication of modifications in cytoplasmic membrane properties including integrity, permeability, potential and depolarization in the resistance mechanisms. Most of E. coli isolates that were adapted to TCS showed increased antimicrobial resistance, lower outer and inner membrane permeability, higher membrane depolarization, more negative membrane potential and enhanced efflux activity using qRT-PCR. Nonsignificant change in membrane integrity was found in the adapted cells. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the extensive use of TCS at sublethal concentrations contributed to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli clinical isolates, by inducing changes in bacterial membrane properties and enhancing the efflux system. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The extensive usage of TCS has a deleterious effect on the spread of antibiotic resistance, and more studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Sonbol
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - T E El-Banna
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - A A Abd El-Aziz
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E El-Ekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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2
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Mellata M, Johnson JR, Curtiss R. Escherichia coliisolates from commercial chicken meat and eggs cause sepsis, meningitis and urinary tract infection in rodent models of human infections. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:103-113. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mellata
- The Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
| | - J. R. Johnson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - R. Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
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Ngba Essebe C, Visvikis O, Fines-Guyon M, Vergne A, Cattoir V, Lecoustumier A, Lemichez E, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Dunyach-Remy C. Decrease of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence by Helcococcus kunzii in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:77. [PMID: 28361041 PMCID: PMC5352687 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Social bacterial interactions are considered essential in numerous infectious diseases, particularly in wounds. Foot ulcers are a common complication in diabetic patients and these ulcers become frequently infected. This infection is usually polymicrobial promoting cell-to-cell communications. Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen isolated. Its association with Helcococcus kunzii, commensal Gram-positive cocci, is frequently described. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of co-infection on virulence of both H. kunzii and S. aureus strains in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. To study the host response, qRT-PCRs targeting host defense genes were performed. We observed that H. kunzii strains harbored a very low (LT50: 5.7 days ± 0.4) or an absence of virulence (LT50: 6.9 days ± 0.5). In contrast, S. aureus strains (LT50: 2.9 days ± 0.4) were significantly more virulent than all H. kunzii (P < 0.001). When H. kunzii and S. aureus strains were associated, H. kunzii significantly reduced the virulence of the S. aureus strain in nematodes (LT50 between 4.4 and 5.2 days; P < 0.001). To evaluate the impact of these strains on host response, transcriptomic analysis showed that the ingestion of S. aureus led to a strong induction of defense genes (lys-5, sodh-1, and cyp-37B1) while H. kunzii did not. No statistical difference of host response genes expression was observed when C. elegans were infected with either S. aureus alone or with S. aureus + H. kunzii. Moreover, two well-characterized virulence factors (hla and agr) present in S. aureus were down-regulated when S. aureus were co-infected with H. kunzii. This study showed that H. kunzii decreased the virulence of S. aureus without modifying directly the host defense response. Factor(s) produced by this bacterium modulating the staphylococci virulence must be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Ngba Essebe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, UFR de Médecine, Université de Montpellier Nîmes, France
| | - Orane Visvikis
- Team Microbial Toxins in Host Pathogen Interactions, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1065 Nice, France
| | - Marguerite Fines-Guyon
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU de CaenCaen, France; CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (Laboratoire Associé Entérocoques et Résistances Particulières chez les Bactéries à Gram Positif)Caen, France
| | - Anne Vergne
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CH Cahors Cahors, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU de CaenCaen, France; CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (Laboratoire Associé Entérocoques et Résistances Particulières chez les Bactéries à Gram Positif)Caen, France; Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Team Microbial Toxins in Host Pathogen Interactions, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1065 Nice, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, UFR de Médecine, Université de MontpellierNîmes, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU CarémeauNîmes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, UFR de Médecine, Université de MontpellierNîmes, France; Service de Microbiologie, CHU CarémeauNîmes, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, UFR de Médecine, Université de MontpellierNîmes, France; Service de Microbiologie, CHU CarémeauNîmes, France
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4
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Abstract
The emergence of genomics over the last 10 years has provided new insights into the evolution and virulence of extraintestinal Escherichia coli. By combining population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to analyze whole-genome sequences, it became possible to link genomic features to specific phenotypes, such as the ability to cause urinary tract infections. An E. coli chromosome can vary extensively in length, ranging from 4.3 to 6.2 Mb, encoding 4,084 to 6,453 proteins. This huge diversity is structured as a set of less than 2,000 genes (core genome) that are conserved between all the strains and a set of variable genes. Based on the core genome, the history of the species can be reliably reconstructed, revealing the recent emergence of phylogenetic groups A and B1 and the more ancient groups B2, F, and D. Urovirulence is most often observed in B2/F/D group strains and is a multigenic process involving numerous combinations of genes and specific alleles with epistatic interactions, all leading down multiple evolutionary paths. The genes involved mainly code for adhesins, toxins, iron capture systems, and protectins, as well as metabolic pathways and mutation-rate-control systems. However, the barrier between commensal and uropathogenic E. coli strains is difficult to draw as the factors that are responsible for virulence have probably also been selected to allow survival of E. coli as a commensal in the intestinal tract. Genomic studies have also demonstrated that infections are not the result of a unique and stable isolate, but rather often involve several isolates with variable levels of diversity that dynamically changes over time.
