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Mogavero MP, Salemi M, Lanza G, Rinaldi A, Marchese G, Ravo M, Salluzzo MG, Antoci A, DelRosso LM, Bruni O, Ferini-Strambi L, Ferri R. Unveiling the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome through transcriptome analysis. iScience 2024; 27:109568. [PMID: 38617564 PMCID: PMC11015462 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze signaling pathways associated with differentially expressed messenger RNAs in people with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Seventeen RLS patients and 18 controls were enrolled. Coding RNA expression profiling of 12,857 gene transcripts by next-generation sequencing was performed. Enrichment analysis by pathfindR tool was carried-out, with p-adjusted ≤0.001 and fold-change ≥2.5. Nine main different network groups were significantly dysregulated in RLS: infections, inflammation, immunology, neurodegeneration, cancer, neurotransmission and biological, blood and metabolic mechanisms. Genetic predisposition plays a key role in RLS and evidence indicates its inflammatory nature; the high involvement of mainly neurotropic viruses and the TORCH complex might trigger inflammatory/immune reactions in genetically predisposed subjects and activate a series of biological pathways-especially IL-17, receptor potential channels, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NOD-like receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53, mitophagy, and ferroptosis-involved in neurotransmitter mechanisms, synaptic plasticity, axon guidance, neurodegeneration, carcinogenesis, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mogavero
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Center, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
- University of Catania, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- Genomix4Life Srl, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health-CRGS, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4Life Srl, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health-CRGS, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Genomix4Life Srl, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health-CRGS, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Oliviero Bruni
- Sapienza University of Rome, Developmental and Social Psychology, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Center, 20127 Milan, Italy
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Anilkumar S, Wright-Jin E. NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 38534329 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB (nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is critical for modulating the immune proinflammatory response throughout the body. During the resting state, inactive NF-κB is sequestered by IκB in the cytoplasm. The proteasomal degradation of IκB activates NF-κB, mediating its translocation into the nucleus to act as a nuclear transcription factor in the upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Stimuli that initiate NF-κB activation are diverse but are canonically attributed to proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Downstream effects of NF-κB are cell type-specific and, in the majority of cases, result in the activation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Acting as the primary immune responders of the central nervous system, microglia exhibit upregulation of NF-κB upon activation in response to pathological conditions. Under such circumstances, microglial crosstalk with other cell types in the central nervous system can induce cell death, further exacerbating the disease pathology. In this review, we will emphasize the role of NF-κB in triggering neuroinflammation mediated by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Anilkumar
- Neonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wright-Jin
- Neonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Yang H, Peng R, Yang M, Zhang J, Shi Z, Zhang X. Association between elevated serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and clinical symptoms in male patients with treatment-resistant and chronic medicated schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:173. [PMID: 38429778 PMCID: PMC10905811 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in male patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and chronic medicated schizophrenia (CMS), and the relationship with psychopathology. METHODS The study enrolled 31 TRS and 49 cm male patients, and 53 healthy controls. Serum MMP-2 and TNF-α levels were measured by the Luminex liquid suspension chip detection method. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were used to evaluate symptom severity and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status was used to assess cognitive function. RESULTS Serum TNF-α and MMP-2 levels differed significantly between TRS, CMS and healthy control patients (F = 4.289, P = 0.016; F = 4.682, P = 0.011, respectively). Bonferroni correction demonstrated that serum TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in CMS patients (P = 0.022) and MMP-2 levels were significantly higher in TRS patients (P = 0.014) compared to healthy controls. In TRS patients, TNF-α was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.435, P = 0.015) and age of onset (r=-0.409, P = 0.022). In CMS patients, MMP-2 and TNF-α were negatively correlated with PANSS negative and total scores, and TNF-α was negatively correlated with PANSS general psychopathology scores (all P < 0.05). MMP-2 levels were positively correlated with TNF-α levels (P < 0.05), but not with cognitive function (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicate the involvement of inflammation in the etiology of TRS and CMS. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 215137, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Peng
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 215137, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, 222003, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, 215137, Suzhou, P.R. China.
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Harary PM, Jgamadze D, Kim J, Wolf JA, Song H, Ming GL, Cullen DK, Chen HI. Cell Replacement Therapy for Brain Repair: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges for Treating Parkinson's Disease and Cortical Injury. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1654. [PMID: 38137103 PMCID: PMC10741697 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural transplantation represents a promising approach to repairing damaged brain circuitry. Cellular grafts have been shown to promote functional recovery through "bystander effects" and other indirect mechanisms. However, extensive brain lesions may require direct neuronal replacement to achieve meaningful restoration of function. While fetal cortical grafts have been shown to integrate with the host brain and appear to develop appropriate functional attributes, the significant ethical concerns and limited availability of this tissue severely hamper clinical translation. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells and tissues represent a more readily scalable alternative. Significant progress has recently been made in developing protocols for generating a wide range of neural cell types in vitro. Here, we discuss recent progress in neural transplantation approaches for two conditions with distinct design needs: Parkinson's disease and cortical injury. We discuss the current status and future application of injections of dopaminergic cells for the treatment of Parkinson's disease as well as the use of structured grafts such as brain organoids for cortical repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Harary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.M.H.)
| | - Dennis Jgamadze
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.M.H.)
| | - Jaeha Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.M.H.)
| | - John A. Wolf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.M.H.)
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.M.H.)
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - H. Isaac Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.M.H.)
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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