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Banerjee S, Halder A, Pan N. Universal turbulent relaxation of fluids and plasmas by the principle of vanishing nonlinear transfers. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:L043201. [PMID: 37198835 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.l043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A 70-year-old problem of fluid and plasma relaxation has been revisited. A principal based on vanishing nonlinear transfer is proposed to develop a unified theory of the turbulent relaxation of neutral fluids and plasmas. Unlike previous studies, the proposed principle enables us to find the relaxed states unambiguously without going through any variational principle. The general relaxed states obtained herein are found to support naturally a pressure gradient which is consistent with several numerical studies. Relaxed states are reduced to Beltrami-type aligned states where the pressure gradient is negligibly small. According to the present theory, the relaxed states are attained in order to maximize a fluid entropy S calculated from the principles of statistical mechanics [Carnevale et al., J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 14, 1701 (1981)10.1088/0305-4470/14/7/026]. This method can be extended to find the relaxed states for more complex flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Arijit Halder
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Nandita Pan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Wilson LB, Brosius AL, Gopalswamy N, Nieves‐Chinchilla T, Szabo A, Hurley K, Phan T, Kasper JC, Lugaz N, Richardson IG, Chen CHK, Verscharen D, Wicks RT, TenBarge JM. A Quarter Century of Wind Spacecraft Discoveries. Rev Geophys 2021; 59:e2020RG000714. [PMCID: PMC9285980 DOI: 10.1029/2020rg000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Wind spacecraft, launched on November 1, 1994, is a critical element in NASA’s Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO)—a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the dynamics of the Sun‐Earth system. The combination of its longevity (>25 years in service), its diverse complement of instrumentation, and high resolution and accurate measurements has led to it becoming the “standard candle” of solar wind measurements. Wind has over 55 selectable public data products with over ∼1,100 total data variables (including OMNI data products) on SPDF/CDAWeb alone. These data have led to paradigm shifting results in studies of statistical solar wind trends, magnetic reconnection, large‐scale solar wind structures, kinetic physics, electromagnetic turbulence, the Van Allen radiation belts, coronal mass ejection topology, interplanetary and interstellar dust, the lunar wake, solar radio bursts, solar energetic particles, and extreme astrophysical phenomena such as gamma‐ray bursts. This review introduces the mission and instrument suites then discusses examples of the contributions by Wind to these scientific topics that emphasize its importance to both the fields of heliophysics and astrophysics. Wind has made seminal advances to the fields of astrophysics, turbulence, kinetic physics, magnetic reconnection, and the radiation belts Wind pioneered the study of the source and evolution of solar radio emissions below 15 MHz Wind revolutionized our understanding of coronal mass ejections, their internal magnetic structure, and evolution
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B. Wilson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterHeliophysics Science DivisionGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Alexandra L. Brosius
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterHeliophysics Science DivisionGreenbeltMDUSA
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | | | | | - Adam Szabo
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterHeliophysics Science DivisionGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Kevin Hurley
- Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Tai Phan
- Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Justin C. Kasper
- School of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Noé Lugaz
- Space Science CenterInstitute for the Study of EarthOceans, and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Ian G. Richardson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterHeliophysics Science DivisionGreenbeltMDUSA
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | | | - Daniel Verscharen
- Space Science CenterInstitute for the Study of EarthOceans, and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Mullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College LondonSurreyUK
| | - Robert T. Wicks
- Department of MathematicsPhysics and Electrical EngineeringNorthumbria University: Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK
| | - Jason M. TenBarge
- University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- Department of Astrophysical SciencesPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
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Chen CHK, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Borovikov D, Bowen TA, Burgess D, Case AW, Chandran BDG, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Kasper JC, Klein KG, Korreck KE, Larson D, Livi R, Macdowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Mallet A, Mcmanus MD, Moncuquet M, Pulupa M, Stevens ML, Whittlesey P. The Evolution and Role of Solar Wind Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 246:53. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab60a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractWe review the current status of research in MHD turbulence theory and numerical experiments and their applications to astrophysics and solar science. We introduce general tools for studying turbulence, basic turbulence models, MHD equations and their wave modes. Subsequently, we cover the theories and numerics of Alfvénic turbulence, imbalanced turbulence, small-scale dynamos and models and numerics for supersonic MHD turbulence.
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Parashar TN, Chasapis A, Bandyopadhyay R, Chhiber R, Matthaeus WH, Maruca B, Shay MA, Burch JL, Moore TE, Giles BL, Gershman DJ, Pollock CJ, Torbert RB, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ, Roytershteyn V. Kinetic Range Spectral Features of Cross Helicity Using the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:265101. [PMID: 30636132 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.265101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study spectral features of ion velocity and magnetic field correlations in the magnetosheath and in the solar wind using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. High-resolution MMS observations enable the study of the transition of these correlations between their magnetofluid character at larger scales into the subproton kinetic range, previously unstudied in spacecraft data. Cross-helicity, angular alignment, and energy partitioning is examined over a suitable range of scales, employing measurements based on the Taylor frozen-in approximation as well as direct two-spacecraft correlation measurements. The results demonstrate signatures of alignment at large scales. As kinetic scales are approached, the alignment between v and b is destroyed by demagnetization of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasi N Parashar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Alexandros Chasapis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Riddhi Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Rohit Chhiber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - W H Matthaeus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - B Maruca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M A Shay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J L Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio 78238-5166, Texas, USA
| | - T E Moore
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt 20771, Maryland, USA
| | - B L Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt 20771, Maryland, USA
| | - D J Gershman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt 20771, Maryland, USA
| | - C J Pollock
- Denali Scientific, Fairbanks 99709, Alaska, USA
| | - R B Torbert
- University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, New Hampshire, USA
| | - C T Russell
- University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1567, California, USA
| | - R J Strangeway
- University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1567, California, USA
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