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Lescat M, Reibel F, Pintard C, Dion S, Glodt J, Gateau C, Launay A, Ledda A, Cruvellier S, Tourret J, Tenaillon O. The conserved nhaAR operon is drastically divergent between B2 and non-B2 Escherichia coli and is involved in extra-intestinal virulence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108738. [PMID: 25268639 PMCID: PMC4182557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli species is divided in phylogenetic groups that differ in their virulence and commensal distribution. Strains belonging to the B2 group are involved in extra-intestinal pathologies but also appear to be more prevalent as commensals among human occidental populations. To investigate the genetic specificities of B2 sub-group, we used 128 sequenced genomes and identified genes of the core genome that showed marked difference between B2 and non-B2 genomes. We focused on the gene and its surrounding region with the strongest divergence between B2 and non-B2, the antiporter gene nhaA. This gene is part of the nhaAR operon, which is in the core genome but flanked by mobile regions, and is involved in growth at high pH and high sodium concentrations. Consistently, we found that a panel of non-B2 strains grew faster than B2 at high pH and high sodium concentrations. However, we could not identify differences in expression of the nhaAR operon using fluorescence reporter plasmids. Furthermore, the operon deletion had no differential impact between B2 and non-B2 strains, and did not result in a fitness modification in a murine model of gut colonization. Nevertheless, sequence analysis and experiments in a murine model of septicemia revealed that recombination in nhaA among B2 strains was observed in strains with low virulence. Finally, nhaA and nhaAR operon deletions drastically decreased virulence in one B2 strain. This effect of nhaAR deletion appeared to be stronger than deletion of all pathogenicity islands. Thus, a population genetic approach allowed us to identify an operon in the core genome without strong effect in commensalism but with an important role in extra-intestinal virulence, a landmark of the B2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lescat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France et Université Paris Nord, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Florence Reibel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Pintard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
| | - Sara Dion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
- UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Glodt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
- UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Gateau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Launay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
| | - Alice Ledda
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Cruvellier
- Laboratoire de Génomique Comparative, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8030, Institut de Génomique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Jérôme Tourret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
- Département d'Urologie, Néphrologie et Transplantation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tenaillon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Paris, France
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Muntean CM, Lapusan A, Mihaiu L, Stefan R. Strain dependent UV degradation of Escherichia coli DNA monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2014; 130:140-5. [PMID: 24333761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a method for detection of DNA isolated from nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains, respectively. Untreated and UV irradiated bacterial DNAs were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, to investigate their screening characteristic features and their structural radiotolerance at 253.7nm. FT-IR spectra, providing a high molecular structural information, have been analyzed in the wavenumber range 800-1800cm(-1). FT-IR signatures, spectroscopic band assignments and structural interpretations of these DNAs are reported. Also, UV damage at the DNA molecular level is of interest. Strain dependent UV degradation of DNA from E. coli has been observed. Particularly, alterations in nucleic acid bases, base pairing and base stacking have been found. Also changes in the DNA conformation and deoxyribose were detected. Based on this work, specific E. coli DNA-ligand interactions, drug development and vaccine design for a better understanding of the infection mechanism caused by an interference between pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and for a better control of disease, respectively, might be further investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Besides, understanding the pathways for UV damaged DNA response, like nucleic acids repair mechanisms is appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Muntean
- National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Lapusan
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur Str., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liora Mihaiu
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeş Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan Stefan
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur Str., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Clermont O, Glodt J, Burdet C, Pognard D, Lefort A, Branger C, Denamur E. Complexity of Escherichia coli bacteremia pathophysiology evidenced by comparison of isolates from blood and portal of entry within single patients. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:529-32. [PMID: 23927963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The portal of entry of Escherichia coli bacteremia, a frequent and severe disease, is most commonly the urinary tract followed by the digestive tract. Recent reports have evidenced the presence of several distinct E. coli clones within a single patient suffering of extra-intestinal infection. To explore the relationships between the blood and portal of entry strains, we thoroughly studied 98 bacteremic patients from the French prospective COLIBAFI cohort. In these patients, we compared genotypically and phenotypically E. coli strains isolated from the blood and the suspected portal of entry [non-urinary pus (n=52) and urine (n=52)]. We found genetically distinct strains exhibiting distinct antibiotypes in the blood and pus samples (8 patients; 15%) and the blood and urine samples (2 patients; 3.8%) (p=0.09). These data highlight the complexity of pathophysiology of E. coli bacteremia and should be taken into consideration when strain antibiotic susceptibility is tested, especially in bacteremia of pus origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Clermont
- UMR-S 722, INSERM and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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8
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Role of pore-forming toxins in neonatal sepsis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:608456. [PMID: 23710203 PMCID: PMC3655490 DOI: 10.1155/2013/608456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein toxins are important virulence factors contributing to neonatal sepsis. The major pathogens of neonatal sepsis, group B Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, secrete toxins of different molecular nature, which are key for defining the disease. Amongst these toxins are pore-forming exotoxins that are expressed as soluble monomers prior to engagement of the target cell membrane with subsequent formation of an aqueous membrane pore. Membrane pore formation is not only a means for immediate lysis of the targeted cell but also a general mechanism that contributes to penetration of epithelial barriers and evasion of the immune system, thus creating survival niches for the pathogens. Pore-forming toxins, however, can also contribute to the induction of inflammation and hence to the manifestation of sepsis. Clearly, pore-forming toxins are not the sole factors that drive sepsis progression, but they often act in concert with other bacterial effectors, especially in the initial stages of neonatal sepsis manifestation.
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Brito PH, Rocha EPC, Xavier KB, Gordo I. Natural genome diversity of AI-2 quorum sensing in Escherichia coli: conserved signal production but labile signal reception. Genome Biol Evol 2013; 5:16-30. [PMID: 23246794 PMCID: PMC3595036 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evs122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) regulates the onset of bacterial social responses in function to cell density having an important impact in virulence. Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a signal that has the peculiarity of mediating both intra- and interspecies bacterial QS. We analyzed the diversity of all components of AI-2 QS across 44 complete genomes of Escherichia coli and Shigella strains. We used phylogenetic tools to study its evolution and determined the phenotypes of single-deletion mutants to predict phenotypes of natural strains. Our analysis revealed many likely adaptive polymorphisms both in gene content and in nucleotide sequence. We show that all natural strains possess the signal emitter (the luxS gene), but many lack a functional signal receptor (complete lsr operon) and the ability to regulate extracellular signal concentrations. This result is in striking contrast with the canonical species-specific QS systems where one often finds orphan receptors, without a cognate synthase, but not orphan emitters. Our analysis indicates that selection actively maintains a balanced polymorphism for the presence/absence of a functional lsr operon suggesting diversifying selection on the regulation of signal accumulation and recognition. These results can be explained either by niche-specific adaptation or by selection for a coercive behavior where signal-blind emitters benefit from forcing other individuals in the population to haste in cooperative behaviors.
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Landraud L, Jauréguy F, Frapy E, Guigon G, Gouriou S, Carbonnelle E, Clermont O, Denamur E, Picard B, Lemichez E, Brisse S, Nassif X. Severity of Escherichia coli bacteraemia is independent of the intrinsic virulence of the strains assessed in a mouse model. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:85-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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